Source: [People's Daily]
Picture ①: The ancient house in Linshui in Zhuqiao Village and the red peppers dried in front of the house.
Photo by Xie Donglin (People's Vision)
Figure ②, Figure ③, Figure ⑥: Jinxi County plate making, carving and binding process for woodblock printing.
Photo by Deng Xingdong (People's Vision)
Picture ④: Tourists visit the ancient village in the drizzle.
Reporter Zhou Huan of this newspaper
Photo ⑤: Ancient books preserved by the Woodblock Printing Museum in Huwan Town, Jinxi County.
Photo by Deng Xingdong (People's Vision)
Picture ⑦: Panoramic view of Zhuqiao Village.
Photo by Zhu Wenrong (People's Vision)
Jinxi County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, is known as the "ancient village museum without walls", and the most ancient charm of the "museum" is Zhuqiao Village. Zhuqiao Village was built in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and has 109 well-preserved ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Looking down from the air, the ancient village is like a giant folding fan, with ancient houses connected together, with extraordinary momentum. Walking into the ancient village, the blue bricks and black tiles, stone slabs and alleys, mist and mist, the fireworks stories of more than 700 years have flowed here. In 2012, Zhuqiao Village was included in the first batch of traditional Chinese village list.
About 10 kilometers north from Jinxi County, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province, but not far away, the asphalt road and an ancient post road cross intersection. Crossing time and space, the past and the present meet here. There are 3 rows of bluestone slabs in the middle of the ancient post road, and there are wide pebbles on both sides. The deep grooves left by the wheelbarrow on the bluestone slabs seem to tell the prosperity of commerce in ancient times.
Three-entry gate tower Shuilang Pass Village
If you want to deeply appreciate the beauty of Zhuqiao Ancient Village , you will have to pass three "passes".
Following the winding stone road, we arrived at the first "pass" - the main gate tower. The building-style gatehouse is not only the main entrance to the village, but also plays a defensive role. In ancient times, there were forts and were guarded by a dedicated person. At the end of the last century, in order to facilitate transportation, villagers demolished the sentry rooms and gates, but the brick and wood gatehouse was still well preserved. Touching the brick wall and looking up at the beams and rafters, time carved deep marks on the gatehouse. For hundreds of years, people from Zhuqiao have gone out and traveled around the world and lived and worked in peace and contentment.
Entering from the main gatehouse, the scenery of Zhuqiao Ancient Village becomes unique. Houses and ancestral halls surrounded an open stone pond, and the ancient house was blue bricks and black tiles, simple and elegant. Sometimes the water waves rippled, the shadows of the house swayed, the rich ancient charm came to us, and the deep feeling of time unconsciously rose in my heart.
Water adds a touch of spiritual charm to the ancient Zhuqiao village. There are 8 ponds of different sizes in the village, of which 7 squares are arranged in the Big Dipper, and the other square is like the full moon. The villagers poetically call it "Seven Stars Accompanying the Moon". The entire village is located on a gentle slope, with crypts connected between the ponds, forming a reliable drainage system with a wide and deep sewer. "The sky clears after the rain, and the shoes will not be wet."
walks within a side of the pond less than a hundred meters, and then you will reach the second "gate" - Zhongmen Tower. It is still the pattern of surrounding houses and middle ponds. The door opens to the pond and is blocked by a screen wall. However, the space is smaller and the layout is slightly compact. There are stone roads between the ponds, which lead to the third "Pass" in an "S" shape - the gate tower. Going in, it's a whole different situation.
A high wall is clipped, the width is only about 1 meter, and the road is crossed, which is truly a "winding path". While walking, I feel infinitely close to the life of "dogs barking in the deep alleys, chickens crowing in the mulberry trees". There are still secrets to explore in the towering walls. Many ancient houses in the village have mixed brick and stone masonry walls, that is, large pieces of bluestone are built underneath to make wall skirts and wall skirts and walls are built on top to make sleeping bricks. The secret lies in this bluestone skirt. If you see a lychee-shaped bluestone wall skirt, then someone in this family must be doing business, because "Li" and "Li" are homophones; if you are a pineapple-shaped wall skirt, you must have a scholar in the family, with clear patterns and ravines, which plays a sound-silence role, and means "it is not easy to have roads in the mountains of books"; if it is polished, there must be someone in the family to be an official, which means "a horse is flat and a steep rise."
This is the village pattern of Zhuqiao Ancient Village’s three entrance halls, layers of progression, and ponds through the village. This layout is closely related to the activities that the Yu family of Zhuqiao has lived together for hundreds of years and engaged in. Yu family is a businessman, and most of the men are venturing outside, leaving women, elderly and children to guard the village. How to enhance cohesion and prevent thieves has become a matter that needs to be focused on in daily life.Whether it is the Sanmen Guard, various small traps set up for thieves, or the narrowing of the space distance of the building, enhancing the affinity and unity of neighbors, and thus improving the overall combat effectiveness of the outside world, there are all considerations.
Go back in the morning and evening, and the scenery of the bamboo bridge in the four seasons is changing all the time. The bamboo bridge in the early morning is soft, and it looks like it has reborn after hundreds of years of wind and rain; the bamboo bridge at noon is warm, with the sun shining and the breeze blowing on the face, and the ancient village looks comfortable and chic; the bamboo bridge in the evening is golden, releasing the last beauty of the day, free and lazy; late at night, tourists disperse, and the ancient village of the bamboo bridge is deep and quiet. And the bamboo bridge in the rain drizzles. Holding an oil-paper umbrella means a misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River.
Confucian businessmen emphasize both Confucian businessmen. The first reading is
"Ji and good Confucian scholars" are mostly used to describe Hui merchants, and it is also quite appropriate to apply them to the Yu family merchants of Zhuqiao. Discussions such as "Confucianism and business are both important", "respecting culture and education", and "Zhuqiao Village is one of the specimens with rich humanistic and historical information that emphasize agriculture, commerce and farming in traditional Chinese society" are scattered in various literatures. This can also be found in the existing ancient architectural ruins.
"Integration of the Academic Temple" is a unique phenomenon in Jinxi ancient village . Businessmen make money when doing business outside, and return to the village to donate money to build houses, often building ancestral halls and schools together. The Zhenchuangong Temple in the east of the village was built by merchant Yu Huiqing, and it is also a place where Master Yan from Zhuqiao teaches his children. The ancestral hall consists of two parts, one is the central hall and the other is the study rooms on both sides. The orchid is used to describe descendants. One study room is named "Pelan" for women to read; the other side is named "Zhigui" for men to read. "Pelan" and "Pean Osmanthus" mean to cultivate talents and have profound meanings.
Canglan Mountain Room is a place where private school teachers teach, and there is a couplet hanging: "Diligent in classics, history, and people who study people's affairs, and sit up and respect Confucianism." The left and right wing rooms are both men's and women's study rooms. In order to facilitate the lighting of the study rooms, the courtyard specially opened into a vertical style. Similar to the Zhenchuan Gong Temple, the lintel of the building outside the courtyard has two words " worship stone ", especially, there is a little more in the word "stone". It is said that the owner imitated the . The great calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty, Mi Fu, became a hobby of stones. Every time he saw stones, he would call him brother; and he also explained that the word "stone" added dots means "to turn stones into gold".
Zhuqiao Yu family is engaged in business, pursues morality and character, and does not forget the roots. Their methods of education are quite special, and content is often arranged in conspicuous places such as gatehouses.
In front of the main gate tower, there are 3 ancient wells arranged in the character "Pin" and square wellheads, surrounded by round stone guardrails, round outside and square inside, resembling ancient copper coins. "Baoqiao Yu Family Genealogy" records: "Since the three wells are established, they are also the scheming of ancestors. When farmers see it, they know that the evil and righteousness of people are inherently divided into ranks; when scholars see it, they know that poverty can be guarded but not bad; when merchants see it, they know that the moral character of being loyal to the director is not wrong." Every time they enter and leave the village, they remind them to be moral, whether they are officials, business, or farming.
On the ground in front of the Zhongmen Tower, a large "ben" paved with bluestone slabs continues to attract tourists to stop. Origin is the root. This arrangement is intended to remind future generations not to forget their roots. At the same time, the builder specially built the Zhongmen Tower to a low level. Even if he was a high-ranking official outside, he had to get off his horse and get off his sedan chair and walk into the village. The descendants of Yu family also followed their teachings and succeeded in their careers abroad. They returned to the village or built ancestral halls, temples, roads, or donated funds to support their studies. On the left side of the door, there is a " 文典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典典
Fireworks are still there. The inheritance of the new generation
Genealogy records: "The villagers farmed, read, fished and hunted, worked at sunrise, and rested at sunset... The above three hundred fireworks are like a small city." In ancient times, Yu family of Zhuqiao lived a peaceful and peaceful life here.
At present, more than 900 people in the Yu family still live in Zhuqiao Village. Although the young people in the village have also built new houses nearby, many villagers still live in the ancient village. "The house needs people to support it", which is also the reason why most ancient buildings in the village can be well preserved.
At noon, smoke from the village was curling, and the faint fragrance of burning firewood spread out, which was the smell of home.By the pond, the large dustpan is filled with pepper cakes dried by villagers and dried eggplant dried eggplant , adding a bright color to the ancient village. The village is bustling with tourists, singing and laughing, and the ancient village seems to show infinite vitality.
The old lady Zhou Qingyun is 72 years old and has been married to Zhuqiao Village for more than 50 years. She is full of affection for every grass, tree, brick and tile in the village. She and her husband have repeatedly refused their invitations to accept their children's invitation to live in the city. "I prefer the ancient flavor of the village." When you walk into the house of the two elders, it is still the structure of the old house. When you enter the door, you will find a spacious hall, with living rooms, kitchens, and mixed rooms on the left and right sides, which are clean and tidy, simple and elegant.
In 2005, the local government launched the renovation of the Zhuqiao Ancient Village, and before that, the villagers of Zhuqiao could be said to have been a "peach blossom land" for many years. "Although the villagers have some understanding of the ancient village, they do not realize that Zhuqiao Village where they have been living is also an ancient village." Huang Xiaomei, the village women's director, introduced that it was not until the government took protective measures that the villagers realized that they had always lived in the "baby".
The villagers have a sense of protection. I heard that they will take the new development path of ancient village tourism in the future, and their enthusiasm is high. Holding the dustpan and shoulder pole, the strong men from every household shouted to clean up the silt in the pond of 8 square meters. If the family's laborers work outside, they will pay for the OEM. In less than a month, the pond cleaning work was completed, and the leisurely clear water of the Batang reappeared in the Zhuqiao Ancient Village. With water, there is spiritual energy, and the ancient village has a new look.
In 2014, Jinxi established a "one village, one file" system, supervision mechanism, regular scheduling mechanism, accountability mechanism, and a dedicated guard mechanism for "one member to protect one cultural relics" and "one member to manage one ancient village". Each traditional village has cultural security officers and implements "one-on-one" protection for a dedicated person. In 2018, China Cultural Relics Protection Foundation signed a cooperation agreement with the Jinxi County People's Government to launch the "Save Old House Action" to jointly protect, inherit and utilize the excellent cultural heritage of Jinxi County. Jinxi County also established a special agency "Old House Office" to build a first-class craftsman team for maintenance and repair, mobilize the enthusiasm of villagers, and spontaneously carry out emergency repairs and protection of old houses.
The beauty of bamboo bridge lies not only in its architecture, but also in the fireworks and culture accumulated here by the Yu family of Zhuqiao over the past 700 years.
■Tours
Zhuqiao Ancient Village layout is like a giant fan. After entering Zhuqiao Ancient Village, you can walk along the Bluestone Road and visit the series of ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties such as the General Gate Tower, the Zhongmen Tower, the Shangmen Tower, the Bajia Lane, and the Shijia Lane in turn.
Zhuqiao Ancient Village also has various leisure and entertainment venues such as tea bars, book bars, coffee bars, etc. Visitors can take a walk and take a break, drink tea, read books, drink a cup of coffee, and listen to music, while enjoying the unique scenery of the ancient village, while feeling the slow life of the ancient village. If you have enough time, you can also visit the surrounding ancient villages, such as Dafang Dutch Creative Village, Digital Travel Dian Ancient Village, Xinxue founder Lu Jiuyuan hometown Lufang Village and other ancient villages with different styles, which are very close to Zhuqiao Ancient Village, all of which are only about 5 minutes' drive away.
"People's Daily" (Page 14, August 15, 2022)
This article comes from [People's Daily] and only represents the author's views. The national party media information public platform provides information release and dissemination services.
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