Source: Chongqing Daily Network
Standing on Longquan Mountain, overlooking the Chengdu Plain from afar. Photo by reporter Xie Zhiqiang\Visual Chongqing
Longquanyi Old Street in the 1940s.
Longquan Yiji Bus from the 1940s. (Photographer Carl Meadens, a photographer of "Life" Weekly, was taken in Longquanyi in 1941)
Monument of the Northern Zhou Wenwang . Photo by reporter Xie Zhiqiang/Visual Chongqing
Tea Shopzi Old Street is preserved intact Dongda Road. Photo by reporter Xie Zhiqiang/Visual Chongqing
Today's Jinguanyi Street. Photo by reporter Xie Zhiqiang/Visual Chongqing
Retrace the Chengdu-Chongqing Ancient Post Road series report Scan and see the core prompt
continues westward from Jianyang along East Road, and then arrives at Longquan Mountain . According to the "Chengdu General Lan" written by Fu Chongju in the late Qing Dynasty, I crossed Longquan Mountain and passed through Nanshanpu, Chadianzi, Liugoupu, Shanquanpu, Longquanyi, Jiepaipu, Damianpu, Hongmenpu, Shahepu, and finally arrived at Jinguanyi. This section of the Chengdu-Chongqing ancient post road is about 50 kilometers.
Longquan Mountain is a barrier to the east of Chengdu. Su Qiyuan, a great poet of the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem in the mountain spring shop at the highest point of Longquan Mountain, "Looking at the top of thousands of peaks, the vast and beautiful mountains and rivers are endless." This refers to the endless scenery of the Chengdu Plain that you saw after entering Longquan Mountain in eastern Sichuan.
The ancient Chengdu-Chongqing post road from Longquan Mountain to Chengdu is an important channel for economic exchanges and cultural dissemination between Chengdu and Chongqing in history. Along the way, it not only brings together the business and tourism culture on Dongda Road, leaving behind historical relics that have been passed down for thousands of years, but also witnesses the revolutionary martyrs sacrifice their lives and shed their blood here...
Climbing Longquan Mountain and entering Jinguan City. This journey of the ancient post road of Chengdu and Chongqing has come to an end.
Tea Shop
The first house in the east gate of Chengdu
0 July 1, the reporter drove along the winding Longquanshan Mountain Road. Most of the old traces of Dongda Road have long been diverted due to urban construction and roads, hidden among the weeds and thorns, and the eyes are full of peaches that bent branches.
Longquan Mountain was called "Fengdong Mountain" in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Lingquan County was changed to "Lingquan Mountain" and in the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to "Longquan Mountain".
In March 1958, Deng Xiaoping, who was attending the Central Work Conference in Chengdu, inspecting Longquan Mountain and pointed out that "Longquan Mountain should be turned into Huaguo Mountain." Since then, Longquan Mountain has changed fields and soil and planted fruit trees. Today, peach trees are planted everywhere on the mountain and under Longquan Mountain, and has become a national high-quality fruit base.
The car reached the ridge, and on the right side of the road, an old archway of the "Ancient Inn Tea Shop" came into view. "This is the old tea shop in the ancient post road of Chengdu and Chongqing. In ancient times, officials and businessmen had to rest here to go to Chengdu or east of Sichuan." Zeng Chaojian, a resident of the old street, told reporters that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, traveling on the East Road was day and night. The tea shop was about 45 kilometers away from Chengdu, which was exactly the journey for ordinary people to walk for a day, so passengers rested here for one night and walked again the next day. Therefore, the tea shops, hotels and tea shops have developed rapidly, and this place is also named "The First House in Chengdu East Gate".
"That big house is called Yiquandian. It has been open for hundreds of years. It is the best inn on the old street - the 'Three Halls'." Zeng Chaojian pointed to a mansion at the corner of the old street and said that the tea shops are divided into three levels: the most high-end "three halls", that is, the three types of hotels, restaurants, and teahouses are operated at the same time; in addition, there are "second halls" that operate both houses and food, and "one hall" that only provides accommodation and cooks by customers themselves.
From the poems of the ancients, it can be inferred that it is very pleasant to eat and stay in a tea shop. When Cha Huili, the niece of Cha Shenxing, a famous poet of the Qing Dynasty, passed by the Tea Shop, he left a poem inscribed on the wall. The two lines in the poem "The mountain wind is beside the morning clouds, and the light moon is sparse and the stars surround the bamboo railings" tell future generations that the Tea Shop's inn is a good place to look up at the stars.When the great poet Su Qiyuan of the Qing Dynasty passed by the tea shop, he wrote: "When I came to sleep in the evening, I felt like I was returning home and having a happy nest... Fighting for a drink of wine, and the beautiful woman sang beautiful songs..." Contemporary literary master Guo Moruo also stayed in the tea shop. In his letter "Three Letters for First Out of Kuimen", he wrote: "The eighth male departs from Chengdu... It is the day that I stayed in the tea shop..."
In recent years, most of the residents of the tea shop have moved to the mountains in accordance with the ecological immigration policy. The remaining old street will be planned by the local government in combination with the construction of the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park . Longquanyi District has planned and built an ecological greenway with the ancient post road as its cultural theme, creating the "Twelve Ancient Posts Scenery". The tea shop of the former "the first storehouse in the East Gate of Chengdu" will recreate the ancient post culture in the future and develop ecological tourism.
Liugoupu
"Stones falling in the sky" carries the memory of thousands of years
On the mountain road from Chadianzi Old Street to Liugoupu, a courtyard that looks like a temple and a house appeared in front of the reporter. The courtyard has six doors and double-opened, with diamonds carved on the doors. This is the Great Buddha Temple, which was built in the Tang Dynasty.
When the reporter arrived, it happened that the Longquanyi District Cultural Relics Management and Protection Institute protected and repaired the place, and scaffoldings were everywhere on the scene. Under the leadership of the administrator Xiao Taifa, the reporter walked through the small wooden door on the right side of the hall, crossed the scaffolding, drilled through the gap in the fence, and saw a huge rock.
Looking at the distance, it looked like a capsized bow of the boat, one end raised and the other end sank into the soil. Xiao Taifa said that there is no such hard and huge stone within a few kilometers of radius around the Great Buddha Temple. People say that this stone fell from the sky, so it is called "the sky falls stone".
"Sky Rocks" carved cliff statues from the Tang and Song Dynasties and other periods , and the most famous is the Monument of Wenwang of the Northern Zhou Dynasty at the bottom right of the huge rock, which has a history of thousands of years.
The Monument of Wenwang of Northern Zhou was born in a major historical event of a dynasty change. In 553 AD, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Xiao Ji, the King of Wuling, who was emperor in Chengdu, sent troops to attack the Liang Dynasty, which occupied the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The mantis stalks the cicada, and the oriole is behind. The powerful minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, who established a regime in Shaanxi, took the opportunity to order the general Yuchi Jiong to lead his army to attack Sichuan in six directions, besiege Chengdu for more than 50 days before breaking the city. Three years later, Yuwen Tairan died of illness. In 557 AD, Yuwen Tai's son Yuwen Jue usurped the Western Wei regime and established the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and he recognized his father as King Wen.
At that time, the chariot and cavalry general Qiang Dule, who was stationed in Wukang County (now Jianyang), and other 11 generals, carved this monument on "The Rocks Falling in the Sky" to praise Yuwen Tai's merits. The inscription is engraved with more than 1,310 characters in regular script, which has extremely high artistic value in calligraphy. Experts believe that it is the earliest and most well-preserved inscription of the Southern and Northern Dynasties discovered in the Yangtze River Basin so far, and it is also the only stone carving in our country that has been preserved to this day and recorded historical events in the form of inscriptions and praised Yuwen Tai for his merits. In 2013, the Monument of Wenwang of Northern Zhou was recognized as a national cultural relic protection unit.
After the completion of the Monument of Wenwang of Northern Zhou, celebrities and poets passing by were inscribed and created statues here. Today, the "Sky Falls Rock" still preserves more than 50 niches of the Tang Sanjiao Taoist temple, Song poetry stele and statues, just like a natural micro-historical museum.
Liugoupu on Dongda Road is also an important battlefield where wars are everywhere in history. In 1923, General Liu Bocheng led the Sichuan Army to ambush in Liugoupu, and launched a fierce siege with the Beiyang warlords passing by, annihilated thousands of enemy troops, known in history as the "Longquanshan Victory." Today, there is still a stone tablet of the "Liugoupu Battle Site" under a small hill beside the road. The fortifications of those days, such as trenches, war pits, earthen ridges, stone fortresses, etc., can still be vaguely distinguished.
There are also ancient monuments such as Shuxi King's Tomb and cliff statues in the Longquan Mountain area. The ancient stone scripture temple behind the mountain starts from the mountain and is large in scale.
Now, with the construction of Longquanshan Urban Forest Park, the remaining Dongda Road from Teadianzi through Liugoupu to Shanquanpu has become a fitness trail for Chengdu people on weekends and holidays. On both sides of the road, peaches and green loquat trees on the bent branches have long replaced one by one "Modianzi", and the sedan chairmen and porters on the mountain road have also been replaced by tourists holding cameras.
Longquanyi
Start the first shot of the Xinhai Revolution in Sichuan
"Storm on the Longquan, overlooking the sky at the top. Yizhou is as flat as a palm, and what time is the cigarette in Qingcheng? "In the poem by the white house poet Wu Fangji, the reporter and his team went down the mountain from Longquan Mountain along the old Chengdu-Chongqing Highway to Longquan Street , which is the location of the old Longquan Post Station.
is located next to a three-way intersection, and a tall yellow cucumber tree stands. Near the big tree, a nameplate of the "Shouyi Site of Sichuan in the 1911 Revolution".
"This tree is extraordinary. It witnessed the Longquan Post Uprising that fired the first shot of Sichuan in the 1911 Revolution. "Standing beside the ancient tree, in the narrative of Hu Kaiquan, a research librarian in the Longquanyi District Archives Library, time seemed to be back on November 5, 1911.
On that day, Xia Zhishi, who was the platoon leader of the 17th town of the Sichuan New Army, brought six platoons of more than 230 people to rebel in the Fire God Temple in Wu Temple under the Huanggu Tree. After the revolutionary oath meeting was held, the team lit lanterns and torches, crossed Longquan Mountain overnight, and marched along the East Road toward Jianzhou (now Jianyang). When Jianzhou arrived in Chongqing through Anyue and Hechuan , the troops had grown to more than 800 people. On November 22, 1911, Xia Zhishi led the division into the mountain city, met with the revolutionaries in Chongqing, and established the Chongqing Shu Army on the same day Government. The Shu military government rated Zhang Peijue . In the Xia Dynasty, he was the chief and deputy governor, and declared Chongqing's independence. This incident had a huge impact on the whole of Sichuan.
In fact, as early as the Shu Han Dynasty, the ancient post road of Longquanyi had taken shape. By the Song Dynasty, this road had become an important channel for the government to convey documents. By the Ming Dynasty, Dongda Road was already the main transportation line from Chengdu to Chongqing. Longquanyi was the second post station after Chengdu left the East Gate. It was a famous post station in Sichuan. The total scale was only second to Jinguan Post among the 22 post stations in Chengdu Prefecture.
So, where was the Longquan Post Station in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Hu Kaiquan brought reporters to Xinyi North Street in Longquan Street, and the No. 1 Primary School in Longquan Post District was on this street. "In the past, Longquan Post Station was located at the location of this street. "Hu Kaiquan said that Longquanyi Station faces Dongda Road and is backed by Yima River. Such a site selection is convenient for transportation and for horses to drink water and eat grass." Later, Longquanyi was elevated from the name of a post station to the name of the current deputy prefecture-level administrative district, which is the current Longquanyi District. "Hu Kaiquan said.
With the advancement of the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle and the acceleration of Chengdu's "East Advance" pace, Longquan Mountain, which was once regarded as the eastern barrier of Chengdu, has become an important area for Chengdu to promote the "East Advance" strategy. At present, the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park that Chengdu is building is positioned as a world-class urban green heart, an international urban living room and an ecological recreational park loved by citizens. The "East Advance" of the past and present will become an important platform for Chengdu to develop eastward and Chengdu-Chongqing in the future.
Jinguanyi
"Hidden view of the red wet place, and flowers are overwhelming Jinguancheng. "Since the Han Dynasty, Shujin has become famous all over the world, "a house of skills, a hundred rooms left the house, and a loom is harmonious". The court set up "Jinguan" here to specialize in Shujin, so Chengdu is also known as "Jincheng".
Jinguanyi is the first official post to leave Chengdu on the east side of Dongda Road. It is known as "Shuzhong First Post" and is also the largest post station in Chengdu. With the development of the city, where was the Jinguanyi in the past?
from Longquanyi to Chengdu city, and the reporter came to the last stop of this "retrace" - Jinjiang District .
Along the way, there were tall buildings on both sides, but along the way, old place names such as "Yidu Avenue", "Shahepu Street", "Dongda Street East Road" section, as well as subway line 2 The "Dongda Road" site is awakening our historical marks on this ancient road.
The information provided by the Jinjiang District Local Chronicles Office shows that according to ancient books such as "Da Ming Huidian" and "Sichuan Tongzhi", the founding date of Jinguanyi was roughly between 1368 and 1398. It was an institution that handled official documents, transferred official goods and rested by officials. It was close to the Jiuyanqiao wharf, and was at the intersection of Fuhe and Jinjiang.
Vice Chairman of Chengdu Writers Association Jiang Lan made detailed verification of the location of Jinguanyi. He believed that the reason why the Jinguanyi station was located next to Jiuyanqiao marina was because Chengdu was a city that flourished due to water. In the Ming Dynasty, the location of Jinguanyi was the starting point of Chengdu's water and land roads.
Jiang Lan said that the Jinguan Post Office in the Ming Dynasty was very lively, with 376 officials and soldiers of all kinds. The annual expenditure was 2682 taels of silver for work and food, 2600 taels of silver for horse raising, and dozens to hundreds of taels of silver for ships. Jinguan Post also lives in Jinguan Post where there are civil servants who welcome the officials of Jingtang to pass through, return home, and retire. Each official allocates 5 husbands, each with 7 taels and 2 coins. There are four or five hundred people in Jinguan Post who serve as servants, spending more than 5,000 taels of silver every year. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem that said, "The Jinjiang River is near the west, and the lychees are ripe on the mountain. There are many restaurants by the Wanli Bridge, and whose home tourists love to stay?", which describes its prosperity.
At that time, the Jinguanyi area was highly developed in the areas of shops, restaurants, tea shops, hotels, etc., and could be called the "Bund" in ancient Chengdu. A large number of craftsmen, servants and merchants such as silk reeling, embroidery, printing and dyeing, and transportation lived along the Jinjiang River. More than a hundred years ago, several businessmen also set up a school in the Dongyue Temple in Jinguanyi - a private Jinguanyi Primary School. In 1909, 10-year-old Chen Shijun became a primary school student here, and his teacher Pei Yetang changed his name to "Chen Yi".
htmlOn July 2, the reporter walked on Jinguanyi Street, Jinguanyi Street, Jinjiang District. The mission of this post station has long become a history and has become a characteristic economic block mainly focusing on the leisure service industry. Here, there is the ruins of the Shuijingfang winemaking workshop in the Ming and Qing dynasties that were preserved as it is, Lan Kwai Fong, which Chengdu people like, and Shangri-La, a five-star hotel.The Wuhou Temple side, which has a long history like Jinguan Post, has now been built into the Jinli Ancient Street. There are wine shops and tea shops on the bluestone road, and there are many tourists. It has become a nationally renowned cultural and leisure street.
As the most prosperous central urban area in Chengdu, Jinjiang District and Chongqing Yuzhong District are located at both ends of the Chengdu-Chongqing Ancient Post Road. Nowadays, in the context of promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle, the most prosperous Chunxi business district in Chengdu and the most lively Jiefangbei business district in Chongqing, have taken the lead in "joining hands", sharing resources, and co-organizing activities to promote the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing core business district.
"The Chengdu-Chongqing Ancient Post Road gradually formed and developed and prospered in the process of Chengdu and Chongqing becoming the two core cities of western Sichuan and eastern Sichuan respectively, and played an important role in history." Li Yongxian, director of the Institute of History and Geography of Sichuan University, believes that from the history of the formation of the Chengdu-Chongqing Ancient Post Road, it can be seen that Chengdu and Chongqing are dependent on the landscape and connected with blood, and have formed a close relationship of interdependence, harmony and inclusiveness, and co-conspiracy of development in history. This is enough to prove that the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle has a profound historical foundation and more far-reaching practical significance.
(map source: Chengdu Map Publishing House.)
Academic support:
Chongqing Local History Research Association
Southwest University Historical Geography Institute
Southwest University Institute of History and Geography
