How should we clarify the nature of our diarrhea like a doctor in daily life? I wonder if these doubts have ever flashed in your mind. Today, based on the principle of breaking the question and answer, let us explore the essence of diarrhea in human body.

How does diarrhea occur? How do clinical doctors prescribe drugs for patients with diagnosis and treatment? How should we clarify the nature of our diarrhea like a doctor in daily life? I don’t know if these doubts have ever flashed in your mind. Today, based on the principle of breaking the question and answer, let’s explore the diarrhea of ​​human body.

The mechanism of diarrhea

Diarrhea is commonly known as diarrhea, and is a clinical feature that we encounter most frequently in our daily life. Although diarrhea is a common symptom, it has many different mechanisms of occurrence. Generally speaking, the occurrence of diarrhea cannot be separated from the following reasons: increased intestinal secretion, decreased absorption, intestinal movement disorders, and intestinal effusion. However, the occurrence of various diarrhea can be one of the causes, or it can be produced by a combination of multiple causes.

Intestine is the place where diarrhea occurs. The human body from top to bottom Our intestine is mainly composed of duodenum, small intestine (jejunum, ileum), colon , and cecum, while the place where diarrhea occurs is mainly concentrated in the duodenum and small intestine.

There are many folds in the intestinal cavity of the human body. A large number of epithelial cells are distributed on the surface of these folds. There is a structure called microvilli on the surface of the epithelial cells. It is the existence of these cells that maintain normal physiological functions in the intestinal cavity. When these epithelial cell structures are damaged by attacks and pathogens, the balance will be broken and digestive tract symptoms such as diarrhea will occur.

Small intestinal dissection

In the eyes of doctors, diarrhea is generally divided into secretory diarrhea and invasive diarrhea . Doctors will propose targeted treatment plans based on different manifestations and mechanisms.

Let’s first learn about secretory diarrhea:

The occurrence of diarrhea is mainly concentrated in jejunum of the duodenum and small intestine . The epithelial cells here are Salmonella , Staphylococcus aureus , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Enterotoxin-sensitive ml2 rotavirus , Proteus , cholera , and other pathogens. The reproduction of bacteria will release a variety of enterotoxin . The presence of enterotoxin will stimulate the adenylate cyclase on the surface of epithelial cells. This enzyme will promote the secretion of cells and trigger the secretion of a large amount of water and sodium ions in the intestinal cavity. When the intestinal secretion of these water reaches saturation, the excess water will appear in the form of diarrhea.

A feature of secretory diarrhea is that feces contain a lot of water . Even if the symptoms of diarrhea are not relieved after fasting, the digestive system will not affect the digestive effect of food.

but aggressive diarrhea is completely different.

Similar to invasive E. coli, Yersinia, and intestinal hemorrhagic E. coli will cause more serious symptoms. These bacteria will directly invade intestinal epithelial cells with the help of the flagella, secreting various enterotoxins and secrete a variety of exotoxins , directly leading to cell necrosis, causing partial or widespread necrosis of the intestinal mucosa, and invading the muscle layer of the intestinal tract and causing ulcers and inflammation.

Therefore, aggressive diarrhea usually accompanied by a lot of water, and it is also doped with stool blood , mucus stool and infection to varying degrees . For example, in raw meat and raw milk food, it is easy to be infected by Escherichia coli . After infection, people with have rapid disease, severe abdominal pain, watery stools, and bloody stools are also accompanied by severe hemolytic uremic syndrome , which can cause death in severe cases.

Therefore, based on the shape of the feces, whether it is bloody or mucus, we can roughly distinguish the type of infectious diarrhea, and based on whether it is abdominal pain and fever, the degree of infection can be roughly determined.While doctors diagnose and treat us, we can also have a rough grasp of the disease.

So how does the doctor treat the patient after receiving the diarrhea?

Whether it is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, the clinical manifestations of diarrhea are very similar, and it is difficult to distinguish specifically what pathogen is caused by.

Therefore, after receiving diarrhea patients, the doctor will not blindly treat the patients. The common diarrhea in our hospital is mostly caused by viral or bacterial infection. can only treat symptomatically after the fundamental pathogen is clarified to prevent delaying the disease and causing serious body damage.

• For this reason, the doctor will make a rough judgment based on the shape and number of stool samples of diarrhea, and take samples for rapid detection of pathogens to clarify the cause and then provide support and symptomatic treatment. For viral diarrhea, antibacterial drugs are ineffective. Usually, symptomatic treatment and supportive treatment are provided. Patients with diarrhea and dehydration will be given rehydration to relieve electrolyte disorders. Generally, the diarrhea caused by viruses is self-limiting, and it will recover from 3 days or two weeks.

• However, the treatment for aggressive bacterial infections is completely different, and the antibacterial drugs used for different bacterial infections are also different. For example, Yersin bacteria that like to accumulate and reproduce in the refrigerator, mild patients do not need to take antibiotics for 2-3 days to heal themselves. For patients with severe infection, aminoglycoside antibiotics or sulfonamide antibiotics can be taken. The pathogenic bacteria will recover soon for these antibiotics and their sensitive conditions. However, for invasive diarrhea caused by intestinal hemorrhagic Escherichia coli, antibiotics are often not allowed to be used at will, mainly because antibiotics can easily cause some bacteria to release more toxins after lysing them and increase systemic damage. Therefore, how to treat symptomatically and whether to use antibiotics needs to be treated according to the disease and targeted treatment.

• In addition, we must prevent the occurrence of subsequent complications, such as common dehydration shock and intestinal stress syndrome after infection.

Of course, the above mentioned only the diarrhea caused by bacterial and new viral infections in life. This type of diarrhea is mostly self-limiting and has a better prognosis. However, for children, the elderly, and patients with immunodeficiency, the mortality rate is often high due to severe dehydration.
However, in actual clinical practice, the types of diarrhea will be more complicated and often mixed with infectious diarrhea caused by parasites, ulcerative colitis, and functional diarrhea caused by tumor diarrhea. These diarrhea require more professional equipment for diagnosis and determination.

Prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea

Therefore, in the face of common infectious diarrhea, the doctor reminds everyone to take protective measures. Example If you go to the hospital’s infectious department, be sure to wear a mask, avoid touching the handrails and ward handles of the infectious department at will, pay attention to hand hygiene after being discharged from the hospital to avoid direct contact with the mouth and nose and substituting possible pathogens into the mouth.

At the same time, pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked food to avoid mixing bacteria in raw meat into food and causing infections like Salmonella, Yersinia, and Escherichia coli.

Diarrhea caused by viral bacterial infection is highly contagious, so it is necessary to isolate and treat patients. People who live with patients need to develop good living habits. Since most pathogens are sensitive to disinfectants, we can use disinfectants containing 500mg of chlorine per liter to strengthen the disinfection of patients' living areas to avoid cross infection.