Source: People's Daily
Visitors are picking citrus in the orange orchard in Chengxi Village, Shiliang Town. Photo by reporter Fang Min. Photographed by: Zhang Fangman
. Realizing agricultural modernization and improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural development are inevitable requirements. At present, the "ceiling" of agricultural product prices is pressing down, the "floor" of production costs is rising, and to resolve development problems, it is necessary to deepen the structural reform of the agricultural supply side and promote the integrated development of the first, second and third industries in rural areas. Zhejiang Quzhou 's traditional citrus industry is based on market transformation, relying on technology to improve quality and increase effective supply. At the same time, it promotes agriculture to "one after another" and lengthens the industrial chain, and makes agriculture a promising industry. Its practices are worth learning from.
"There are thousands of orange slaves, the baskets are full of the house, the boats of oranges in the city are below the river." This is the Quzhou citrus written by Xu Xiake. As the hometown of Chinese oranges, Quju oranges are famous in history. Last year, the total citrus production in Quzhou City reached 394,000 tons, but in the face of a bumper harvest, some were happy and some were sad.
In Jinban Village, Kecheng District, Quzhou City, Wuyuan Farmer Xu Jinmei helplessly poured out the car full of citrus: "No one wants a pound, so it's better to pour it all."
However, in Mojia Village, not far from Jinban Village, Wuyuan Farmer Ye Huachang was leisurely pruning citrus branches and leaves in the greenhouse: "My family's 30,000 kilograms of tangerine sold before the Spring Festival, and the minimum price per kilogram is sold at 10 yuan!"
is also Quyuan, so why is the situation completely different? "If you are willing to transform, you will make a profit; if you are unwilling to transform, you will lose." Fang Peilin, deputy director of the Kecheng District Agriculture Bureau, said the reason, "The market has always been fair. In recent years, , Quzhou has promoted the transformation of the citrus industry, and it is full of bitterness, joy, sourness and sweetness on the road to the integration and development of the three industries."
bitterness: a pound of citrus costs a few cents, and the market forces the industry to change
"3 oranges cost per dollar, selling oranges is better for the New Year." Ye Huachang was the earliest batch of citrus sellers in the local area. He lamented that in the 1980s, citrus was 3 yuan per catty, which was more expensive than pork! At its peak, citrus income accounted for more than 70% of villagers' income.
The market is most popular. For a time, more and more farmers began to grow oranges, but the variety was single and extensive management made the quality of Qu oranges uneven and market risks quietly gathered.
In 2008, Quzhou had a bumper harvest of citrus, but the purchase price plummeted. In the following years, more and more cases of a pound of citrus costing more and more, and many orange farmers had no choice but to leave the orange orchard and go out to work.
"What has been eliminated by the market in recent years is the low-quality citrus planted with backward production concepts, which also reminds us that the citrus industry is about to 'change'." Fang Peilin said.
Learned from the pain, Quzhou citrus began to transform.
improves planting efficiency. Kecheng integrates scattered land to achieve large-scale planting. In 2016, Kecheng launched a series of combination punches such as scale transfer, facility cultivation, and financial support. A subsidy of 500 yuan per mu will be given to newly transferred and circulated orange orchards with a continuous area of more than 50 mu for three consecutive years.
Ye Huachang became the first person to "eat crabs". Over the past two years, 3 million yuan has been invested one after another to build a fine citrus orchard. When I walked into his family farm, there were 50 acres of greenhouses in large areas, and ecological technologies such as organic fertilization and green prevention and control were sensible for technological style. "With a rain shelter, tangerines can be delayed for two months, the sugar content can reach 14.5 degrees, and the high-quality fruit rate reaches 95.8%. "
Focusing on the upgrading of the citrus industry, the city has eliminated a total of 106,000 mu of "three lows" orange orchards in the past two years, and the scale-up operating area has grown from more than 300 mu in 2015 to nearly 7,000 mu.
variety improvement is only the first step. How to maximize the efficiency of Qujujuan, Quzhou explores the integrated development of the three industries.
requires benefits from deep processing. Changshan Hugo is a unique citrus variety in the local area. From selling fresh fruits to using green fruits as medicine, Hugo has achieved full fruit utilization, and the extracted flavonoid tablets have become the new favorite of the high-end health care products market. Using this technology, the output value of each ton of purpura exceeds 200,000 yuan, which is more than 100 times that of fresh fruits sold. Changshan County Humuli commercialization rate reaches more than 70%, ranking first among citrus in the country.
seeks benefits from leisure agriculture. More and more citrus orchards have set up farmhouses and picking gardens. The city has developed 3,373 leisure agricultural business entities and 35,000 employees. Leisure and sightseeing agriculture has become a new industry for farmers to get rich.
acid: Laoju farmers have many difficulties in transformation, and they must guide advanced elements to clench their fingers into fists
The integration of the three industries is inseparable from quality support.
After two years of exploration, Lu Zhicheng, who is dedicated to improving the variety, succeeded. The new variety of mixed tangerine planted by his family farm was ordered away as soon as it was harvested. "In the high yield period, the yield per mu can reach 10,000 jin, which is the income of 200,000 yuan."
The benefits come from technology. Zheng Xueliang, director of the Fruit Tree Research Institute of Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters: "The new varieties promoted now have a lot of juice in July and August of the next year, and the original quality remains unchanged."
Some orange farmers are still lingering in the traditional planting model, and Xu Jinmei, who has no choice but to pour oranges, is one of them. "There are 2 acres of citrus land in my home, and no one cares about 60% of the orange trees, and the quality is indeed not good. Although my family does not make a living by selling oranges, I still feel a little distressed when I see the oranges poured out." Xu Jinmei said.
Watching others make money, Xu Jinmei is inevitably sad. However, on the road to transformation, land, science and technology, capital and talent are indispensable, and there are many problems. Speaking of future plans, he said that he would concentrate on working in the future and hand over the land to those who know technology and business management to take care of it.
promotes the transformation of citrus, Quzhou faces difficulties, and policy guidance advanced elements are clenched into fists.
Where are the talents? Kecheng District has attracted talents from all walks of life to become "professional orange farmers". Chen Lin from Nongfa Natural Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. used to be a computer worker, but now he has become a professional orange farmer. "From citrus seedling cultivation and planting to deep processing and leisure sightseeing and picking tours, we have built a full industrial chain with industrial thinking to improve the benefits of citrus." He said.
From one household to one group development, Quzhou has established 550 citrus professional cooperatives, 720 family farms, 30 leading citrus enterprises, and more than 50 social service organizations.
Where is the funds? Kecheng District has introduced policies, and for three consecutive years, 5 million yuan of funds are used every year to support, leverage 100 million yuan in credit funds, and fully promote the transformation of the citrus industry. What is the basics of
? All departments in Quzhou have taken action. The power supply department has upgraded the transformer of the citrus processing park to ensure sufficient power supply during the citrus harvest. The main citrus townships have established citrus technical service teams to guide orange farmers to carry out orange orchard transformation throughout the process. Information services keep up. Since 2011, Quzhou has implemented data monitoring of the citrus market, focusing on inventory warning lines, and providing multi-channel connections for fruit farmers to sell oranges.
In order to improve quality, more and more citrus cooperatives are cooperating with universities to introduce new seedless tangerine products. Kecheng District has established a citrus breeding center, and more than 100 excellent and new varieties have been launched on the market one after another. , Jiang Baoxiang from Lantang Village, Mohuan Township, Longyou County, planted more than 130 acres of new sweet orange pomelo. Last year, the first year of fruit was fruit, and 150,000 kilograms of fruit were in short supply. "I can hang seven or eight fruits on a branch. I will cut off a few of them at that time. If the quality is good, there will be no need to worry about sales."
accelerates the integration of the citrus industry. Kecheng District connects with Academician Deng Xiuxin of Central China Agricultural University, establishes an academician workstation, and conducts cold chain logistics technology research and development with Zhejiang University , and establishes a citrus temperature-friendly cold storage of 3,000 cubic meters. "Kecheng has built the China Citrus Expo Garden, forming a demonstration zone for the integration of the three industries that integrates citrus planting, fruit processing, and tourism, recreating the picture of 'clear water in one river and orange fragrance on both sides of the straits'." Fang Peilin told reporters.
sweet: fusion produces a multiplier effect, orange farmers share more value-added income
Citrus quality has increased year by year, processing orders are coming one after another, and industrial integration is getting closer.
Citrus cyst cells are the main raw material for beverage companies. Since the beginning of this year, Kecheng District has exported nearly 4,700 tons of Citrus cyst cells, with an output value of US$3.4 million. Fang Peilin said that the use of inferior citrus in deep processing has driven the average increase in income of orange farmers by more than 3,000 yuan.
is not only industrial processing, but the industrial framework dominated by "citrus + culture + tourism" in Kecheng District has been formed. Not long ago, on the banks of Shiliang Creek in Chengxi Village, Kecheng District, a "First China Quzhou Citrus Culture and Art Festival" combined with art appeared. Hundreds of thousands of round, red and yellow "Goenix Fruits" outlined 29 giant citrus themed cartoon sculptures, attracting hundreds of thousands of people to watch and play.
Farmland is the largest scenery, and agriculture is the largest ecology.The development of rural leisure tourism has deeply integrated citrus culture with beautiful rural construction. The "Longtan Citrus World" project in Shiliang Town, Kecheng District has started construction. After completion, there will be a Farmer Entrepreneurship Park, Science and Technology Innovation Park, Seedless Orange Demonstration Park, Under Forest Economic Belt and Industrial Integration Belt. "Far from a distance, orchard from a distance, and when you look in, you are a paradise, Kecheng District will usher in a new situation of industrial integration and development and rural tourism taking off." Fang Peilin said that high-quality citrus attracts countless tourists, bringing popularity of rural tourism such as homestays and farmhouses; the popularity of rural tourism has given citrus consumers.
has changed from selling products to selling scenery and culture. Over the past three years, Quzhou rural tourism has driven an annual income of 20,000 yuan for employees per capita, and business formats such as homestay economy and tourism complexes have been continuously moving towards the mid-to-high-end.
has built a comprehensive service platform for export citrus, and Kecheng District has built a 134-acre citrus export industrial park in Shiliang Town and Jiangjiashan Village. At present, the citrus in the park have been exported to 11 countries and regions including the Philippines, , Malaysia, , and Bangladesh. Through export drive, the average price of citrus per kilogram in the region has increased by 0.4 yuan.
The happiest thing about the integration of industries is the orange farmers.
"Now people from the city come to the village to travel by themselves. The 50 acres of greenhouses here are not enough for them to pick. If a customer calls to order, the fruits on the trees are gone!" Ye Huachang thought of the scene last autumn and looked happy.
Farmer Wu Shuangliang also gained benefits from the integration of the three industries. He told reporters that he had more than 2 acres of land in his home. He had frozen to death after planting citrus three times before, so he simply left the land deserted there. This year, he transferred the land to Nongfa Natural Science Company and became a company worker himself, with a monthly salary of 3,700 yuan, and a land rent of more than 2,000 yuan a year. The village collective also has a dividend of 500,000 yuan a year.
The general trend of integration of the three industries is unstoppable. For many old orange farmers in Quzhou, it should not be too late to start transforming at this moment. (Reporter Fang Min Lan Chen participated in the interview and writing)
