National Bureau of Statistics released the main data results of the Seventh National Census on the 211th, the reporter of First Financial roughly calculated the per capita GDP GDP2 of various places based on the 2020 GDP figures and Seven-monopoly population data of various places. Data shows that among the 31 provinces, six provinces have a per capita GDP of more than 100,000 yuan, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Tianjin and Zhejiang, of which Beijing and Shanghai exceed 150,000 yuan. Chongqing and Hubei have led the per capita GDP in the central and western regions.
per capita GDP , that is, "per capita GDP", is often used as an indicator to measure economic development in development economics , and is an effective tool for people to understand and grasp the macroeconomic operation of a country or region. Since population data in various places have not been released before, there is no per capita GDP figure in the statistical bulletins issued by various places.
It should be noted that when calculating per capita GDP, the ratio of the total GDP of that year to the average annual population is applied. Since Qipu's data is at 0:00 on November 1, 2020, there is a certain difference from the average population in 2020. Therefore, the per capita GDP data calculated here will have a certain error with the final result. Of course, this error is relatively small. Accurate data should be based on the figures published by the statistical department.
Six provinces exceeded 100,000 yuan, and Beijing exceeded 160,000 yuan
Data shows that based on the number of population in the seven general population, the top ten provinces with per capita GDP are Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Chongqing, Hubei and Inner Mongolia.
Among them, the per capita GDP of the top six provinces exceeded 100,000 yuan, and the per capita GDP of the two major municipalities directly under the central government in Beijing and Shanghai exceeded 150,000 yuan. Among them, Beijing ranked first with 164,904 yuan.
Overall, Beijing and Shanghai have the highest urbanization rate, and per capita GDP is in an absolute leading position in the country. Modern service industries such as the financial industry in Beijing and Shanghai are very developed, and headquarters economy, R&D and innovation are very prominent. In recent years, the three highest-income industries in my country are information transmission, software and information technology services, finance, scientific research and technical services. Beijing and Shanghai are the areas with the most concentrated high-income industries.
After Beijing and Shanghai, Jiangsu, the second largest economic province, has a per capita GDP of 121,205 yuan, leading among provinces outside the municipalities directly under the central government. Associate Professor of Economics, Xiamen University Ding Changfa Analysis of the First Financial Daily that Jiangsu's outward-oriented economy is very developed and there are many large projects. Southern Jiangsu has a high level of urbanization and is very obvious in receiving spillover radiation from Shanghai. In addition, from the perspective of industrial structure, Jiangsu has a large number of heavy chemical industries along the river. Driven by heavy industry, the total GDP is also relatively high, so per capita GDP is also relatively high.
After Jiangsu, Fujian ranked fourth with 105,690 yuan. Fujian is the first area to open up on the eastern coast after reform and opening up . Adhering to the spirit of "only you can win if you fight", the private economy is very developed, and light industries such as textiles, shoes and hats are very prominent. These young textile industries have done a good job in branding and high value-added development. At the turn of the new century, Fujian made full use of good port resources, vigorously developed port-based heavy chemical industry, and heavy industry also developed. At the same time, emerging enterprises and industries including , CATL have also developed well in recent years.
Ding Changfa said that Fujian is not large, but the transportation infrastructure is relatively complete, and high-speed rail is connected to each county and high-speed rail is connected to each city. Moreover, Fujian's regional development is relatively balanced, and the gap between mountainous cities and coastal areas is small.
Tianjin and Zhejiang also have a per capita GDP of more than 100,000 yuan, ranking fifth and sixth. It is worth noting that although per capita GDP is largely positively correlated with residents' per capita income, places with high per capita GDP often have higher per capita income. However, the per capita income of residents is also affected by factors such as industrial structure and ownership structure. Therefore, the per capita income ranking of a region is not completely consistent with the per capita GDP ranking.
For example, although Zhejiang ranks sixth in per capita GDP, lower than Jiangsu, Fujian and other places, Zhejiang's residents ranks third in the country, second only to Shanghai and Beijing.Zhejiang is the most developed place in my country's county economic industrial chain, and the overall regional development is relatively balanced. Many cities such as Yiwu , Yueqing , Cixi , Zhuji and other cities have very complete industrial chains, the private economy accounts for a very high proportion, and residents' property income is also relatively high.
After these six provinces, Guangdong, the per capita GDP of the largest economic province, is 87,897 yuan, which is still a certain distance from the 100,000 yuan mark. Peng Peng, executive president of the Guangdong Provincial System Reform Research Association, analyzed to the First Financial reporter that on the one hand, Guangdong has a large population of more than 126 million, with a large number of migrant populations and a large population base. On the other hand, Guangdong has a very large gap in regional development, and the Pearl River Delta region is very developed, not worse than that of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. However, the gap between the east, west, north and north of Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta is too big. Once the province is average, Guangdong's per capita GDP is much lower than that of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
How big is the regional gap in Guangdong? At present, the permanent population data of cities and cities in Guangdong in 2020 have not been announced. Judging from the data in 2019, only 7 of the 21 cities in Guangdong have a per capita GDP higher than the national average, and all are in the Pearl River Delta region; the per capita GDP of 2/3 cities are lower than the national average, mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions of Guangdong, as well as in the Pearl River Delta 1 Jiangmen and Zhaoqing in the Pearl River Delta. Among them, , Meizhou , with the lowest per capita GDP, was only 27,096 yuan, which is 38% of the national average, and , Heyuan and , Jieyang are less than half of the national average.
"The richest place in the country is in Guangdong, and the poorest place is also in Guangdong." This is a true portrayal of the imbalance in Guangdong's regional economic development.
Table: Per capita GDP data in 31 provinces (reported by the First Financial reporter Qipu data and local statistical bulletins)
Chongqing, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, and Shandong
From the overall perspective, per capita GDP still shows obvious differences in the world. The top seven provinces with per capita GDP all come from developed eastern coastal areas, while the eighth to tenth provinces come from the central and western regions. Chongqing, a municipality directly under the central government, ranked eighth with a per capita GDP of 78,002 yuan; Hubei's per capita GDP reached 75,223 yuan, ranking ninth; Inner Mongolia, a major energy province, ranked tenth with a per capita GDP of 72,185 yuan. All three central and western provinces surpass Shandong, which ranks the third largest economic province in the eastern coastal region.
Among them, Chongqing and Hubei, two provinces, rank in the middle and upper reaches of , Yangtze River , are quite eye-catching. The industrialization and urbanization levels of these two places are relatively high in the central and western regions.
Professor Ye Qing Analysis of the First Financial Daily that Chongqing and Hubei were both old industrial bases, and the foundation that has been settled in the planned economy era is very good, especially heavy industry. At the same time, Chongqing and Hubei have relatively good industrial complementarity with , the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, and have undertaken a large number of industrial transfers along the southeast coast.
Niu Fengrui, a researcher at the Center for Urban Development and Environmental Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told First Financial Daily that Chongqing and Wuhan are both large cities with rapid development in modern times and have a deep industrial heritage. After the founding of New China, many major projects were also placed in these two cities. In addition, the resources of higher education are very strong, and the comprehensive advantages have been continuously highlighted in recent years. The population size of these two cities is also very large and has gradually developed into megacities, and urban development has also driven regional development.
is not just Hubei and Chongqing. Most provinces with high per capita GDP in the central and western regions are regions that have received more industrial transfers, have outstanding development of strong provincial capitals, and have rapid development of high-tech industries in recent years. For example, Xi'an's higher education strength ranks in the top five in the country, and Shaanxi's per capita GDP ranks 12th in the country; Sichuan, the largest province in the west, has a permanent population of more than 80 million, and the provincial capital Chengdu currently ranks seventh in the national city list, and the high-tech industry has developed very well. Driven by Chengdu, Sichuan's per capita GDP ranks third in the west and 16th in the country.
This also shows that a strong provincial capital city and central city are very important for the economic and social development of the western region. Niu Fengrui said that central cities are the leader in regional development, the center of various fields such as industry, scientific research, and culture, and the gathering place for economic and social development functions. High-tech industries require certain conditions, including talents, equipment and business environment. What kind of cities have such conditions? In the Midwest, the provincial capital city is the first choice.
At present, there are 5 provinces with per capita GDP below 50,000 yuan, namely Gansu, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Guizhou and Hebei. Among them, Gansu, the lowest per capita GDP was 36,038 yuan, and Beijing, the top per capita GDP is 4.6 times that of Gansu.
In addition, the average RMB exchange rate in 2020 is 1 USD to 6.8974 yuan. The per capita GDP of each province is equivalent to USD. Currently, there are 11 provinces with per capita GDP exceeding USD 10,000, including Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Chongqing, Hubei, Inner Mongolia and Shandong. The two major municipalities directly under the central government in Beijing and Shanghai both exceeded US$22,000, of which Beijing's per capita GDP reached US$23,908 in 2020.
