Junior high school text "Longzhong Pair" must be familiar to everyone, even those who don't know much about history may be able to talk about it. Longzhong's philosophy not only reflects the foresight of Zhuge Liang's , but also has become the development program of Shuhan for decades.
allows Liu Bei to change the previous unruly development, quickly clarify development goals, and rise to become one of the three-legged legs.
But as early as seven years ago, Dongwu 's Lusu proposed a "Wuzhong Pair" that is quite similar to "Longzhong Pair", also known as "年年年年年年年年年年年年年". It has also become an important theoretical basis for the development of Eastern Wu. It can be said that "Wu Zhong vs." is to Eastern Wu just like "Long Zhong vs." to Shu Han. So what exactly did "Wu Zhong" say? What's sophisticated? Why is its popularity not as good as "Longzhong"?
above picture_Sun Quan Inscriptions like
What did "Wu Zhong say"?
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200 AD), Lu Su met Sun Quan with the recommendation of Zhou Yu . At this time, Sun Quan had just succeeded Master Wu, and the future development direction of Dongwu was not clear, so the two had a good conversation. After a banquet, Sun Quan recalled Lu Su alone and "drink with him" with him. Sun Quan said that he "thought to have the achievements of Huan Wen", but he didn't know how to develop it, so he wanted to hear Lu Su's opinions.
Lu Su expressed different ideas. He believed that the situation in the world at that time was far from during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, and was very similar to that when Chu and Han competed for . Cao Cao "using the emperor to command the princes" is equivalent to the Xiang Yu controlling Chu Yidi , and Sun Quan could also be the Emperor Gaozu of Han, seeking opportunities to develop and achieve hegemony.
above_Lu Su (172-217), the name Zijing
"Wu Zhong proposed a grand strategy - "Found the Jiangdong to observe the world's provocation." The word "Dingzu" was used for the first time here, which shows that Lu Su saw it very clearly that the world could not be unified so quickly. The best development idea is to protect your own land, then pay attention to whether there are opportunities in the external environment and expand your power bit by bit.
The specific development steps are divided into three parts.
First, "suppress Huang Zu, advance to Liu Biao ", occupying the strategic location of Jingzhou.
The second is to go north along the river and capture Yizhou, "in the extreme of the Yangtze River." Unify the south of the Yangtze River , forming a confrontation between the north and the south.
The third is to establish himself as the emperor, seek opportunities to fight the north, and plan for the world. Because of the "northern affairs" at that time, the princes attacked and killed each other and rarely focused on the south. This was a good opportunity for the development of Eastern Wu.
above picture_ Yellow Turban Rebellion schematic diagram
Why can "Wu Zhong Gong" be compared with "Long Zhong Gong"? Where is its advantages reflected?
"Wu Zhong proposed that "the Han Dynasty cannot be revived, and Cao Cao cannot be eliminated."
During the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, eunuchs interfered in politics, Party and fining disaster . Even if the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, the Han Dynasty was just in chaos and not to the point of dying. Even a hero like Cao Cao had a dream at that time just to be a general who fought for the country. It was not until Dong Zhuo hidden the capital and the princes fought melee that the knowledgeable people gradually realized that the Han Dynasty was about to die.
After establishing the view that "the Han Dynasty cannot be revived", it was clear that development is entirely for its own hegemony, and one can consider one's own interests as much as possible when doing things. Everyone in the world knows that Cao Cao was named Han Prime Minister, but he was actually a Han thief. If you are under the banner of restoring the Han Dynasty, you will inevitably go directly to Cao Cao’s opposition and confront Cao Cao head-on, which will lose the initiative and flexibility of diplomacy, which is obviously not the best strategy. For example, Liu Bei was an enemy of Cao Cao in the early stage and was almost displaced and had no place to stand.
above picture_ Cao Cao (155-220)
And Dongwu doesn’t have to worry about these. As long as it is beneficial to oneself, it is not particularly important to be hostile to or alliance with.This is true for Lu Su himself and even the overall thought of Eastern Wu afterwards. Therefore, the Eastern Wu could form an alliance with Shu Han and fight against Cao Cao together; or he could surrender to Cao Wei before Liu Bei wanted to attack Dongwu, in order to prevent the attacks between Cao and Liu.
Although in the early days of troubled times, under the banner of restoring the Han Dynasty, development and combat will be orthodox, and it will also help unite many knowledgeable people who want to revive the Han Dynasty. But everything has opposites. Once such a persona is established and the slogan of "the traitors are incompatible", development will lose flexibility. Moreover, as time goes by, when the orthodoxy of the Han Dynasty disappears, this move will seem more than worth the effort. In the late period of Shu Han, there were very few talents from other places who came to join Shu Kingdom . Even Zhuge Liang's five northern expeditions seemed to be fulfilling his obsession with restoring the Han Dynasty, and also consumed a lot of Shu Han's national strength.
above picture_ Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition circuit map
"Cao Cao cannot be eliminated" is another point put forward by "Wu Zhong". Cao Cao defeated the strong with weak in Guandu Battle , showing his strong military capabilities. In addition, he used the emperor to command the princes, and his power was so great that other princes could not reach. With Cao Cao's power at that time, it was obviously impossible to achieve his contributions in one battle. After Yuan Shao's failure, no one had such great capital to fight Cao Cao.
is not hostile to Cao Cao, and develops in Jiangdong, consolidates the territory, and follows the natural danger of the Yangtze River, and has the power to protect itself. It is obviously the best strategy for the development of Dongwu. When Cao Cao plots against Jiangdong, he can also unite other forces to resist Cao Cao through foreign policy. This concept is exactly the same as Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair", but the difference is that Zhuge Liang could clearly establish an alliance with the Eastern Wu at that time, but the "Wuzhong Pair" seven years ago did not have a clear goal.
above picture_ Zhuge Liang (181-234), the word Kongming
"Wu Zhonggong" proposed a specific feasible development strategy for Dongwu.
Consolidate the east of Jiangdong, seize Jingzhou, and then occupy Yizhou along the river, forming a confrontation along the north and south of the Yangtze River. This countermeasure is very similar to the "Longzhong Pair", and both propose development plans across Jing and Yi. Judging from the subsequent development of Liu Bei Group, there is obviously a possibility of actual implementation. Moreover, after Cao Cao's victory in Guandu, it was only a matter of time to unify the north. The living space of other princes was compressed, and the strategic locations of Jingzhou and Yizhou became even more important.
The strategy proposed by "Wu Zhong Gong" has a unique advantage over "Long Zhong Gong". One of the reasons why Shu Han declined from prosperity was that he did not handle the relationship between the main and secondary contradictions well, and there was a crack in the alliance with the Eastern Wu, causing the two sides to fight and consume national strength. Because he has always been guarding against Eastern Wu, Shu's troops have been divided into two parts, and Jingzhou and Yizhou are thousands of miles away, which is also one of the fundamental reasons for the decline of Shu.
above picture_Jingzhou county division map
and Dongwu will not have the above problems. Regarding the Jingzhou issue, the Eastern Wu side has better geographical advantages than Shu Han, and the strategic premise of "Wuzhong Pair" is to sort out the internal factors within Jiangdong. In other words, Jingzhou was the place of four battles against Shu. It is inconvenient to communicate with Jingzhou. Once the main force enters Sichuan, Jingzhou cannot be defended for a long time. However, Jingzhou is a strategic place where you can attack and retreat and defend against the Eastern Wu. The Eastern Wu occupied Jingzhou and would only strengthen its strength without any worries.
above picture_ Zhou Yu (175-210), the name Gongjin
Why is "Wu Zhong Gong" not as well as "Long Zhong Gong".
does not pay enough attention to ethnic issues.
In the 13th year of Jian'an, Sun Quan led Zhou Yu, Lu Meng, , Ganning and other generals to attack Jiangxia for the third time. This battle was finally successful, and Sun Quan successfully occupied Jiangxia and killed Huang Zu. But it is worth noting that the "Wu Zhong Gong" was proposed in the five years of Jian'an, and eight years have passed since then, and the extermination of Huang Zu was only the first step in the strategy.Why is the Soochow Group so procrastinating? So much so that he missed the best development opportunity, allowing Cao Cao to successfully unify the north and free up his hands to deal with the Eastern Wu.
The reason is that the internal instability of the Eastern Wu, and the ethnic minority distributed in the mountainous areas of Jiangnan - Shanyue , restrained the great energy of the Eastern Wu. As the saying goes, "If you fight against foreign countries, you must first settle the internal situation." The internal unstable Dongwu naturally has to solve internal problems first. However, the Shanyue tribe is numerous and is located in a mountainous area, so it is really difficult to quickly wipe out. It was not until the 11th year of Jian'an that the military operations against Shanyue came to an end.
above picture_ Eastern Wu territory
When Lu Su was planning for Eastern Wu, he only saw "the north is sincere and has many things", but ignored the unstable factors of Eastern Wu itself. In other words, Lu Su did not realize that ethnic minorities had such a great threat that they could not put forward targeted opinions when facing the Shanyue issue later, which delayed the process of the Eastern Wu unification of Jiangnan.
This is also where "Wuzhong's pair" is not as good as "Longzhong's pair". Longzhong obviously had a broader vision for proposing "harmony between the Rong in the west and pacifying Yi Yue in the south". It not only saw the strategic level problems, but also observed the ethnic issues from different angles. It can be said that Shu Han can solve the ethnic problems in the southwest region well, which is inseparable from the ethnic policy set by Zhuge Liang long ago.
above picture_ Liu Bei (161-223)
"Wu Zhong pair" implementation is not enough.
Why can "Longzhong Twin" be praised by future generations? Because except for the final result, almost all of its contents came true. Crossing Jingyi, capturing Hanzhong, east and Sun Quan, and north resisting Cao Cao, Liu Bei jumped from having no foundation to one of the three legs, which made people dazzled.
And in the content recorded in "Wu Zhong Pair", the "suppression of Huang Zu" alone lasted for eight years, and Jingzhou was only recaptured by Lu Meng in the 24th year of Jian'an (219 AD). At that time, the world's trend had already changed drastically, with three-legged stalemates, and the owner of Yizhou was no longer the weak Liu Zhang . Even many heroes of the world, including Lu Su, are no longer alive. The Eastern Wu has completed the first step of "Wu Zhong Gong" as if he was late, or it can be said that the strategy proposed by "Wu Zhong Gong" has completely failed.
above picture_Romance of the Three Kingdoms
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has brought Zhuge Liang and "Longzhong Pair" to a higher level.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" novels and TV series adapted are important ways for many people to understand the history of the Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong focuses on promoting a kind of idea of "respecting Liu" in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", so some characters in Shu were established very tall, while Lu Su was portrayed as an honest and dull character image. The result is that "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and "Longzhong Piao" have been written into legends that have been passed down through the ages, while "Wuzhong Piao" is unknown.
Author: Huang Xiaochai Correction/Editor: Lilith
Reference:
[1] "Three Kingdoms" Chen Shou
[2] "Lu Su and its_Jiangdong Pair" Zhang Yunjiang
[3] "A Brief Discussion on Lu Su's Power Scheming Thoughts" Shen Hua
[4] "Three Strategies of Lu Su and the Founding of the Soochow Wu" Zheng Peixin
[5] "Lu Su and Zhuge Liang_Who is More Smart" Yuan Nansheng
Text was created by the team of the History University Hall, and the picture is from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author
