After the outbreak of the national war of resistance in 1937, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached an agreement to start a second cooperation to jointly fight against Japan. The Red Army and guerrillas that insisted on guerrilla warfare in 13 guerrilla areas (except for Qiongya area in Guangdong Province) were adapted into the new Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army (hereinafter referred to as New Fourth Army ). Ye Ting was appointed commander, Xiang Ying was appointed deputy commander, Zhang Yunyi was appointed chief of staff, Yuan Guoping was appointed director of the political department, Zhou Zikun was appointed deputy chief of staff, and Deng Zihui was appointed deputy director of the political department.
At the beginning of the founding of the New Fourth Army, it had four detachments under its jurisdiction: the 1st Detachment was composed of the Red Army and guerrillas in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, Jiangxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, South Hunan , Chen Yi as the commander, Fu Qiutao as the deputy commander, and the 1st and 2nd Regiments;
The 2nd Detachment was composed of the Red Army and guerrillas in western Fujian, Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong and southern Zhejiang, Zhang Dingcheng as the commander, Tan Zhenlin as the deputy commander (Later Su Yu), and the 3rd and 4th Regiments;
The 3rd Detachment is composed of Northern Fujian , Eastern Fujian Red Army and Guerrillas. Zhang Yunyi is also the commander. Later, Tan Zhenlin is appointed as the deputy commander, and the 5th and 6th Regiments are under the jurisdiction of the 5th and 6th Regiments;
The 4th Detachment is composed of the Red 28th Army and the guerrillas in the Hubei-Henan and Anhui border. Gao Jingting, the political commissar of the Red 28th Army (no commander) is appointed as the commander, and the 7th, 8th, 9th Regiments and Pistol Regiments are under the jurisdiction of the 7th, 8th, 9th Regiments and Pistol Regiments;
In addition, there is a special battalion directly under the military headquarters, composed of the Red Army and Guerrillas in southern Hunan and central Fujian.
The commander of the New Fourth Army Ye Ting was already a non-party member at this time (After the Guangzhou Uprising ), he was an acceptable leader of both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. But the real leadership of the New Fourth Army lies in the hands of the New Fourth Army Branch of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee. Xiang Ying, secretary of the Southeast Branch of the CPC Central Committee (later changed to the Southeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee), also serves as secretary of the Military Branch.
In other words, the commander Ye Ting is just the nominal top leader of the New Fourth Army, and the real top leader is Xiang Ying, the deputy commander who also serves as the secretary of the Military Branch.
The four detachments under the New Fourth Army have a total of 10 regiments, the first three detachments each have two regiments, while the 4th detachment has 4 regiments, making it the strongest and best-equipped unit among the four detachments.
The commander of the 4th Detachment Gao Jingting at this time was higher than Su Yu, founding general Fu Qiutao and others, and the strength was stronger than Chen Yi, who was on par. This was undoubtedly the highlight of his life.
Gao Jingting is also the youngest commander of the detachment. He is only 30 years old and has a bright future. At that time, Chen Yi, commander of the 1st Detachment, was 36 years old, Zhang Dingcheng, commander of the 2nd Detachment, was 39 years old, and Zhang Yunyi, commander of the 3rd Detachment, was 45 years old.
If Gao Jingting did not make mistakes and could survive until the title was awarded after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he might be awarded the title of general, at least the rank of general.
many ifs, only ifs. History is sometimes used to sigh.
During the Red Army period, Gao Jingting was a famous general. He was born in 1907 and was from Dongjiadian (now Xinxian, Henan Province) in Guangshan County, Henan Province. He joined the revolution in 1928 and joined the party in 1929. He gradually grew up to be a staunch revolutionary in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border region.
In May 1931, after Zhang Guotao arrived at the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Border Region, Gao Jingting was appreciated by him and was promoted to the highest leadership of the Party, Government and Military in the base area. He served as a member of the Central Branch of the Communist Party of China, the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee, the Chairman of the Jiangsu Government of Hubei-Henan-Anhui Province, and the Director of the Political Department of the Red 25 Army.
Red Fourth Front Army and Red 25th Army successively left the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area, facing the enemy's crazy "encirclement and suppression", Gao Jingting was ordered to take the lead in establishing the Red 28th Army, serving as the political commissar of the army (the Red 28th Army has no commander), insisting on armed struggle, and constantly hurting the heavy troops of the Kuomintang who came to encircle and suppress, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to replace three commanders in a row, and the last commander-in-chief Wei Lihuang even offered a reward of 100,000 yuan to buy Gao Jingting's head!
. In three years of guerrilla warfare, Gao Jingting was in danger several times, and the Kuomintang used heavy money to induce him many times, but he was upright, steadfast and unyielding, and never wavered. He insisted on fighting against a strong enemy that was dozens of times more than he had, making the flag of the Dabie Mountains Party always fly.
In May 1938, the battle in Jiangjiahekou, Chao County, Anhui Province fired the first shot of the New Fourth Army going to the enemy behind to attack the Japanese invaders. This battle was fought by Gao Jingting commanded the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army.
The rivers in the Jiangjia River mouth are crisscrossing and reeds grow. The 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army set up an ambush here, and it took only about 20 minutes to kill 25 Japanese devils, seize 15 guns and some other spoils, while no officers and soldiers of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army were injured or killed.
On May 16, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to congratulate Ye Ting and Xiang Ying of the New Fourth Army: "The Fourth Detachment of the Youth Army made a surprise defeat of the enemy, which is very commendable. I hope to continue to work hard."
From the Battle of Jiangjiahekou to June 1939, the Fourth Detachment of the New Fourth Army, led by Gao Jingting, conducted more than 90 battles, killing and wounding more than 1,700 Japanese troops, becoming an anti-Japanese force, and making great contributions to the opening of the Central China base.
Gao Jingting also became a famous anti-Japanese general.
However, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Gao Jingting made mistakes repeatedly, and some of them were very serious.
He once rejected the political cadres sent by the central government to the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army and bargained with the central government.
Shortly after the establishment of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army, the Party Central Committee sent Zheng Weisan, who was one of the main leaders of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area, as deputy commander of the 4th Detachment (internal political commissar), and Xiao Wangdong-Hong Kong as director of the political department. As a result, Gao Jingting disagreed with Zheng Weisan's position in the 4th Detachment and even asked the Party Central Committee to replace Dai Jiying. As a result, the Party Central Committee had to succumb to Gao Jingting's request for the sake of the overall situation, and Zheng Weisan and Xiao Wangdong were transferred from the 4th Detachment. After Dai Jiying was sent to the 4th Detachment from Yan'an, Gao Jingting soon had a falling out with Dai Jiying again. Dai Jiying and Gao Jingting were both over-reversal bases in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base during the Red Army. He was afraid that Gao Jingting would get rid of him, so he fled from the 4th Detachment with a group of political cadres.
Disobeying military orders and boycotting the eastward advance was another serious mistake made by Gao Jingting.
The strategic task given to the New Fourth Army by the Party Central Committee is to advance eastward, but Gao Jingting and the 4th Detachment led by him are very resistant to this decision. The New Fourth Army Department sent Chief of Staff Zhang Yunyi to Jiangbei to push Gao Jingting's troops to advance eastward, but it was fruitless. At the end of April 1939, the commander of the New Fourth Army, Ye Ting, led the deputy director of the Army's Political Department, Deng Zihui, the chief of the Army's General Staff Lai Chuanzhu and others to cross the river from southern Anhui to do ideological work on Gao Jingting. Due to the general trend, Gao Jingting agreed to advance eastward. But when Ye Ting left and the troops began to move, Gao Jingting ordered the 7th and 9th Regiments to stop advancing eastward.
Gao Jingting’s problem is very complicated, and it also involves Chen Changhao and Zhang Guotao.
In the spring of 1937, before the defeat of Longxi, Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao went to Yan'an under the central order, but Chen Changhao despised the order and returned to his hometown in Hubei to visit relatives. During this period, he went to the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Border Region to find the former subordinates of the Red Fourth Front Army and sent a letter to Gao Jingting. This letter was later made known to the leaders of the Party Central Committee from other channels, and naturally was very unhappy.
In mid-April 1938, Zhang Guotao defected to the Kuomintang in Wuhan and sent letters everywhere to contact his old subordinates to rebel. Given that Gao Jingting was a cadre promoted from above to level after Zhang Guotao went to Hubei, Henan and Anhui, Dong Biwu, who had a very high prestige in Hubei, made a special trip to Shucheng in central Anhui to convey to Gao Jingting the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on expulsion of Zhang Guotao from the Party, and encouraged him to firmly stand and revolution to the end. Gao Jingting also expressed his desire to draw a clear line with Zhang Guotao, but this is undoubtedly one of the reasons why his superiors were worried about Gao Jingting. The defection of two capable generals under
made Gao Jingting's situation worse. The main force of the 4th Detachment is the 7th Regiment. The 7th Regiment's commander Yang Kezhi and the deputy commander (internal political commissar) Cao Yufu were originally the secretary and guard of Gao Jingting during the Red 28th Army. On May 20, 1939, Yang Kezhi and Cao Yufu joined two squads to join the Kuomintang Guangxi clan and issued an anti-communist statement in the Anhui Daily. This bad incident. At least it means that Gao Jingting was not strict in control of his subordinates, which made him look dirty.
In order to prevent Gao Jingting from following in the footsteps of Yang Kezhi and Cao Yufu and following Zhang Guotao's path, the Jiangbei Command of the New Fourth Army seized Gao Jingting in the name of a meeting on June 4 in the name of a meeting.
In late June, a three-day criticism trial meeting was held at the Qinglong Factory. Ye Ting, Zhang Yunyi and others spoke. Deng Zihui, deputy director of the Military Political Department, listed Gao Jingting's seven major crimes, including "anti-party, anti-central, anti-military department, violation of the united front, evading the war of resistance, corruption, and destroying fine traditions". Finally, he decided to expel him from the party and military .
Gao Jingting did not admit any of these crimes.
On June 24, 1939, Gao Jingting was executed by firing.
who approved the execution of Gao Jingting? It is still a mystery.
The Jiangbei Command Post and the New Fourth Army Headquarters should have asked the Party Central Committee of Yan'an and the Kuomintang authorities for instructions. Chiang Kai-shek sent a reply, "I asked Gao Jingting to be shot and taken away" - he of course was happy to see it. The Yan'an Party Central Committee replied: "Prepare some transitional measures for Gao, and take advantage of the current opportunity to send a capable cadre to the 4th detachment to work in the 4th detachment to help the 4th detachment transform and organize." As for Gao Jingting himself, the central government is preparing to transfer him to Yan'an to study.
Dai Jiying said in his later years: "It was the Party Central Committee who approved the shooting of Gao Jingting. Ye Ting personally read the telegram to me." Dai Jiying, a man who has done many evil deeds in the history of the party, and his words have no evidence to support them, which seems to be untrustworthy. More than 0 years later, Zheng Weisan said Gao Jingting's ending: "If he was sent to Yan'an, there would be no danger, but the transportation was inconvenient, so he decided to kill him. If he killed him, he would be sure to save those hundreds of cadres; if he didn't kill him, it would be dangerous if hundreds of cadres ran to the Kuomintang. There was not enough research at that time, and it would be better to lock up and educate him for a few years."
Gao Jingting did make a serious mistake, but he would not die. General Xu Haidong, who took over the position of commander of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army of Gao Jingting, later said: "It is extremely wrong to kill Gao. Comrade Gao Jingting insisted on three years of guerrilla warfare and carried the red flag of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area, which was a contribution. Although he had serious mistakes in the expansion of "anti-counter-counter-counter-revolutionary" and other aspects, this was a mistake in implementing the wrong line. His problems were mainly ideological issues, understanding issues, and by no means a counter-revolutionary issue."
1943, Zhou Junming, who was the leader of the 8th Regiment of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army, went to Yan'an Central Party School to study. Chairman Mao remembered Gao Jingting and asked, "Can he not beheaded?" Zhou Junming replied, "It should be possible."
In February 1952, Chairman Mao visited Anhui Central. Fu Dazhang, Secretary of the Anqing Prefectural Committee, said when reporting on his work: "Comrade Gao Jingting has a great influence here, and people of the ages still often mention him." Chairman Mao said in a low voice: "Gao Jingting should not be killed. The central government called for not killing it. If they didn't listen, they would still kill it." Before
was executed, Gao Jingting left such a last word: "Die is fearless to the Communists. My approach is correct. I am a Communist Party member and I want to die on the red carpet. Please transfer Comrade Shi Yuqing (Gao Jingting's lover) to the people to raise the children. I am a soldier loyal to the workers' and peasants' revolution!"
Gao Jingting's wife Shi Yuqing was an old Red Army who joined the revolution at the age of 15 and joined the party in 1931. She was born in 1916 and is from Jinzhai, Anhui. In October 1937, by Zhang Fu, secretary of the Shangnan County Party Committee of southern Shaanxi, Shi Yuqing and Gao Jingting became revolutionary partners. Getting married is very simple and there is nothing. The guard puts their backpacks in the same room and gets married.
The second year, that is, in 1938, they had their eldest daughter Gao Fenglan. Just when his second child was pregnant, Shi Yuqing encountered the misfortune of Gao Jingting being unjustly killed, he was charged with "counter-revolutionary family" and expelled from the party, and was detained for investigation.
In August 1939, two months after Gao Jingting was wrongly killed, their second child came to the world, and this is Gao Fengying.
After the long review, Shi Yuqing returned to the army. The New Fourth Army established the 5th Detachment (formed on the basis of the 8th Regiment of the 4th Detachment of the New Fourth Army), led by Commander Luo Binghui to advance eastward to the east of the Jinpu Railway of . Shi Yuqing also brought Feng Lan and Feng Ying with the team to Xuyi County, Jiangsu.
Shi Yuqing fostered her eldest daughter Fenglan in a commoner near Gucheng Street, and fostered her second daughter Fengying in the He family in Shidingzi Village, Xiejiagang, deep in the mountains.
In 1942, Shi Yuqing rejoined the party and became a cadre working in the civil movement, gradually growing into a regiment-level instructor. In March 1949, Shi Yuqing followed the large army to work from the northeast all the way south to Anhui's North Anhui Administrative Office.
1950, Shi Yuqing went to the ancient city of Xuyi to find the sisters Fenglan and Fengying. Unfortunately, a large-scale "epidemic cholera" occurred in Xuyi in the past few years. The family who adopted Fenglan were all infected with " cholera ", and the family of 8 and Fenglan were all killed.
The He family in Shidingzi Village, Xiejiagang, who adopted Fengying, raised Fengying very well.
Gao Fengying returned to her mother Shi Yuqing. It was only after she went to high school in 1958 that she learned the cause of her father's death. My mother had never told her before because she was afraid that she would hate the Communist Party if she knew the whole story.
After graduating from Wuhu Medical College, Gao Fengying has been engaged in medical work. Her husband Fang Zhengping is the son of the principal of the school when she was studying in Wuhu Medical College.
On November 10, 1975, Gao Fengying, who worked as a military doctor at the 105th Hospital of Anhui Province, wrote a letter to Chairman Mao, requesting the Party Central Committee to clarify the reason for his father's murder and to draw a conclusion.
At this time, 36 years have passed since Gao Jingting was wrongly killed. 20 days after receiving the letter, that is, on November 30, Chairman Mao, Director of the General Office of the Central Committee, asked Wang Dongxing, director of the Central Committee to investigate Gao Jingting's case and asked him to "report his daughter Gao Fengying with the result."
On April 27, 1977, the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army of China finally officially issued the "Notice on Rehabilitation of Comrade Gao Jingting". The notice pointed out: "After joining the revolution, Comrade Gao Jingting made contributions to the revolutionary struggle in Hubei, Henan and Anhui under the leadership of Chairman Mao's Party Central Committee. Although he made serious mistakes during his work in the Fourth Detachment, it is wrong to execute Comrade Gao Jingting. In accordance with the instructions of the great leader and mentor Chairman Mao, the Central Military Commission decided to rehabilitate Comrade Gao Jingting and restore his reputation."
Soon, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a special document, recognizing Gao Jingting as a revolutionary martyr.
Gao Jingting's rehabilitation has been under great resistance for a long time. Gao Fengying later said that if it weren't for Chairman Mao, no one would have been able to rehabilitate my father.
Before retirement, Gao Fengying served as the director of the ophthalmology department of Anhui Provincial Hospital 105 and enjoyed the treatment of a teacher. (Liu Jixing)
