In a blink of an eye, this year's flu season is coming again.
will usher in the high flu season every year in the beginning of winter (around October) and the beginning of spring (around March). The risk of influenza epidemic this year is higher than before, and there may be a risk of influenza and new coronary pneumonia combined with epidemics.
And we know that the best way to prevent influenza is to get influenza vaccine .
Usually recommended to start preparing before entering the flu season to vaccinate children with influenza.
Anyone with experience understands that it is difficult to get a shot of a vaccine, so make an appointment early and prepare early.
(Bao, it's time to get an injection)
So the question is, now everyone goes out wears a mask every day, do you still need to give your children a flu vaccine?
influenza vaccine is required every year? How old can a child be beaten? How to fight?
...
..
. Next, let Dr. Lin Jingying answer them one by one.
01 Should I vaccinate my child?
Let me tell you the conclusion first, I want it!
Influenza is different from the common cold. It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. The annual influenza epidemic season can cause millions of severe cases and about 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory disease-related deaths.
Children are susceptible to influenza. During the flu epidemic season, the incidence rate of influenza in children is about 20% to 30%. In some high-end seasons, the annual infection rate of influenza in children can be as high as about 50%.
Inoculation of influenza vaccine is the most effective means to prevent influenza . Both the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend routine influenza vaccination to prevent influenza in children. It is recommended that children and adolescents who are 16 months old or older can receive influenza vaccination every year as long as there are no contraindications.
02 What should I do if a child is afraid of getting an injection?
Influenza vaccines approved for marketing in my country include trivalent inactivated vaccine (IIV3), trivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV3) and tetravalent inactivated vaccine (IIV4) .
, where trivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV3) is a lyophilized preparation for , used in people aged 3-17: it is an intranasal spray vaccine, which can avoid needle prick pain during vaccination, and is also a good choice for children who are very resistant to injections.
nasal jet influenza vaccine currently only has trivalent, no tetravalent. is relatively more expensive and has more contraindications, but its safety is no different from other influenza vaccines.
It should be noted that nasal spray vaccine is not recommended for the following groups:
(1) 48 before vaccination Those who have taken influenza antiviral drugs at an hour;
(2) Children with asthma aged 2 to 4 years old;
(3) People who have immunocompromised due to medication, HIV infection and other reasons, or people who are congenital immunodeficient, or need to have close contact with severe immunodeficiency;
(4) Pregnant women and children and adolescents who use aspirin or salicylic acid drugs are also prohibited from vaccination with LAIV3;
(5) People with risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (transoral oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal , nasal cavity, ears, etc.) (such as the history of cochlear implantation, etc.), LAIV3 is prohibited.
(6) Use of anti-flu medications 48 hours before vaccination, or within 2 weeks after vaccination may affect the protective effect.
(7) If the child has severe rhinitis , is in the acute onset of rhinitis, or experiences nasal mucosa congestion, edema, etc., he should be temporarily postponed to receive the nasal spray influenza vaccine. You can wait until the symptoms improve before getting vaccinated, or directly choose to inject inactivated influenza vaccine. If nasal spray influenza vaccine is used, it is best not to use other intranasal administration preparations within 2 days after vaccination.
03 Can pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers be vaccinated?
Pregnant mothers and breastfeeding mothers can get influenza vaccination as long as there are no contraindications for influenza vaccination.
my country's guidelines recommend that pregnant women may be vaccinated with influenza vaccines for women who are pregnant during the flu season. Pregnant women can receive inactivated influenza vaccines at any stage of pregnancy.
But be careful, women are prohibited from getting live attenuated influenza vaccine during pregnancy.
04 Can I get vaccinated if I have allergies with eggs?
" Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2010, 2015 and 2020 versions) do not use egg allergies as a taboo for vaccination. The U.S. Immunization Advisory Committee has recommended that people allergic to eggs can also get influenza vaccines; because the eggs contained in the vaccine are very small in amounts and are unlikely to cause serious allergic reactions. When is the appropriate vaccination for
05?
In order to ensure that recipients receive immune protection before the high-influenza season, this year's new version of the "Guidelines" recommends that try to complete vaccination before the local flu epidemic season.
06 is trivalent or tetravalent?
Influenza vaccines that have been approved for marketing in my country can be divided into trivalent vaccines and tetravalent vaccines according to the components contained in the vaccine.
trivalent vaccine contains a line of A(H3N2) subtype, A(H1N1) subtype and B strain, and the tetravalent vaccine components include A(H3N2) subtype, A(H1N1) subtype and B Victoria series, and Yamagata series. There is no difference in the protection of
and tetravalent vaccines in the common vaccine components;
tetravalent vaccine adds a line of type B strain compared to trivalent vaccines, and has a wider protection range;
Although tetravalent than trivalent vaccines can prevent one more virus type than trivalent vaccine, if the vaccination time is only trivalent vaccine, then the trivalent one should be vaccinated, do not delay, is vaccinated as soon as possible and protect as soon as possible.
07 Get the children's vaccine or adult vaccine?
commonly referred to as "children's dosage form" refers to 0.25ml dosage form; "adult dosage form" refers to 0.5ml dosage form. Which type of vaccination for
should be selected according to the age of the child:
- .25ml dosage form trivalent inactivated vaccine and tetravalent inactivated vaccine, can be used for vaccination for people aged 6 to 35 months;
- h The trivalent inactivated vaccine and tetravalent inactivated vaccine in the tml10.5ml dosage form, can be used for vaccination in people ≥36 months of age;
- trivalent live attenuated vaccine is a lyophilized preparation, is intranasal spray vaccine , 0.2ml per dose, and can be used for people aged 3 to 17 years old. How many shots should I get inoculated with
08?
inactivated influenza vaccine:
① Children aged 6 months to 8 years old:
The first or the previous influenza vaccine is vaccinated for less than 2 doses, and 2 doses should be given, with an interval of ≥4 weeks;
Children who have received ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine should be given 1 dose.
② Children and adults aged ≥9: receive one dose.
Live attenuated influenza vaccine:
No matter what the vaccination history is, 1 dose will be given every year.
09 The first shot is vaccinated within 3 years old, and the second shot is the child who is over 3 years old?
If the child is vaccinated with the first dose of a child-type 0.25ml dosage form, and the second dose is over 3 years old, he needs to receive another shot and receive an adult-type vaccine over 3 years old (0.5ml dosage form). The trivalent vaccine that started to be vaccinated with
10, can it be replaced with a quadrivalent vaccine?
According to the recommendations of US CDCh, for older children or adults who only need to receive one dose of the vaccine, if they have received one dose of the trivalent vaccine, it is not recommended to receive another quadrivalent vaccine.
If you need to receive 2 doses of inoculation, you can change it to a quadrivalent, as long as the two doses are separated by 4 weeks. Can you choose different manufacturers of the first and second needles of
11?
It is recommended to use the vaccine from the same manufacturer for 2 shots; if it is really not satisfied, the second shot can be used from other manufacturers.
12 The child has already suffered from influenza. Do he still need to be vaccinated?
requires.
After getting an influenza epidemic season, it is entirely possible to get another influenza in a short period of time; and more than one influenza virus is spreading every year, and the influenza virus vaccine protects the type of virus predicted by WHO this year.
Therefore, even if the child has suffered from influenza, it is still recommended to vaccinate it to prevent other types of influenza viruses. What is the
13 vaccination procedure?
According to the technical guidelines for influenza vaccination in China, classification management should be carried out according to different groups of people during vaccination:
inactivated influenza vaccine:
① Children aged 6 months to 8 years old:
First vaccination or previous influenza vaccine is <2>
Children who have received ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine should be vaccinated 1 dose.
② Children and adults aged ≥9: receive one dose.
Live attenuated influenza vaccine:
No matter what the vaccination history is, 1 dose will be given every year.
vaccination method :
inactivated vaccine intramuscular injection , , among which, those older than 1 year old, the upper arm deltoid muscle is the first choice, and infants and young children aged 6 months to 1 year old can choose the anterior and lateral thigh; the vaccination of live attenuated vaccine uses intranasal spray method, and injection is strictly prohibited. How can
14 besides getting vaccinated, how can we prevent influenza?
Once again, influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza.
In addition to vaccination, some daily protective measures can also reduce the spread of influenza:
(1) Pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands frequently, and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with your hands;
(2) Good respiratory hygiene habits, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing;
(3) Ventilate frequently, change clothes frequently, and dry frequently;
(4) Try to avoid crowded and poor ventilation in the flu season;
(5) Wear a mask when necessary and change it in time;
(6) Eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, and have enough rest.
Okay, that's all for today's content. Remember to take your child to vaccinate~
References:
1. "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention of Influenza Vaccination in China (2022-2023)"
2.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/rr/rr6803a1.html?
3.WHO. Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2021-2022 northern hemisphere influenza season. February 2021
4.Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children,2021–2022
