Zhou Songfang
Chinese people pay attention to eating, even poor students; small restaurants near each side door of each university are one of the best topics of conversation when students get together many years later. When examining the history of studying abroad in , diet is indispensable, but in fact the materials are richest. In 2018, the author wrote "A Gentleman Close to the Kitchen: A Record of Overseas Students in the Republic of China", published in "Shanghai Book Review" on March 31. Since then, I still remember this and discovered more materials, which is even more interesting. Therefore, I will continue to talk about them from the three aspects of "partnership" and "cooperation". I hope readers can like it.
Cooking together, Wei Sheng
Cooking alone, not to mention when studying, it is not easy even after joining work. Many young couples are unhappy to cook even if they get married or live together, let alone being alone? Therefore, it is not common to cook alone, but it is common to cook together, and all kinds of anecdotes and interesting stories are seen.
In my opinion, the first thing we need to tell is the story of Huang Zhongsu, Chen Dengke and Li Huang having sex together. At present, the most accurate and detailed introduction to Huang Zhongsu is the "Shanghai Higher Education System Professors" edited by Zhang Delong ( East China Normal University Press 1988 edition, page 122): "Huang Zhongsu (1895-1975), Professor of English Language and Literature at East China Normal University . He is from Shucheng, Anhui. He organized the Chinese Youth Society with Li Dazhao and others in 1918. He joined the China Democratic Association in 1952. He graduated from the School of Literature of the University of Illinois in the United States in 1921, and obtained the Master of Literature from the University of Paris, France in August 1924. He was the editor-in-chief of "Youth China" and "Youth World", Wuchang Normal University, Nanjing Southeast University , professor at Daxia University and Guanghua University in Shanghai. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a professor at Guanghua University, professor at East China Normal University, and director of the Chinese Department Information Office. He is engaged in teaching history of world literature and modern English prose writing. He has written "Recitation Method", "Outline of Modern French Literature", "Chen Ji", "Tears of Music", etc. "The "Dictionary of Modern Chinese Literature" (Volume 1, Novel Volume, Guangxi People's Publishing House 1989 Edition, page 206) edited by Xu Naixiang introduces some of his resumes other than teaching: "(Formerly served as) Secretary of the Shanghai Special Municipal Government, Secretary of the Foreign Ministry of the Kuomintang Government, and Chief of the General Affairs Department of the General Affairs Department. He served as Consular of Melbourne in 1931."
The above introduction says that he graduated from the School of Literature of the University of Illinois, and may not be true. In his article "Student Life After I Come to Fa" on March 30, 1922 (Students, Volume 9, Issue 7, 1922), Huang Zhongsu said that he transferred from the University of Paris from the University of Chicago for less than three months, and his return to Fa was at the beginning of the year. He went to the University of Paris to register for study on February 1: "I went to meet Mr. Lu Luo, the head of the Literature Department of the University of Paris. Mr. Branot, who gave him a letter of introduction from the Director of the French Literature Department of the University of Illinois (now translated as Illinois) and a teacher of the French Literature Department of the University of Chicago. He talked with him for a while. He asked about the American university's very careful academic system. The result of the conversation immediately allowed me to join the Institute of Research of the University of Paris as a formal student (studying modern French literature). "Details on the meaning of the text, he transferred to the University of Chicago before he graduated from the University of Illinois, and then transferred to the University of Paris. He was probably because his degree of study was relatively high, and he could go directly to the institute to study; if he had graduated, he would not only bring an introduction letter without presenting his graduation diploma. However, his experience of attending the University of Chicago has been ignored by all the experts.
His life together was due to his dislike of the United States' "four copper-smelling cloths, despising alien species", and likes "artistic and assimilated Paris"; it was due to "the city life in Paris could not make me completely satisfied. I thought it was too lively and the cost of food and living was also very expensive, so I moved to the countryside on March 13. Where I live, the place name Chatillon is a town near Paris. There are trams and trains coming and going between towns every day, and the transportation is extremely convenient."More importantly, his friends Li Huang and Chen Dengke both lived nearby, and they rented a small kitchen with a complete stove and boiler, and were equipped with gas trachea. Cooking and cooking were extremely cheap, and they said that Li Huang's "cooking methods were extremely high", so "we had to save money and eat enough, so we implemented a group and self-catering"; each person used about 100 francs, and all the oil, salt, vegetables, rice, gas and kitchen rent were included, which was indeed cheap and cost-effective. In fact, he had already started cooking in the United States: "I didn't know how to make dishes. When I was studying in the United States last year, I studied occasionally with several classmates. At first, I had to walk and buy vegetables, wash dishes and cut meat, and later I could even make a few dishes on the stove. "Now I have no "place to use my skills" when I came to France, "but I have a good opportunity to learn Sichuan cuisine with Li Jun."
Li Huang, when attending the San Francisco Conference, "Arctic Pavilion" 1947 Issue 11, page 1
Paris is romantic and has little money. Another old friend of Sichuan, Li Jiren, recorded an example that happened to Huang Zhongsu: "For example, after eating in a restaurant, I went to the cabinet to report the bill and settle the money; and for example, Zeng Mu Han and Huang Zhongsu took the first-time car back to France from Germany, and were stripped off Lao Zeng's wallet on the road by pickpockets, and even the ticket was lost. The two of them were only 100 francs left. When they met the ticket checkers, a French worker, a Belgian playboy, forced him to borrow hundreds of francs to them, without even asking about their names. "("Li Ji Ren Talks about Paris", Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House, 2018 edition, page 109)
However, in his memoir, Li Huang mentioned self-catering, but did not mention him. Li Huang was also a member of the Chinese Youth Society. He arrived in France as early as February 5, 1919 to start his overseas student career. It happened that the Paris Peace Conference trend and week Taixuan organized the "Paris Communications Agency" to provide submissions to Shanghai News and other domestic newspapers, so he has the reputation of being one of the sources of the May Fourth Movement. As a result, his studies were delayed, so he first went to an agricultural school in Montargis, south of the suburbs of Paris (Ecole pratique d' Agriculture studied agriculture and recuperated. At the end of February 1920, he returned to the University of Paris and received a "Master of Arts degree from Saulpen (University of Paris) in the summer of 1924". During this period, in order to avoid the "entanglement" of his old classmate Li Shizeng (who was invited to pick up and drop off students who were working to France for the "Chinese Law Education Association", which delayed his studies and was "reported" by Hu Zhengzhi to his uncle, father-in-law Wang Shujun, who was then the deputy director of the Ministry of Education), he stayed away from Bailiye for a year. In the summer of 1922, because his elder sister Li Qi came to study painting, he found a job in the Latin Quarter of Paris. The hotel suite with bathrooms, tap water and cooking facilities that are rare in the room are of course one-third or even twice as expensive as ordinary suites. Such good self-catering conditions and good family economic conditions are naturally full of customers. "The regular customers are Xu Beihong, Jiang Biwei, , Chen Dengke, Zhou Taixuan, Li Jieren, Chen Hong, and Chang Yu, who loves French literature and art, but they do not have the same hobby and specializes in literature and art. Regarding his family economic conditions, he once said relaxed and proudly: "My family sends money to me on time. At that time, France was cheap, and one ocean could get fifteen or sixteen francs. In Paris, students had four to five hundred francs a month, so I could live a long way. The total amount of ocean was only 40 yuan, which made me feel very at ease. "(Memoirs of Xue Du Room" Chapter 3 "Life in Studying in France" [1919-1924], Hong Kong Ming Pao Monthly Series, 1979 edition, pages 57-73) In this way, if we believe Huang Zhongsu's rhetoric, it will be considered as providing a new historical material for the study of Li Huang and Chen Dengke.
Huang Zhongxiu, who went to France, did not learn how to cook, could only continue to wash dishes. Pan Chuji, who stayed in the United States, trained a cooking skill similar to that of Li Huang in Huang Zhongsu's writings by cooking together. In fact, his cooking skills are also the result of "making heroes in the times", because after the Great Depression of 1929-1933, it was difficult for international students to study in work, and they cook together, which can be said to be one of the disguised methods of work reading: "In terms of cooking, there are quite a few students who are responsible for it. It is the recent survey, and there are as many as six or seven groups.It accounts for more than one-third of the total number of students (the University of Mississippi has 80 Chinese students). "These six or seven groups of people, of course, include himself: "I wait for the seven people to cook together, each serving for two days every two weeks, and the time spent is less than when I go to a restaurant to eat. Food costs are extremely cheap because they buy in large quantities and are familiar with the market conditions. In the last spring of last year, five yuan per month was enough. Now, due to the slightly higher prices, it is about six yuan per month. The beautiful taste and rich quantity are far better than those in restaurants. I can cook more than 60 kinds of dishes, such as steamed chicken, braised chicken, spicy chicken, double-cooked pork, eight-treasure rice, vinegar-rolled braised bones, and fried shredded pork with loach fish are all "famous dishes". Not only are Chinese classmates well-known, but several professors and American groups are also lucky to have tasted their "Real Chinese Dish". "("Life in the United States", "Fudan Alumni Association Journal" Volume 3, No. 5, pp. 3-5) If you can learn such skills, even if you fail to succeed in your studies, your career will be successful!
1921 summer, Xu Beihong and his wife "escape" from Paris because of their slew of lieutenant generals, not only can they survive the plunge of the German Mark, but also met Zhang Yunkai (named Jicai, formerly governor of Guangdong, Guangxi and Liangjiang Zhang Renjun4) special care, rented a studio with a bedroom and a kitchen (with a gas stove) for them. In this way, the members of the Tengou Club established in Paris in August, such as Chang Yu, Sun Peicang, , Xie Shoukang, and others, who were also "escaped from Germany", especially "Mr. Xie Shoukang, always likes cooking. He took a fancy to our gas stove. As soon as he suggested, we organized a small food group and started cooking by ourselves. The partners are Mr. Xie, Mr. Xu, Sun Peicang, Chang Yu and me. Mr. Xie and me are responsible for cooking. Mr. Xu and Mr. Sun Wash the dishes and do odd jobs." The artist's temperament is not content with self-catering, so "this food group will be disbanded if it doesn't last long." ("Me and Beihong: Memoirs of Jiang Biwei", Yuelu Bookstore, 1986 edition, pages 72 and 76)
Photography by the painter Xu Beihong Jun in France "School Life" Issue 2, 1930, 28 pages
In the United States, it is really normal for international students to cook together. Mr. He Lian was "treated a lesson" as soon as he arrived in the United States in 1918; at that time, his classmate from Yali School in Changsha came to San Francisco to pick up the boat and took him to Berkeley to visit: "We arrived at the house where Mr. Chen lived with some other Chinese students, and they took turns cooking. Alas, although I was born in an ordinary family, I have never cooked food, and my father has never done it. This kind of work is definitely done by women. But every young man had to take turns cooking there. "It was Chen Hansheng's turn to cook on this day," he talked to us while cooking, but the rice burned. Obviously, he felt very embarrassed, so he apologized to the Chinese students and said that he would pay for everything." (Memoirs of He Lian, China Literature and History Press, 1988 edition, page 22)
If Zhu Xiang had been willing to live in the Chinese student dormitory "Chinese Student Union" created by overseas Chinese for Chinese students like Pan Dakui at Stanford University , the two lived in the best house together, with a monthly rent of only 8 yuan, and then they would have a joint meal, which would be enough to spend 15 to 20 yuan per month. Together, the monthly fee of 80 yuan was less than half of the 80 yuan per month. They could send a lot of money back to China to help their wives and children, and they could also learn a great skill. Like Pan Dakui, they "become a famous Sichuan chef, and their specialty is the cooked meat and red. "Baked pork and fried noodles," then he would never be unable to survive after returning to China and was forced to live with the fish in the Yangtze River. ("Ninety Years of Storm: Memoirs of Pan Dakui", Chengdu Publishing House, 1992 edition, pages 63-64)
Mr. Guan Demao transferred from Munich to Dresden Higher Industrial School in 1931, and joined the Balkan Student Union to help them translate Chinese documents and earn royalties. In addition, the remuneration for serving as a Chinese lecturer and the original public fund for studying abroad and family support, the total was no less than 300 to 400 marks. He no longer had the food on campus, but cooked Chinese food with several Chinese classmates, "from then on, there was no longer any concern for 'malnutrition'." It also left behind rare historical materials for self-catering for German students, even if they were vague.(Shen Yunlong and Zhang Pengyuan's "Records of Visits by Mr. Guan Demao", Jiuzhou Publishing House 2012 edition, page 19)
Former Deputy Director of Guangdong Museum of Literature and History Wei Zhongtian was probably the most satisfied with his self-catering life in Japan in his early years. Not only was he written as "Self-Cooking Talks: One of the Snippets of Life in Japan" published in the newspaper ("Shen Bao" November 15, 1934, 17th edition), but later he also remembered this in his memory article. In "Self-Cooking Talk", he said that he and three Waseda University students who lived in the same room (dormitory) decided to cook together, and held a food meeting in a serious manner and made the following resolutions: (1) Each person takes out nine yuan a month for the funding, and if it is not enough, it will be increased as appropriate; (2) Four people are divided into two groups, and one group of people manages the work of buying vegetables, washing rice, cooking, washing dishes, etc. every day; (3) Lunch is 11 a.m. and dinner is 6 a.m.; (4) You cannot buy the dishes you like to eat. After a week of self-catering, I wrote this article and also wrote about some interesting things about cooking. For example, Mambo boasted that she had cooked nine-monthly rice when she was in Changsha and was able to cook very well. "But the facts tell us that the dishes she cooked were the least delicious, and she often cooked the beef like a piece of cloth." But no matter what, it is much better than the outside room, and there are only a lot of free meals, including the famous movie star Wang Ying. After she ate it, she sighed and said with great emotion: "I eat the unpleasant Japanese dishes every day, which is very bitter. I feel like I am in a foreign country every day. After eating this dish tonight, I feel like I am in China." In fact, we know from his later memoirs that Mambona was already famous at the time, Xie Bingying, and he was also a classmate in the Department of Literature of Shanghai University of Arts. At that time, the pseudonym Xie Bin lived with him in a student accommodation called "Middle East Wild Taoyuan Pavilion". I also recalled the day Wang Ying came to have dinner, "I remember that each person added 2 cents of dishes, which was already very rich, and everyone was very happy to eat." Low prices and good things may be the biggest reason to be happy. He wrote a living first, and the manuscript fee was three yuan per thousand words, while their monthly meal expenses were only September, which means that three thousand words of articles could be eaten for one month. It is unimaginable today. (Wei Zhongtian's "Snippet Memories of My Life in Japan", "Search for Shandong Literature and Historical Materials" Volume 33 "Study Abroad Life", Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1, 1, 1, 1, pp. 301-302)
Cooperation and mutual assistance, and we will overcome difficulties together
self-catering together. It sounds pretty, but in fact it still has some "thresholds". Comparing the following cooperative meals, you will understand.
Qin Xican went to in 1947 to study for a doctorate degree from Northwestern University in the United States. The funding was very limited. The breakfast was in the dormitory restaurant. I ate the lowest-priced monthly meal prepayment and a regular "meal" that was paid for the monthly meals, so I couldn't think about it. In order to save money for lunch, they organized a "lunch mutual aid group" and paid the monthly meal fee every month, but it was not a joint self-catering. Instead, students took turns purchasing ready-to-eat food and were responsible for pre-meal preparation and post-meal cleaning and sorting. This was more cost-effective and time-saving than going to a restaurant to eat. However, they still only ate one to two "hot dogs" for each meal, and then put a few slices of lettuce leaves and a cup of coffee, which is truly the "cheapest lunch". What is interesting is that some of the students who participated in the mutual aid group were half-working and half-study, but "some are children from upper-class families. They are all frugal and proud of themselves." (Qin Xican's "Study and Life in the United States", "Search and Life in Shandong Literature and History Materials" Volume 33 "Study and Life in the Country", Shandong People's Publishing House, 1992 edition, pages 114-115)
Mo Ye Professor in the fall of 1947 was sent to the University of Washington, USA to study at the University of Washington in the United States. He went through the process of cooperation to self-catering. Because the economic conditions were limited at first, he could only live in a room of $15 per month for several people to share. Naturally, the food was also attended by the mutual aid association, and the food was taken and washed by himself, so the cost was naturally less.However, American-style food, the staple food is bread, plus potatoes, and the side food only has three flavors: salty, sweet and sour. The dishes lack umami flavor and are not suitable for their appetite. They will get a research bonus, especially in the spring of 1950, when they were hired as a teaching staff member of the BGI Department, with a salary of US$367 per month, so they started living in a single room with a monthly rent of US$20 per month. Of course, they started using electric stoves to make delicious and cheap rice, but the dishes are basically American, such as canned food, plus simple vegetables and eggs. For breakfast, they usually eat a plate of ham fried eggs in nearby stores and drink some milk, because most landlords with better conditions do not like you to make dishes with smoky. (Mo Ye's "Studying to Become a Serve the Country, Wandering Sons Love Hometown", "Search for History and Materials of Shandong", "Study Abroad Life", Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1, 1, 1st edition, pages 77-78)
As for international students like Wen Yiduo, who are too artist-like, relying on the "high" public expenses of 80 yuan, they are neither suitable nor cooperative, but because they spend a lot of money on buying books, they can't afford to go to restaurants and can't forget the taste of homesickness, and they can't do it at first? "Cooking dumplings in a teapot" also: "It is common to make tea in a dormitory with a fire-fried wine stove. Can you still become a Chinese without drinking tea? Sometimes, you cook several eggs in the fun, and the scope gradually expands. Once, you even cook dumplings." But this cooking method, just like when we were in the dormitory when we were in graduate school, often caused management intervention and even confiscating the tools for "conducting crimes", also caused dissatisfaction among American managers. Fortunately, the American stomach is easily "bribed" by Chinese flavor - "After the dumplings are cooked, he gave him a bowl of dumplings to try, and he was smiling and said nothing." But in this nervousness, "Yiduo once knocked over a fire-wine stove and burned a lock of his hair in panic", which was quite enough to relieve his chin. ( Liang Shiqiu "Talking about Wen Yiduo", published in "The Free Me: Reminiscing of the Literary World of the Republic of China", Yuelu Bookstore, 2017 edition, page 168)
are also artists, Lin Fengmian and Lin Wenzheng and Li Jinfa are also from Meizhou, Guangdong. Although many small restaurants in Paris sell fixed food, namely "bread rice", usually one soup and one fish are a little bit of heart, bread is unlimited, and one quarter of a bottle of red wine is also supplied. A meal costs only three francs and seventy-five diced rice, which is equivalent to two and a half cents of Chinese legal currency at that time. It is convenient and economical, but on the one hand, they still think it is expensive, and on the other hand, they think it is not tasty enough, "so they cook. This saves some money, but it takes a lot of time." When you can’t afford time and money, “just chew dry bread, add some salt to the onion and make the dish.” (Shengchen "The Legend of Lin Fengmian", Zhonghua Book Company 2016 edition, page 25)
Sculptor Li Jinfajun and his wife's small shadow "Picture Times" Issue 271, 1925, page 2
In order to accommodate the Chinese stomach, another representative figure of "cooking dumplings in a teapot" is the famous Dong Zuobin . Mr. Dong Zuobin was invited to visit the United States for two years in 1946, and his workplace was at the University of Chicago. At that time, he had long been a researcher at the Institute of History and Language, one of the famous "Four Classes", and was named the first academician of the "Central Academy of Sciences" when he returned to China. Of course, he was not young, and he was already fifty years old, so he was not used to Western food, especially American Western food. So in 1947, Professor Qian Cunxun met with Mr. Dong Zuobin at the Oriental College for the first time when he was hired by the University of Chicago Far East Library. "I saw him holding a teapot, which was very cool. His office was next to the same building. He came here to work at 10 o'clock in the morning. He was not used to American food, so he cooked both lunch and evening meals in the office, and returned to his apartment to rest at 10 o'clock in the evening." Although Mr. Qian did not specify, the teapot was obviously used to cook dumplings - how to live by just cooking tea? What can I cook without cooking dumplings? It is also because of Mr. Dong that you can cook like this in the office, otherwise you can still be "vulgar" like Mr. Wen Yiduo! (Qian Cunxun's "Miscellaneous Memories of Studying in the United States: A Review of American Life Over the Over the past 60 Years", Huangshan Bookstore, 2008 edition, pages 27-28)
Some international students can't even cook the simplest self-cooking - boiling tea and peeling an egg. They also have to rely on cooperation to get enough food. This is the lowest level but also the most effective self-cooking.For example, when Mr. Xia Nai lived in the UK, he rented a private house with his classmates and provided breakfast as usual, and lunch and dinner were resolved in school or off-campus restaurants. One day, the landlord said that he had a cold and couldn't get up to make breakfast, so they made it themselves, bought a few snacks, cooked a pot of tea, and ate a few eggs. But when frying eggs, I went through a lot of trouble: "Poor Xiao Chen didn't know how to break the raw chicken eggs. He touched the table with the tip as if he had broken the cooked chicken eggs. When I was young, I helped my mother. I went to the street to buy soy sauce and vinegar, and hit the raw chicken eggs in the kitchen. I had some experience, so I told him to cut off his waist and hit it." So "The work was done"! (Volume 2 of "Xia Nai's Diary", East China Normal University Press, 2011 edition, page 87, January 2, 1937)
This kind of meal was made by several roommates in the dormitory. Hu Shi also tried several times while studying at Cornell University :
February 4, 1911: I cooked chicken and pasta with you at night.
August 20, 1911: I cooked my own dishes with Wei and Li, cooked chicken and roasted meat, and ate them.
8-31, 1911: In the morning, I arrived at Wang Yiqi's place and ate it with me for lunch. (" Hu Shi's Diary Complete " Volume 1, Anhui Education Press 2001 edition, pages 65, 128, 131)
Joint-hired female chef and wife chef
Recently, the most Chinese students studying in Japan have also had the most food and accommodation records - not only are there a large number of Chinese restaurants opened by Chinese people - Chinese cuisine, but many Japanese people also have Chinese food and food. In restaurants, self-catering and self-catering are also very simple. "Gentleman Near the Kitchen: Record of Overseas Self-Cooking for Overseas Students in the Republic of China" has already mentioned that "most of the international students in Tokyo have four or five people. They hired a Japanese woman to teach her how to cook. The salary is very cheap, so on average, each person per month, only thirteen or fourteen yuan can eat better Chinese food." This is a rare and humane good material, and it is a really good way. The author also believes that it is true. (Advisor "Diet Issues of Japanese Students", Photographer, Volume 10, No. 9, 1934, page 25) Japan has become increasingly stronger in modern times, especially after embarking on the road of militarism. But this kind of strength is based on the suffering of the people, especially Japanese women, both in Shanghai and Nanyang, and there are a large number of people engaged in diet, especially romantic services, because they do not have equal personal and work rights at all. What should I do if I give up this? It is also a good opportunity to be able to earn some money for international students in weak countries. It is also a good choice to marry Chinese students. After all, those who can study abroad are not ordinary people; in the following section, the author will describe it in another special article.
However, in Europe and the United States, except for working-study to help foreigners, how can a female chef have the share? When a wife or a girl is a chef, she will meet her when she is a chef. The author has already described it in the previous article, and then gave a few more examples. The leader is the one who is the one who is the one who is the wife of Zhao Yuanren . She has already described it a lot in the past, and she herself has also described it. Let me give you one example. At the end of 1934, after attending the Pacific Conference, Pu Xuefeng wanted to visit Harvard again, and made an appointment with the , Wu Wenzao, who was in the United States, and asked Hu Shizhi to book a room on his behalf. After arriving, I found that Jiang Menglin was also here. Such a big shot is naturally welcomed by the Zhao family, so I often "had a meal at Mr. Yuan Ren's house". Of course, I would like to praise "Mrs. Zhao is hospitable, and recently wrote a recipe in English, detailing how to cook it, and it will be published soon after I smell it. Therefore, everyone said that it is a great pleasure to have a meal in the residence of a writer and an expert." ("Memoirs of Pu Xuefeng·Chinese", Huangshan Bookstore, 2009 edition, pages 278-279)
In Europe, the young master Xu Zhimo transferred from the United States to study in England in 1920. His wife, Zhang Youyi, also came to reunite, which is actually equivalent to serving, and cooked Shanghai dishes for him every day; of course, the son of the richest man in Shijing rented a large house, but at this time he was already in Lin Huiyin. In order to avoid being alone with big eyes, he also needed to "add ingredients" to his wife's taste, so he asked to leave the study room to invite Guo Yushang to live in and share. I believe that there are many other international students who have shared Zhang Youyi's wife's taste. (Zhang Bangmei's "Little Feet and Suit", CITIC Publishing House, 2016 edition, page 128)
Xia Nai's diary of studying in Britain, his wife's tastes were written many times.For example, on September 11, 1935, I went to Zhou Jianbei with Tan Jifu to play bridge with Zhou Jianbei. I played until twelve o'clock. When Zeng Xianpu came, I went to Zhou's rental house and cooked together. "I heard that five people only cost three or four shillings. I really regret that I had never learned some cooking before, which saved money and suited my appetite." "I heard that his wife would come to Ying to accompany her the day after tomorrow and rented two houses, which were only 25 shillings in total." She would have a better wife taste, and she was even more envious! And how cheap is it? Look at him and Chen Fengshu, Tan Jifu, Zhou Jianbei and his wife (Zhou’s wife arrived in the UK on the 23rd), and Zeng Zhaoyi ate Chinese food in the famous Shundonglou. He used a total of 35 shillings, with an average of 5 shillings per capita, which is less than one shilling per capita compared to the self-catering person, and the cheaper level is obvious. (The first volume of "Xia Nai Diary", East China Normal University Press, 2011 edition, pages 359 and 368)
Another lady from Xia Nai saw in the diary of Xia Nai, who felt moved by the taste of Li Taihua, who later served as the director of the Department of Sociology of Central University and the Director of Education of Shandong Province. On November 15, 1936, he and Xia Nai and others finished their supper at Wu Jinding and talked about eleven o'clock when they came out, and they made a big "fallacy" saying, "No one of the wives of classmates who stayed in the UK can cook good dishes; he said that after returning to the country in the future, women must be encouraged to pay attention to cooking." ("Diary of Xia Nai", 2011 edition of East China Normal University Press, page 70) Wu Jinding is the soccer of Mr. Li Ji. In 1930, after graduating from Tsinghua National Studies Research Institute , he entered the Institute of History and Language of the Central Academy of Research Institute, participated in the excavation of Anyang Yinxu and others. In 1933, he was sent by the Shandong Provincial Government to study in the UK. They were already thirty-five years old when they had a dinner in 1936. It was possible to have a wife and cook together. In this way, Li Taihua's remarks were also targeted. (Biography of Mr. Li Jinding, Chinese Archaeology, Volume 4, 1949, pages 1-5)
From Wu Jinding's teacher, Mr. Li Ji, was invited to give lectures in the UK at the end of 1936. He arrived in London on January 20, 1937 and rented a three and a half shillings (near the marble arch) a weekly rented an apartment with a small kitchen. "Mrs. Wu is cooked every day, and Ms. Zeng is cooked for dinner." Mrs. Wu immediately became Wu Jinding's wife. The disciple (maid) was convinced of his work. There are also many "Mr. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mr. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. Ng and Mrs. N
On April 2, 1937, the diary also read: "With Mr. Li, he went to the University College, met with Professor Granville, and looked at the exhibitions in the museum... Returning to the Royal Hills, Ms. Yu, who calls herself a screw spirit, came to cook." Ms. Yu should be Yu Dazhi, Yu Dawei's sister, Zeng Zhaolun's wife, and Zeng Zhaoyuan's sister-in-law. (Volume 2 of "Xia Nai's Diary", East China Normal University Press, 2011 edition, pages 90, 99, 102) Those who are familiar with Chinese folk literature and art claim to be screw masters, which is about cooking. A temporary combination of wife's kitchen (not a wife's chef) formed by Mr. Li Ji's lectures has a unique flavor. In this temporary wife's kitchen, Li Taihua seemed to have no way to taste the taste, and Yiqi sighed.
In fact, what is more screw-like and more masculine is Yu Dazhi's "talk" after dinner: she said that once in Germany, several people were traveling to the lake together, and someone used the syntax of "The Scholars", saying "Zhao Yuanren is elegant", "Xu Zhimo's literary talent", " Chen Yinke is stupid", "Luo Zhixi looks strange". He also said that once Yu Dawei treated him, Chen Yinke begged the person who was seating not to rank him next to the woman; the Maozi water has been left for more than ten years, and he still has a lot of local accent. People sent him a Tang poem, "I left home and returned to my eldest son at a young age, but my local accent has not changed, but my hair has faded."It is also said that Zeng Zhaolun is one of the three major monsters in the middle school. When he was teaching at Peking University, he always walked in class. He was nicknamed "Uncle Run" by the foreign coachman at the door. He was placed in a laboratory drawer and a large piece of it was peeled off by acid. When he saw stones, he always kicked them with his feet. Some people saw him kicking stones all the way from Peking University to his home. He gave the questions for the Chinese and British Boxer Constitutions, and the question paper was sealed with fire paint. On the same street not far from his home, he still forced his family to send them to the post office to send them, and he also had to register for insurance. When it rained, he hung the raincoat in his hand and waved the umbrella to play. It is also said that Chen Hengzhe is a leader in the female world and asks people to call her "Ms. Chen" and is unhappy to be called "Ms. Ren". But she is a very annoying person. Some people say she was spoiled by Hu Shizhi's Spoilt. She often told people that Hu Shizhi would not like to ask about this wife Jiang Dongxiu, and this wife has long been the Minister to the United States. Once she chatted with her own sister, Mrs. Yu Shangyuan, that Mrs. Hu was a third-class wife. Mrs. Yu asked how much a wife like myself should be. Chen Da should be included in the fourth-class, and the two sisters have since turned against each other. She also ridiculed [Mrs. Yu] whose meal your husband had, Yu Shangyuan resigned from the position of the Chinese Culture Foundation Committee because of this. When he was in Sichuan, he was scolded by Sichuan people for "Two Clouds" and published a booklet saying that she wanted to be Hu Shizhi's wife, but Hu didn't want it. Chen claimed that the method of training children was very good, and that the old mothers in Sichuan were all thieves. When cleaning the house, they sent children to monitor each other. The children carried keys around them, and locked the door after cleaning. He also said: Wu Wenzao's future was ruined by Xie Bingxin, and he could only teach in college throughout his life. (Volume 2 of "Xia Nai's Diary", East China Normal University Press, 2011 edition, page 102) It's really lively and fragrant, and the saliva flows dry!
mentioned earlier that Berlin Embassy Agency (Ambassador Yan Huiqing returned to China for some reason) Zhang Jicai, because he was a son of a wealthy family, and had a great show in Berlin. He brought a wife, a concubine, a son and a daughter. His wife was also good at cooking soup, so he was naturally a guest: "Some friends who often went to the Zhang family at that time were Zhu Liuxian, Huang Boqiao, Meng Xinru, and Huang Yingbai, and at one time Huang Yingbai, as well as two sons of Hu Shize (at that time, the second-class secretary of the embassy), Tan Boyu, Shen Yi, Zeng Chuiqi, and Yang Du, and other gentlemen." ("Me and Beihong: Memoirs of Jiang Biwei", Yuelu Bookstore, 1986 edition, pages 72 and 76) Only a few international students can taste this kind of wife's taste, which is very elegant. As for "Mr. Xue (Xianzhou) is patriotic and studious, and is very frugal. He studies abroad with his niece Ms. Wei Zengying. He often buys vegetables and cooks himself in the landlord's kitchen" ("Cai Yuanpei's Self-Report", Zhonghua Book Company 2015 edition, page 53), he is also very elegant.
In November 1945, He Bingdi went to Columbia University in the United States to study abroad with the first place in the Boxer Prize study abroad exam (ten tens of his classmates at Southwest Associated University) to study abroad. In December 1946, his wife Shao Jingluo came to accompany her from Shanghai. The "Madam Taste" began from then on and left many good stories. First of all, Shao Jingluo was born into a famous family in Shaoxing and was awarded the position of Southwest Associated University. Her father, Shao Wenrong, and Shao Lizi, studied railway engineering in Hokkaido Sapporo in his early years. He worked as a Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway Engineer, and later ran the cotton industry in Dongtai, North Jiangsu, and was a friend of Lu Xun. Her eldest sister, Shao Jingyuan, is also a graduate and teacher at Tsinghua University, and his eldest brother-in-law Wang Zunming also graduated from Tsinghua University and later obtained a doctorate degree from MIT; his second sister, Shao Jinglian, studied in Japan as a Chinese painter; his younger sister, Shao Jingwei, also graduated from Southwest Associated University. He is truly a famous family with a wealthy family. Of course, the He Bingdi family is not simple. His cousin, Mr. He Bingsong, was the first person to return to China in the United States. He has long served as the director, assistant director of the Compilation Office of Commercial Press and President of Jinan University. His cousin, Mr. He Dekui, was elected as the representative of Chinese students studying in the United States in the United States and Beijing together with Mr. Jiang Tingfu . Later, he served as the "China General Office" of the British and American Public Concession Work Department Bureau. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the deputy mayor of Shanghai. Especially in terms of food, he may be more particular than Shao Jingluo, because he was the only son born when his father was 48 years old. He was favored since childhood. He attended the gathering of nobles at the age of six. He not only asked him to taste the dishes, but also asked him to attend the banquet, the scene, the history and culture contained in the dishes.This kind of attention is reflected in his speech back to his hometown in 1986. He stayed at Jinhua Guomao Hotel and commented on the dishes that the chefs had shown their unique skills, which was very memorable: For example, how can the Jinhua soup dumplings be used for seasonings? You must use vinegar and shredded ginger, and cut it horizontally along the ginger pattern; you believe that the honey-sauce fire recipe composed of ham, Xuanlian, and candied dates is the best product of Jinhua ham dishes... (Fang Jingcheng "Listen to He Bingdi", "Jiangnan" No. 6, 2012) With this background, Shao Jingluo's wife will never have a bad taste. In the spring of 1947, Professor Wang Xinzhong, who visited the United States, returned to Tsinghua University and handed them over the living room, kitchen and bathroom apartments of No. 312, 107 Street, to them. They received many past classmates here, especially in the summer of that year, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhiwei and four other students visited from the University of Chicago . When Xu Jingluo was preparing carefully, Li Zhiwei shouted as soon as he entered the door: "Yang Zhenning, when he arrived in Chicago, he asked how to apply for the Nobel Prize." The most beautiful story in front of the meeting. Later, Tsinghua old friends Lu Jiaju and Wang Yuanzhen also came to New York to study for their degrees, and they even lived a "happy life" with four people together. (He Bingdi's "Sixty Years of Reading History and Reading the World", Guangxi Normal University Press, 2005 edition, pages 205-207)
Self-cooking is better, and cooking together is better. Some international students are very moved because they can't find a partner for cooking:
A Chinese classmate told me a very humorous sentence: "Before we Chinese students come to the United States, most of them must have learned the ability to cook, and went back." After hearing this, I found it very funny and thought it was a joke. Later, I gradually realized that there were many Chinese classmates who cooked their own meals, especially a few who lived together, so I could work together. Because cooking by myself not only saves money (each person costs at least 80 cents a day on weekdays, but it is only about 40 cents a day for oneself. I have been tired of eating bread every day and I miss Chinese rice very much, so I also learned to cook two months after I arrived in the United States.
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But I am the only Chinese. No one is working with me, and it is monotonous and time-consuming. So I still live with toast, milk, cereals, etc. at noon. It is easy and quick to get it. At night, I feel comfortable and come to try cooking Chinese rice... There are many female students nowadays who don’t know how to cook, and they are ashamed of cooking. It is a big failure of education. (Zhang Wenchang, "Learn to Cook", "Youth Weekly" Issue 34, 1938)
Editor: Peng Shanshan
Proofreading: Zhang Liangliang
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