Source: [Shenzhen Health Commission] After Chongqing reported the first imported monkeypox case in mainland China on September 16, on September 19, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said on his personal Weibo that there will

Source: [Shenzhen Health Commission]

After Chongqing reported the first imported monkeypox case in mainland China on September 16, on September 19, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said on his personal Weibo that will not have monkeypox epidemic in mainland China in the near future, but the possibility of sporadic cases is still relatively high.

The full text is as follows:

After Chongqing reported the first imported monkeypox case in mainland China on September 16, everyone is very concerned about the trend of the monkeypox epidemic and prevention methods. Now, we will introduce the issues that everyone is concerned about.

01

Recent trend of monkeypox epidemic

0Europe and the United States have reported the largest number of monkeypox cases, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Brazil, etc., after reporting the "first" monkeypox cases in their country in May this year, the subsequent number of cases has continued to increase, and then a rapid increase in the epidemic situation. Will there be a development trend of monkeypox epidemics in mainland China similar to those in European and American countries?

There is very unlikely to occur in mainland China!

First of all, the "first" case of monkeypox reported by European and American countries, the patient has no recent travel history to traditional endemic areas of monkeypox. In other words, the "first" monkeypox case reported by these countries should have been infected locally. They are not the "first" monkeypox case in the local area. The epidemic has been hidden and spreading locally for some time. The "first" case reported by mainland China was from overseas to . During the COVID-19 prevention and control quarantine observation, there was a clear history of traveling from countries or regions with non-local transmission of infection.

Secondly, there are no locally transmitted monkeypox infections in mainland China, and the epidemic is mainly imported from abroad. "preventing imports from abroad" measures for the prevention and control of the new crown have played an important role in preventing monkeypox imports.

Third, the World Health Organization divides the global monkeypox epidemic risk into three risk levels: high, medium and low, and the global overall ranks as medium risks. Among them, Europe and the Americas are high risks, Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean and Southeast Asia are medium risks, and The Western Pacific region where mainland China is located is low risks. As the monkeypox epidemic in two high-risk areas of the Americas and Europe declined, it has relieved the pressure on mainland China to prevent imported cases from abroad.

Although monkeypox will not occur in mainland China in the near future, the possibility of sporadic cases is still relatively high.

02

What experiences can be used to prevent monkey pox in European and American countries to learn from

The monkey pox epidemic, which is mainly victimized by European and American countries, has seen a significant decline after more than two months of rapid growth. This decline is not a natural phenomenon of monkeypox, but an artificial intervention plays a key role.

two aspects of intervention measures have played an important role:

First, the World Health Organization has determined that monkeypox is a global public health emergency , which has sounded the alarm for countries around the world, especially countries with the rising monkeypox epidemic, and also sounded the alarm for the main victims of the monkeypox epidemic. The extensive media coverage and publicity have made everyone have a clearer understanding of the monkeypox epidemic. These have played a positive role in promoting the early diagnosis, early detection and timely treatment of patients. At the same time, the main victims of the monkeypox epidemic, especially those who are sexually consciously taking action to reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors of monkeypox transmission. All of these have played a positive role in reducing the spread of monkey pox.

The second is to prevent the precise use of vaccines. There is currently no targeted vaccine developed by monkeypox virus in , but smallpox vaccines can effectively prevent monkeypox infection. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the smallpox vaccine in 2013 to increase the effect of preventing monkeypox in terms of indications. In Europe and the United States, countries with severe monkeypox epidemics have adopted a prevention method centered on monkeypox cases and vaccinated close contacts, effectively controlling the spread of the epidemic.

03

Monkeypox prevention

✎ Incoming vector

There is no monkeypox virus in mainland China. It will be transmitted from infected people or animals from abroad, which may cause the spread of local monkeypox.Judging from the phenomenon that monkeypox spreads from several major European and American countries to other countries in the world, humans as viral vectors have the greatest risk of cross-continental/transnational/trans-regional transmission. This is also illustrated by the first case of monkeypox reported in Chongqing. The subsequent sporadic cases that may occur in mainland China will also be introduced by humans as carriers.

✎ Source of infection

Foreigners or returning people who come to China from monkeypox endemic areas abroad are potential sources of infection, especially those who come from the main victims of monkeypox endemic areas or have close contact with the main victims.

Foreigners who have worked in China for a long time, foreigners who come to China with a maximum incubation period of 21 days and returnees have no risk of spreading monkey pox.

is infected with monkeypox and has clinical symptoms, especially those with exposed skin surfaces, such as face and hands, and dominant symptoms such as red rash. Their role as a source of monkeypox infection is very limited. They are either discovered before leaving China, or discovered at entry, or during the COVID-19 quarantine period, which is difficult to cause social transmission after entry.

The most likely source of infection that brings monkeypox virus into the country is those infected with monkeypox virus in in the latency period (especially for more than 7 days), or those infected with monkeypox virus in , or those infected with asymptomatic monkeypox virus.

✎ Two scenarios of early local transmission

The most likely scenario for local monkeypox virus transmission will be similar to the main transmission methods of European and American countries. Foreigners or returning people who come to China from overseas monkeypox endemic areas. They are cases of mild monkeypox or asymptomatic infections, people with similar sexual orientations and lifestyles in the country. intimate skin contact with , causing transmission;

The second scenario is those who come to China or returning people, they are cases of mild monkeypox or asymptomatic infections, causing infection of family members during daily contact with family life.

✎ The surface pollution transmission of objects

Only after the monkeypox epidemic reaches a certain scale can people spread through contact with contaminated door handles, toilets, etc. At present, there is no community transmission in mainland China, and the surface of objects is not contaminated by monkeypox virus. But it is still important to develop personal hygiene habits. Doing good hand hygiene can prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as the new crown, gastrointestinal infectious diseases such as dysentery, and also prevent monkeypox from spreading; paying attention to the use of public toilet hygiene can prevent skin infectious diseases and monkeypox. Therefore, cultivating and maintaining good hygiene habits will play a positive role in preventing monkey pox.

Source: Hunzhi

-End-

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