China Times (www.chinatimes.net.cn) reporter Wang Yue Xu Yunxi Beijing report
Looking at the news that has not been read and not replied to in the list of recruitment websites, Xiao Xin (pseudonym), a Xi'an university student who is about to graduate in June this year, couldn't help but sigh. She just counted the resumes she submitted, and there were more than 100 copies, but there were only 6 interview invitations out of 53 replies, and the rest were "read but not reply".
In fact, from the beginning of preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination to the announcement of the final results, Xiao Xin had just experienced a boring life without socializing or entertainment for nearly a year. However, after a year of hard work wasted, Xiao Xin found that when she stood at the fork in her life again, all she could do was to submit her resume repeatedly.
"I missed the autumn recruitment organized by the school because of preparation for the exam. This year, the school did not organize spring recruitment at all." Xiao Xin can only rely on herself to find jobs that meet her requirements in various recruitment software and recruitment official accounts.
Statistics of the Ministry of Education show that the number of graduates from ordinary colleges and universities in 2022 is expected to be 10.76 million (including 4.71 million undergraduate graduates, 5.16 million higher vocational/junior graduates, and 890,000 graduates), an increase of 1.67 million year-on-year. When the number of graduates exceeded 10 million for the first time, and the scale and increase of college graduates this year are the highest in previous years, this means that the employment situation in 2022 is more severe than before.
htmlOn May 9, the Ministry of Education reported that in order to actively respond to the impact of the epidemic, seize the golden period and sprint period for graduates to seek jobs, and accelerate the progress of employment work, the Ministry of Education has launched a series of "100-day sprint" activities for employment for college graduates from May to mid-August, and took multiple measures to promote more full and higher-quality employment for college graduates of 2022.During the "100-day sprint", the Ministry of Education, together with various universities and 12 social recruitment institutions, carried out a series of special recruitment activities for "24365 Campus Recruitment Service" to provide graduates with a large amount of employment information. The 19 sub-industry of the Ministry of Education refer to the committee and relevant industry associations to widely gather industry resources and hold a series of special job fairs for sub-industry.
Postgraduate entrance examination is becoming more and more popular
"Now I no longer take the initiative to find a job." Faced with employment difficulties, Chen Chen (pseudonym), a Heilongjiang college student who also missed the autumn recruitment because of preparation for the exam, has begun to "lie down".
"The school has no competitive advantage, and the salary of undergraduates is relatively low." Previously, Chen Chen finally chose to prepare for the postgraduate entrance examination because of his concerns about the current employment situation. However, after the postgraduate entrance examination results were announced, she could only choose to hurriedly join the employment army of spring recruitment.
"I submitted sixty or seventy resumes one after another, but only received three interview invitations." After a while of spring recruitment, Chen Chen once again affirmed his previous concerns.
Faced with more and more resumes that have been sank to the sea, Chen Chen hesitated. Do he still have to continue submitting it? Therefore, after considering his own development and the current employment situation, Chen Chen finally chose to give up and continue to submit his resume and instead began to prepare for " World War II ". Although the ultimate goal of the postgraduate entrance examination is still to work, in her opinion, at least a postgraduate degree will become the "stepbrake" of work.
In fact, this year, more and more undergraduate graduates will take the postgraduate entrance examination as their first choice.
data shows that the number of applicants for master's degree students nationwide in 2022 is 4.57 million, an increase of 800,000 over 2021, an increase of 21%. It is worth noting that since 2016, the number of applicants for master's degree students in my country has maintained a high growth trend at a high level. From 2015 to 2022, the average increase in seven years was 15.8%.
Why are more and more students choosing to take the postgraduate entrance examination? Zhang Shengsheng (pseudonym), who studies animal husbandry at a normal school, said that he decided to take the postgraduate entrance examination after the internship.
"Due to our professional characteristics, the working environment we face is actually not very friendly to girls. But if we can get a master's degree, we may not need to end up and we can choose some positions with better conditions." Zhang Shengsheng said that he had considered participating in the civil service exam , postgraduate study and employment. "After considering some factors such as personal development and self-improvement, I finally chose to take the postgraduate entrance examination.In fact, all eight of us in the dormitory decided to take the postgraduate entrance examination, and now we have successfully "get ashore". "
According to the "2022 National Postgraduate Enrollment Survey Report" released by China Education Online Mobile Postgraduate Entrance Examination, according to the survey and analysis of the motivation for postgraduate entrance examinations, employment pressure has become the main factor for candidates to choose postgraduate entrance examinations. Nearly 60% of candidates choose postgraduate entrance examinations because of the high employment pressure and want to enhance their employment competitiveness. Nearly 50% of candidates choose to improve their knowledge structure and strengthen their cultural literacy. The proportion of candidates who are nostalgic for campus life and want to further their academic studies exceeds 30% respectively.
"In recent years, they may be under the dual pressure of the epidemic and economic downturn. Going to a business may not be the first choice for students, and the number of postgraduate entrance examinations has indeed been increasing in the past two years. "Song Yueqi, a counselor who is responsible for this year's graduating class in a university in Hebei, said that the situation of postgraduate entrance examination this year has also become significantly more serious, and the students in their class have experienced some high score adjustments and high scores.
The "2022 National Postgraduate Admissions Survey Report" pointed out that the growth rate of master's degree students in "Double First-Class" universities in 2022 has slowed down. In contrast, the popularity of dual non- universities has increased, and the number of applicants for postgraduate entrance examinations has increased significantly. At the same time, the number of applicants for major master's degree generally exceeds that of academic master's degree candidates.
Whether it is the recognition of "dual non-issue" or the favor of professional master's degree, it seems to reflect the increase in the degree of competition for graduate enrollment, and it also shows that candidates are rapidly reducing their goals. More people are pursuing "get ashore" as soon as possible.
Undergraduate graduates can still use "graduate study" as a springboard. So for graduates who have completed graduate studies, will their employment pressure really be alleviated?
"There is no special offer you like at present, but the state-owned enterprises interviewed said they can internship, so they came to the internship first. "Du Jiachang, a graduate of the third year of graduate school in Beijing, told our reporter that he is preparing to take the civil service exam while internship.
"Although there is a guaranteed choice, the employment pressure is still very obvious. Because I am a major in public administration, I am the first choice to take civil servants or take the exam. However, due to the impact of the epidemic, many exams are in a postponement. "For Du Jiachang, the postponement of the exam has had an impact on his mentality of preparing for the exam. Deng Ke, a graduate who also chose to continue the interview while internship, said: "In fact, it is not difficult to find a job, and finding a job that is satisfactory in all aspects is the pain point. "
" The students in our school are not worried about not being able to find a job, but are worried about not being able to find a suitable job. However, due to the impact of the epidemic, the working direction of " to select " in recent years has been very popular. "Wei Jilei, a graduate of the third-year graduate who serves as an employment assistant at Tsinghua University , sighed.
According to the "2021 Graduate Employment Quality Report" released by Tsinghua University, 70% of the graduates of Tsinghua entered the system for employment, of which 15.8% entered party and government organs, 30.3% entered public institutions, and the employment ratio of private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises both decreased.
and according to the " The 2022 College Student Employment Survey Report shows that among the types of employment enterprises that graduates prefer, state-owned enterprises are still the first choice for graduates, accounting for 44.4%, higher than 42.5% in 2021. The popularity of state-owned enterprises and public examinations has increased, and the popularity of private enterprises has decreased, which reflects the intensification of the mentality of seeking stability in choosing jobs for this year's graduates.
"The end of the universe is the exam for editors"
"I found that this year students are more interested in public examinations, public examinations and policy positions. "Song Yueqi told reporters that the number of students who consulted him about relevant policies has increased significantly recently. "In order to be stable, the idea of wanting an "iron rice bowl" has increased. "
When asked why he participated in civil service examinations, teacher recruitment and other staffing exams, the reporter also found in many answers that "stability" seemed to have become the keyword.
" I think civil service exams are more friendly to girls, with stable income and stable work. Being able to return to your hometown, participating in civil servants is the best choice. On the other hand, the social recognition of the civil servant profession is an important factor in her determining the direction of employment. "Xu Ji (pseudonym), who selected the recruitment student through , said.
Although Xu Ji also participated in some recruitment activities mainly based on public institutions and state-owned enterprises before it was not confirmed that she had "got ashore", she did not make any other alternatives after confirming the admission list.
In fact, the rise in popularity of civil service exams can be seen from the data. Since the number of applicants for the national examination exceeded 1 million for the first time in 2009, the number of applicants has remained above one million. Judging from the registration data in the past three years, nearly 1.38 million people passed the review in 2019, 1.437 million people passed the qualification review in 2020, and 1.576 million people passed the review in 2021, and the number of applicants is increasing year by year.
In the view of Zhang Jing (pseudonym), a teacher at a large vocational education institution, various "staffing" exams have become increasingly popular in the past two years, including civil service exams.
"In terms of registration ratio, the registration ratio of a primary school in Xi'an, Shaanxi was around 1:20 last year, but it quadrupled this year, reaching around 1:80; while a primary school Chinese teacher in Tianjin has reached 1:578." Zhang Jing pointed out that in addition to the number of competitors increasing, the difficulty of the exam is also increasing accordingly.
"Currently, some exams such as the D-category joint examination of public institutions, teacher recruitment examination , do not distinguish between fresh graduates and social recruitment, so for students in school, the difficulty should not be underestimated." Zhang Jing said.
Employment market under the influence of the epidemic
According to the "2022 First Quarter 2022 College Graduate Employment Market Prosperity Report" released by Zhilian Recruitment and the "2022 College Student Employment Survey Report", with the impact of factors such as the recurring domestic epidemic and economic downturn, the employment prosperity index of college graduates in the first quarter of 2022 (number of market recruitment demand/number of market job applicants) was 0.71, lower than the national level of 1.56; as of mid-April, 46.7% of job-seeking graduates have received employment notices, lower than 62.8% in 2021, and the signing ratio of 15.4% is also lower than 18.3% last year.
"Since the beginning of this year, epidemics have been on the rise and fall in all walks of life and industry have suffered losses to varying degrees. Although the epidemic has brought many development opportunities to the new online economy, and a small number of industries related to the fight against the epidemic have also exploded, these growths are far from making up for the losses caused by the setbacks in most other industries. A large number of industries and enterprises are in a downturn, especially small and medium-sized enterprises that have absorbed a large amount of employment in the past, the benefits of the entire society will definitely decrease, and the number of college graduates hit a record high this year. In addition, the number of employed people in Shanghai is expected to increase, and the problem of supply and demand imbalance in the graduate employment market has been further highlighted." Yang Guoqing, associate professor at the Modern Human Resources Evaluation and Research Center of the Shanghai Party School, pointed out in an interview with a reporter from " China Times " that the current employment market for college graduates can be said to be "demand decreases, supply increases, and market imbalance."
In fact, both the civil service examination in 2022 and the national graduate entrance examination have hit new highs, which seems to reflect the concerns of this class of graduates about the future employment market prospects.
"Graduates themselves should also actively improve their employment intentions." Yang Guoqing believes that slow employment in . Not finding employment is not conducive to the development of graduates. Under the current conditions, only by finding employment can graduates be trained and grown in practice.
"My job hunting process has started in March and April 2021. "Cheng Zhou (pseudonym), who has obtained an offer from the law firm, has determined his employment direction early. "In order to plan for my career , I did not choose to take the postgraduate entrance examination, but aimed at employment. To this end, during the process of submitting my internship resume last year, I began to choose the work unit I like most and actively strive for internship opportunities. Then during the summer internship, I passed several months of assessment, and finally got the retention offer from the law firm last winter." Cheng Zhou recalled.
"When making employment choices, I think that compared with the legal affairs of major Internet companies, lawyers can accumulate time value, allowing us to continuously improve our market value as our years of employment grow." During the internship, Cheng Zhou once again affirmed his career plan for lawyers.
also got a retained offer through participating in the summer internship. Zhang Xudong (pseudonym), who also said, "At that time, many students' summer internship choices were made for the purpose of retaining. "
Stabilizing the economy means stabilizing employment
Faced with the extremely severe employment situation of college graduates this year, Yang Guoqing suggested that all parties should work together to manage, give full play to their respective advantages and characteristics, and do everything possible to explore employment opportunities and improve employment capabilities.
Song Yueqi told our reporter that the Ministry of Education had previously held a meeting to guide current employment work, requiring the improvement of the market-oriented and socialized employment promotion mechanism, including strengthening the construction of the campus recruitment market; promoting the construction of the online recruitment market; encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises to absorb more college graduates; promoting innovation and entrepreneurship to drive employment; and supporting and guiding flexible employment.
When giving full play to the role of policy-based job absorption, we will improve the grassroots employment support system for graduates, do a good job in recruiting college students, promote the orderly connection between admission and employment, and optimize the recruitment time arrangement.
In fact, as the top priority of the " Six Stability " work, stable employment has attracted much attention in this year's National People's Congress Government Work Report. On the other hand, Premier Li Keqiang once emphasized that we must increase the implementation of macro policies, fiscal and monetary policy should be carried out around achieving employment goals, and employment priority is also a macro policy, and other policies should be coordinated to achieve employment goals.
In this regard, Wang Zhangming, executive director of the Anhui Labor Society and senior human resources service expert, told the China Times reporter: "The prerequisite for stabilizing employment is to stabilize the economy. The most effective means to stabilize the economy is to protect market entities. As long as we stabilize the basic and fundamentals of our country's economy, maintain appropriate growth, and flexibly use some relief measures such as tax refunds, tax reduction and fee reduction, delay payment of social security fees, logistics maintenance and smooth logistics, and promoting the resumption of work and production of enterprises, we can stabilize employment."
