In order to prevent disease, we have been vaccinated with various vaccines since we were born, such as BCG, hepatitis B vaccine, polio vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine, meningitis vaccine, mellitus vaccine, hand, foot and mouth vaccine, chickenpox vaccine, HPV vaccine , and the new crown vaccine that has been vaccinated in recent years.
Some people will leave scars after vaccination, but some will not; some people have "vaccine marks" on their arms, but some will not.
What's going on here? Let’s talk about the “vaccine mark” below. How did the "vaccine mark" come from
? There are many types of
vaccines:
1. Live vaccine : It is a vaccine made of live viruses or bacteria, such as the earliest smallpox vaccine. Since this type of vaccine is equivalent to infection once and has a large response, this type is basically no longer available now;
2. Attenuated live vaccine : Gu The name means using live pathogens with weakened toxicity or very similar low-toxic pathogens. The BCG vaccine for preventing tuberculosis is a live attenuated vaccine;
3, inactivated vaccine : It is to use a complete, killed (inactivated) or modified pathogen so that it cannot reproduce and will not cause diseases, such as the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine used by our country.
4, recombinant protein vaccine : It is not a complete virus, it is composed of one or several important parts of the virus, such as HPV vaccine.
5, In addition, there are nucleic acid vaccines, polysaccharide vaccines, , etc.
live virus/attenuated live virus immunogenicity is generally stronger than other types of vaccines. After vaccination, the immune response of is also stronger, so it is possible to leave a "vaccine mark" at the injection site.
If BCG vaccine is removed, an inflammatory reaction will occur about 3 weeks after vaccination. The vaccinated area will be red and swollen, softened in the middle to form a small pustules, and then the pustules will ulcerate. After 1-2 weeks after the pus is removed, the scab will fall off and form a round scar, also called "scar stuck". What kind of vaccine will leave a mark if you receive
?
Although there are many types of vaccines, there are only two types that will leave a "vaccine mark" at present: -days vaccine (also called vaccinia vaccine) and BCG vaccine.
In May 1980, the World Health Organization announced that humans had eradicated the smallpox virus. my country canceled the national inoculation of vaccination with vaccination in March 1981.
Therefore, most people born in the 80s, 90s and 00s have never received vaccinated vaccination. They usually have only one "vaccine mark" left by the BCG vaccine on their arms, and people born 80 years ago may have two scars on their arms.
Not everyone who has received the above two vaccines will definitely have a "vaccine mark". There are exceptions to scarring according to personal constitution. For example, some newborns have not had that large immune response after vaccination, so scarring may not be obvious. As they age, the scars will gradually fade, and in the end they are basically invisible.
Why should vaccines be administered to the arm?
The way to get vaccinated is, is mostly intramuscular, that is, it is given to the arm. In addition to this, there are also oral treatments, such as the "sugar pill" vaccine to prevent polio virus ; there are also measles vaccines that are given subcutaneously.
arm becomes the most common part of vaccination, which is related to the following factors:
1, vaccine is the fundamental purpose of the human body's own immune response, remember this pathogen, and fortunately react quickly to eliminate it when you meet it next time.
lymph nodes of the human body is a key part of the immune system. The vaccination is located close to the lymph nodes, which is more conducive to activate the immune response . Many vaccines are administered to the deltoid muscle of the arm because the distance between the deltoid muscle and the lymph nodes under the arm is very close.
If the vaccine is , it is not far from the gathering of the inguinal lymph nodes.
2, intramuscular injection can keep the vaccine reaction locally. If it is injected on fat tissue, the redness and swelling may be more serious.
The size of the muscles also affects the choice of injection location. Children under three years old have smaller muscle tissue in the arms, so when injecting intramuscular vaccines, they are usually on the thighs close to the inguinal lymph nodes.
3, From a convenient point of view, is also the most convenient to operate and accept when hitting the arm.
What should I pay attention to when I get vaccinated?
If you suffer from tuberculosis , nephritis , heart disease, immune deficiency, etc., should temporarily postpone vaccination , consult the doctor if you meet the vaccination conditions and re-injection at the appropriate time.
children should not eat warm or hot food or drinks for 5 and a half hours after taking oral polio vaccine.
should pay attention to rest on the day before vaccination , try not to stay up late, drink alcohol, eat spicy and irritating foods, and maintain the best condition of your body.
Expert in this article: Li Xue, Peking Union Medical College , Doctor of Medicine
