Over the past decade, Taiwan has taken a series of measures to successfully transform traditional fisheries into leisure fisheries. Leisure fishery includes five major categories: sports and leisure, experience fishery, ecological tour, fishing town food, and education and culture. Taiwan’s experience in leisure fishery is worth learning from, mainly including: attaching importance to planning, strengthening financial support, and promoting the healthy development of leisure fishery; highlighting characteristics, promoting industrial upgrading, and establishing a rich new fishing village; strengthening functions, creating a charming fishing port, and promoting the diversification of fishing port functions; integrating resources, forming a unique style, and developing regional leisure fishery; integrating culture, carrying out experience activities, and driving the development of sightseeing and leisure fishery.
Taiwan is surrounded by the sea on all sides, with a coastline of about 1,600 km long and rich marine resources. However, as Taiwan's coastal and offshore fishery resources show a decrease and downward trend, Fast-sea fishery is also increasingly facing difficulties such as shrinking high sea fishing quotas. In recent years, Taiwan's fishery production capacity has shown a steady decline and shrinking development. In this regard, Taiwan has adopted corresponding strategies to encourage the development of marine leisure and recreational fisheries, vigorously guide coastal port fishing areas to establish leisure fisheries, and develop sea and land leisure centers. This leisure fishery, which integrates production, sales, leisure and tourism, has helped Taiwan's coastal and offshore fisheries to "resurrect" and promote diversified fishery operations. It is called "a reform to build modern fishing villages and enhance the vitality of the fishery."
1. The rise and development of Taiwan's leisure fishery
The term "recreation fishery" first appeared in Taiwan in the 1980s, and then quickly gained widespread recognition. It has now become synonymous with the development of fishery tourism. Recreational fishery refers to the fishery activity method in which people combine work and rest. It uses fishing village equipment, fishing village space, fishing production sites, fishing gear fishing methods, fishing natural environment, and fishing village human resources, etc., and through planning and design, it plays the functions of fishing and fishing village leisure tourism, enhances people's understanding of fishing villages and fishing, improves tourism quality, improves fishermen's income, and promotes the development of fishing villages.
2. Development types of Taiwan’s leisure fishery
Leisure fishery has a diverse development type. Taiwanese scholars divide it into five categories: sports and leisure type, experience fishery type, ecological tour type, fishing town food type, education and culture type, etc.
(I) Sports and leisure
mainly includes ocean sightseeing activities on the shore. Including rock fishing, embankment fishing, multi-functional fishing port, coastal park, fisherman's wharf, beach walks and intertidal belt rock pool adventure, etc. Activities on the sea. In the adjacent waters, it includes activities such as sea swimming, snorkeling, whale watching, sea fishing, sailing, wind and wave boarding, surfing, jet skiing and other activities; in the farther waters, it includes blue highways and cruise ships. Activities under the sea. It is represented by scuba diving and submarine activities.
(II) Experience Fishery-type
is generally divided into sightseeing and leisure fishing, visiting fishing activities, and life experience in fishing villages. ) Tourism and leisure fishing, including activities such as traction, stone, pile picking up snails, shellfish, etc. Visits to fishing activities include fishing operations, box net breeding, fixed net operation, fish farming and aquatic processing.
(III) Ecological tour type
mainly includes watching whale and dolphin , watching fishing fires and blue sea roads. The ecological journey of Qigu (阿海) in Tainan County is an ecological tour and leisure fishery. At present, Taiwan’s whale and dolphin watching activities are very enthusiastic, and its industrial activities include Yilan , Hualien and Taitung . The "Guishan Asahi" and the "Doraman" in Toutong City are famous and profitable.
(IV) Fishing town food type
mainly includes famous specialties and food and holiday tourist fish market. Famous specialties and gourmets are used to taste seafood and choose specialties. Many fishing associations in Taiwan have set up direct sales centers or cooked food areas for the public to taste aquatic foods. Due to the characteristics of the fishing port and the surrounding seafood restaurants, they are very popular among the people, such as Wuqi, Bisha, Wushigang, Donggang Tuna Season, etc., and fishing foods are also promoted through tasting meetings or large-scale campaign activities.
(V) Educational and cultural
mainly includes fishery promotion classrooms, fishery history and folk celebrations and fishery education displays.Fisheries promotion classrooms include fishery training centers, fishery draft classrooms, cooking classrooms, fishery technology promotion, etc. Many fishing associations in Taiwan often hold fishery education or fish food promotion activities to teach fishermen and ordinary fishing villages and other training courses related to fishing affairs and seafood cooking. Fishermen in various regions also carry out fishery promotion activities to convey new information or promote new technologies, which will be of great help to promote fishery development measures or the development of fishing village communities. Fishing history and folk celebrations include visiting fishing village historical sites, fishermen's legends, ancient fishing methods, royal boat tours, burning king boats, water lanterns, and Mazu celebrates her birthday. Fishing history and folk celebrations help people understand the culture of fishing villages.
3. Taiwan’s experience in the development of leisure fishery and its references
(I) Attach importance to planning, strengthen financial support, and promote the healthy development of leisure fishery
0 The development of Taiwan’s leisure fishery is attributed to the vigorous promotion, guidance and financial support of the Taiwan authorities. In the development of Taiwan's leisure fishery, the guidance and management of the authorities are important factors in its success, especially in the areas of leisure industry construction planning, hardware equipment subsidies, etc., which have effectively promoted the rapid development of Taiwan's leisure fishery. The development of Taiwan's leisure fishery began with sea fishing boats. The authorities first formulated the "Entertainment Fishery Management Measures" to assist in the development of recreational fishing boat fishing through institutional construction and the construction of recreational fishing boat associations, including continuing to enjoy preferential benefits for fishing boat oil, compulsory insurance for recreational fishing boats, and opening up of recreational fishing boat mooring recreational fishing boats. In 1990, the "CRC"'s "Recreational Agriculture Plan" included planning guidance and financial support for the development of tourism and leisure fisheries; in 1992, the "CRC Fisheries Department" began to actively promote the construction of leisure fishery areas and the construction of holiday fish markets for direct sales centers around fish ports; in 1998, Taiwan began to promote the establishment of leisure fishery sea and land leisure centers in coastal port fishing areas to promote diversified operations of fishers. The implementation of these leisure fishery measures has activated the economy of the fishing area and effectively promoted the development of the leisure fishery. In addition, the Taiwan authorities also assist local management departments and fishery associations in planning and developing various leisure fisheries activities, especially in combining the Fuli Fishing Village Plan, developing the construction of agricultural and fishery leisure parks and tourist fish markets. For example, the "Committee of Agriculture" subsidizes , Yilan County to handle the engineering planning and design of Dong'ao Marine Ranch Area. The development of leisure fishery in mainland China can learn from relevant development measures in Taiwan, strengthen government guidance and organizational coordination of leisure fishery, formulate regulations and policy orientations for promoting the leisure fishery industry, and strengthen financial subsidies guidance from the aspects of leisure fishery construction planning, infrastructure construction of leisure fishery ports, organization of leisure fishery farmers, and construction of leisure fishery parks, timely solve major problems in the development of leisure fishery, and promote the rapid development of leisure fishery.
(II) Highlight the characteristics, promote industrial upgrading, and establish a rich new fishing village
Since 2000, Taiwan's "Fishings Commission of Agriculture" has promoted the construction of a modern "Fuli Fishing Village Plan", promoted the "production, life, and ecology" of the three-life fishery, promoted the transformation of fishing villages from the aspects of economy, culture, and nature, advocated fishing villages to enhance the value of life and culture, maintain the foundation of the natural ecology and sustainable development of fishing villages, highlighted the local industrial characteristics, and created new opportunities for the economic development of fishing villages, and achieved a beautiful and beautiful vision of fishing villages. In terms of financial support, Taiwan has compiled tens of millions of yuan in fishing village construction every year since 1999 (about half of the funds are used to promote the development of leisure fisheries). To this day, the transformation of fishing villages with the vision of "rich and beautiful" has been carried out across Taiwan, rewriting the style of traditional fishing villages, and reflecting the cultural innovation potential of fishermen and the new trend of fishing from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries. Therefore, leisure fishing has become the most commonly used model for the transformation of many fishing villages. At present, there are more than a dozen rich fishing village communities in Taiwan, which have become role models for fishing village construction and can be given priority to planning and development as a demonstration zone for fishing village tourism and leisure fishery.
(III) Strengthen functions, create a charming fishing port, and promote the diversification of fishing port functions
Taiwan Fisheries Administration Unit began to focus on promoting the diversification of fishing port functions in the early 1990s. After years of construction, it has significantly improved the port area environment, enriched the fishing port's rest resources, narrowed the distance between the fishing port and the people, and drove the development of fishing related industries, and increased the income of fishermen. At present, in addition to the original fishery production functions, fishing ports also include diversified functions such as leisure and recreation, sea fishing sightseeing, direct sales of fish goods, transportation and freight, and cultural education. Their essence is to improve fishing port facilities, beautify the port area landscape, and develop leisure and recreation. Secondly, to set up entertainment fishing boat wharfs and floating wharfs, develop sea sightseeing and sea fishing, and once again build a modern fish goods direct sales center, provide fresh, cheap and delicious fish goods, and plan to set up fishing history museums, fishery cultural exhibition halls, etc., to promote marine fishery cultural education.
(IV) Integrate resources to form a unique style and develop regional leisure fisheries
Taiwan counties (cities) The resource conditions vary, including grasslands, hot springs, beaches, intertidal zones, windbreak forests, seabirds, mangroves , fishing ports, fish fogs, salt fields, etc. The leisure fisheries can combine the cultural and tourist characteristics of each region to form a unique style of each region. When operating, you can master this feature, shape the image of the park, and guide the vigorous development of the industry. Taking Qigu Township, Tainan County as an example, in the past, fishery breeding was the main livelihood. Under the trend of leisure fishery tourism in Taiwan, Qigu Township relied on rich ecological resources, including the wetland ecological characteristics of lakes and mangroves and the international-level tourism resources - the habitat of black-faced spoonbills every winter. With the potential development of becoming an international-level ecological tourism attraction, traditional fishery breeding was transformed into industrial culture and ecological tourism. For example, leading tourists to take bamboo rafts to appreciate mangroves, seabirds and lake ecology, which has driven the cooperation and alliance between leisure resorts, homestays and bamboo rafts, and provided tourists with diversified leisure services through complementary resources, reducing transformation costs and enhancing competitiveness. In addition, since 1997, Taiwan has promoted the "Blue Highway" plan and carried out business activities that operate single or multi-port for leisure tourism through leisure fishing boats and other business activities. Since then, the "Blue Highway" has gradually transformed into a sea area tourism, becoming a popular hydrophilic tourism model.
(5) Integrate into culture, carry out experience activities, and drive the development of tourism and leisure fishery
Taiwan’s rural areas have very rich folk cultural resources. Through related activities, the integration of rich folk culture into tourism and leisure fishery will help promote the integration of local tourism and marine resources. The development of Taiwan's diversified fishery products cultural season has become an important driving force for Taiwan's leisure fishery to integrate local characteristics and marine resources (Table 3). For example, Pingtung Black Tuna Cultural Tourism Season, which combines food, leisure, culture and conservation, is not only combined with agricultural and fishery specialties and cultural tourism industry, but also the activities are more refined and diversified. From mid-April to mid-June every year, grand parades and black tuna auctions are held, which premieres the black tuna cultural tourism season. Tourists can participate in the Black Tuna Cultural Tourism Season to taste local delicacies such as "Donggang Three Treasures", and can also visit various tourist attractions in Pingtung County. For example, in order to develop and promote marine ecological tourism in Penghu , Penghu County began to launch the "Judao Seafood Festival" in 2004, allowing tourists to experience leisure fishery activities and promote Penghu's marine ecology and leisure experience, thereby increasing the popularity and sales of fresh seafood such as Penghu's marine characteristic industries - sea croaker, lilac fish, fresh oyster (oyster), grouper, etc. In recent years, the mainland has promoted local economic development through exhibition and exhibition economy and cultural festivals with "cultural setting and economic performance", and achieved significant results. The development of leisure fisheries can also vigorously promote leisure fishery cultural tourism festivals based on local traditional culture, folk customs and fishery resources, and guide the leisure fishery to develop in a refined and diversified manner.
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