Hunan Province is located in southern China and southern China's middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It was designated as Jinghu South Road in the Song Dynasty and was referred to as Hunan. The largest river in the province, Xiangjiang River flows through the north and south, and is referred to as "Xiang", also known as Xiaoxiang, and the provincial capital is located in Changsha City in the northeast. Hunan is bordered by Jiangxi in the east, Chongqing and Guizhou in the west, Guangdong and Guangxi in the south, and Hubei in the north. For Hunan Province, which has a long history, it also has a profound surname culture. As for Hunan Province, the five most populous surnames are: Li, Liu, Chen, Zhang and Wang. Among them, the surname Li is the most popular surname in Hunan Province. In Hunan Province, the population proportion of Li's surname reaches about 6.7%, significantly exceeding surnames such as Liu, Chen, Zhang, and Wang.
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First of all, according to statistics in 2010, the population of Li surname in China is as high as 95 million, accounting for about 7.9% of the Han population in the country. The surname Li is not only the largest surname in Hunan Province, but also the most populous surname in the country. In ancient Chinese history, there were more than 60 people named Li emperors, and they successively established dynasties and countries such as Dacheng, Xiliang, Liang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Southern Tang, Dashu, Xixia , Dashun and other dynasties. It is worth noting that it is precisely because the Li surname established multiple dynasties and countries that the Li surname was able to move to all parts of the country, that is, it became a surname that is densely distributed in the north and south. This is one of the important differences between the Li surname and the Chen surname, the Zhang surname, and the Wang surname.
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There are many historical views on the origin of the Li surname. However, it is generally believed that the Li surname originated from the Ying surname, and Li Lizhen is the ancestor of the surname. Li Lizhen, whose birth and death year is unknown, was originally named Li Lizhen, and fled to Ku County to change "Li" to "Li", and was later respectfully called "the ancestor of the Li surname". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the surname Li mainly moved in the Central Plains. During the Han and Three Kingdoms periods, especially during the Three Kingdoms period, the Li surname began to migrate in multiple directions, such as the development to the northeast to the Liaoning area, the northwest to the Ningxia area, such as the development to the southeast to the present day, and the development to the south to Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei and other places. Among them, during the late Han and Three Kingdoms period, the area of Hunan Province today belonged to Jingzhou . Because it was less affected by war, it became an important direction for the migration of the Li surname.
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to the historical stage of Tang Dynasty . Because Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, the surname Li became the national surname of the Tang Dynasty. Because the family of the surname Li was enfeoffed to multiple regions, this naturally promoted the migration of the surname Li nationwide. Among them, in Hunan Province, in the eleventh year of Zhenguan (637), King Li Ke of Wu was appointed as the governor of Ansui and Wen Mian restored the military governor of Anzhou (the government is now Anlu, Hubei), and the descendants of King Li Ke of Wu later moved to the area of Yueyang, Yueyang, and became the ancestor of the Li family in the region. The "Anshi Rebellion" that occurred in the middle of the Tang Dynasty led to the migration of the Li surname in the Central Plains to the seventh place in today's Hunan and Hubei. As for the late Song Dynasty, because the Central Plains was occupied by the Jin Dynasty, the migration of the Li surname to the southern region was also promoted.
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Finally, During the Ming Dynasty period, the Li surname had about 5.1 million people, accounting for about 5.5% of the national population. Only after Wang and Zhang were ranked, it was the third largest surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi was the largest province in the surname Li, accounting for about 13.3% of the total population of Li surname in the country. Under the " Jiangxi Filling Huguang ", many surname Li surnames in Jiangxi moved to the areas of today's Hunan Province and Hubei Province. Today, the distribution of the surname Li in the country is mainly concentrated in Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and Hebei provinces, accounting for about 32% of the total population of the surname Li in the country. Secondly, it is distributed in five provinces, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan and Anhui, accounting for about 25% of the population of the Li family. As for Hunan Province, it is also a relatively concentrated area with the distribution of Li surname. As of the end of 2017, the total population of Hunan Province was about 68.6 million. As the largest surname in Hunan Province, the Li family accounts for about 6.7%. In other words, the population of Li family in Hunan Province is about 4.6 million, which is equivalent to the total population of Loudi City, the prefecture-level , Loudi City.
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