is 6.18 today. Have you bought it?
In today's day of clearing the shopping cart, Odysseus wants to share with you a controversial figure - a queen who formed a bad physique because of buying, buying, buying, and losing her life. By the way, it is the famous "dead-headed queen" in French history Marie Antoinette .
"Mary Antoinette in court dress"/Lebrunn/1778
" When she was graceful, she was beautiful statue ; when she danced gracefully, She is the embodiment of elegance.” The famous British writer Horace Walpoll praised Marie Antoinette like this.
Edmund Burke recalled in "The French Revolution": "She shines like a star, full of vitality, glory and joy... It was in the Palace of Versailles. She was still the crown princess at that time, and she was almost nothing. Walking in the misty place, there must have never been a more wonderful picture in this world." ”
Another romantic writer, Chardon Bryon, directly declared: “The Revolution killed youth and beauty by killing Antoinette. ”
"Queen Marie Antoinette"/Lebrun/1775
From the portraits left behind, the Antoinette we see is indeed a beauty: White skin and bright blue eyes There is God, Hair also flows golden and colorful , and the lower lip is not as prominent as the Habsburg family inherited, and the ground is particularly obvious ("Habsburg lips": the mandibular protrusion deformity). It is said that Antoinette dances lightly and walks He is especially graceful at the moment.
"Queen Marie Antoinette"/Lebrun/1783
"shoulder" marriage, "chess piece" in strategy
0
About her charm, the anecdote originally came from the musical genius Mozart .
1762, 6-year-old music prodigy Mozart started a European tour with his father. The superb Mozart was invited by the Grand Duchess of Austria Maria Theresia. At Schonbrunn Palace in , Vienna, , Mozart accidentally fell down and Marie Antoinette, who was 1 year older than him, helped him up. Mozart saw the beautiful little princess and couldn't help but kiss her and said, "I will definitely marry you in the future!"
If Marie Antoinette really married Mozart in the end, history would not be like this today. But how could real history happen like this? Not to mention that since ancient times, the fate of princes and princesses has been mostly used as pawns of political marriage, not to mention that Princess Marie Antoinette was born in the Habsburg royal family in Austria.
The Habsburg family has an ancient family motto: "Let others fight and kill, and you, lucky Austria, go to marry and form an alliance!" Marie Antoinette's mother is the queen of the Austrian Empire . Maria Theresia , the foresighted female politician was the European three strong women , which was tied with the Russian female tsar Caterina and the mistress of French King Louis XV, Madame Pompadou— Known as "Three Skirts"!
Austrian Empire Queen Maria Theresia
Queen Maria Theresia took the time to give birth to 5 sons and 11 daughters. Marie Antoinette is the youngest princess. Just as Austria and France want to marry together and rehabilitate, which daughter should they choose to marry into France to become the prince of ? From the queen's perspective, should have been the tenth daughter Maria Carolina who came to sit in this position. She felt that Carolina was similar to her temperament, and she was most suitable to be a princess in terms of her intelligence and rationality or political ability. As for 's youngest daughter Antoinette , she is likable, she loves to act coquettishly and is lazy, she still skips classes if she doesn't study well, and her French is not good at speaking, so she can marry the monarch of a small principality.
movie "The Peerless Queen" Antoinette
But fate is a mess, The Ninth Princess and the King of Naples suddenly died of illness before the wedding.The Tenth Princess was originally a concubine candidate for Prince Louis (later Louis XVI ), and then he urgently married the King of Naples instead of his sister. As a result, the 214-year-old little princess Antoinette went to France, which should have been her sister and became the French princess.
What a young wife, she is still a middle school student today! But as a princess who married another country, her duties are equivalent to diplomats. In addition to maintaining peace between the two countries, she is also a person who injects blood into other countries. Can these Antoinettes carry them on their shoulders? What his mother, Maria Theresia, was worried that besides Antoinette's young age, was even more worried that she had not grown up mentally. Theresia put a "book of experience" written by herself in her daughter's dowry, and repeatedly told her to read it on a fixed day of each month. After everything was ready, Theresia sent her daughter on a 1,570-kilometer journey to Versailles.
deficit Queen, the luxury life
The princess's married life was not as smooth as expected.
The one who formed a community of shared future with Marie Antoinette did not seem to have a strong interest in his wife. All of this actually happened on the wedding night.
On the wedding night, at the large dining table that was 8 meters long and 4 meters wide, sitting upright on the upper seat Louis XV . Seeing that the prince ate all the dishes he brought, he couldn't help but remind: "Tonight You can't put too much burden on your stomach!" The prince asked why, and replied to his grandfather that he could only sleep well after eating.
In the diary of that day, Prince Louis wrote: "Nothing (rien)". But in fact, as long as he does not carry out his favorite hunting activities, his diary is often recorded as "nothing".
Antoinette, who is responsible for giving birth to royal children, never worried that she would not be able to give birth to children. After all, her mother gave birth to 16 children, and her sisters also gave birth to seven or eight at a time. How many times is she getting married? After the New Year, she is still a girl.
There is no secret in the royal family, all of which have become the content of people whispering - is he sexually incompetent or homosexual? Or is it the problem of the Crown Princess? She once wrote to her mother: "It's good to have a baby, even if it's a dead baby."
Antoinette and Louis XVI in the movie "The Peerless Queen"
Marie Antoinette I bear a huge psychological burden for this. All these distresses are transformed into other interests, because indulging in pleasure can divert this part of anxiety.
In the fourth year after marriage, the couple's "sex" was still very painful. Louis focused all his energy on hunting, while Antoinette in was addicted to Chinese costumes and jewelry, as well as dances and gambling.
Mary Antonet became the fashion leader among the nobles, followed by huge installation fees.
Antoinette's various luxurious devices in the movie "The Peerless Queen"
What she pays attention to every day is nothing more than three major things:
First of all, is choosing clothes. She makes 12 formal dresses, 12 evening dresses, 12 ordinary dresses every quarter, and adds more than 100 sets of various clothes every year.
followed by hairstyle. Antoinette pays attention to clothing hobbies. After reusing Italian hairstylist Leonardo and female fashion designer founder Rose Bertin, became more and more high-profile - "cushion" (puuf) hairstyle, pile your hair like a tall hills piled . gems, ribbons, feathers, and finally decorations imitated by boats, garden , and some are decorated with expensive ostrich feathers. Marie Antoinette's nickname for "Austrian woman" is related to this hobby. In French, "Austrian woman" is pronounced very similarly to "ostrich".
Antoinette's sailing hair accessories
In addition, there are jewelry. Marie Antoinette is also addicted to jewelry, diamonds and pearls are bigger than anyone else.The last straw that crushed the Bourbon royal reputation - "necklace incident" Although it finally proved that Marie Antoinette was innocent, the fact that this incident was still related to her reputation for being affinity with jewelry.
At this time, Queen Mary's reputation was already very bad, and people called her "Queen of Deficit" . The mother wrote a worried letter to remind her to be frugal, not to just dress up, and not to lose the prestige of the queen, otherwise disaster will come. As a husband, Louis, out of guilt for not fulfilling his husband's responsibilities and was not concerned about the things in the palace, followed the queen's personality.
Behind the pleasure of squandering is the sign that the building will collapse, and neither the king nor his wife saw these.
Absurd necklace, the wronged queen
In Zweig's biography "The Queen of the Dead" to Antoinette, Zweig commented on the farce: "Even if all Molière's comedy is combined, There is no such a colorful and messy hodgepodge, which logically intertwines scammers, liars and deceiveds, fools and fools. "
"Necklace Incident" occurred in the summer of 1785, and The biggest bet for this scam is a set of necklaces .
Necklace replica in the necklace incident, composed of large diamonds
10 years ago, Louis XV, who also likes gems, Madame Dubari , placed a sensational order: 550 diamonds inlaid , total amount of 1.6 million miles A set of necklaces by Fur. But before the necklace was made, Louis XV went there, and Madame Dubali was expelled from the palace. So the gem merchant found Antoinette and asked her to buy the necklace. Maybe I think the taste of this necklace is too bad, and Antoinette refused.
Time flies, if it is not resolved quickly, the gem merchant will face bankruptcy, so he is extremely anxious. One day Cardinal Roon brought good news to the gem merchant. It was said that the queen decided to buy the gem and he came to serve as the intermediary. The gem merchant saw the document signed by Antoinette from Cardinal , and completely relieved and handed the necklace to Cardinal.
Countess de La Mott and Cardinal
in the movie "The Eyebrowed Woman" in the Incredible thing is that not long after, the necklace disappeared! Luo Ann said he had already handed over to the queen. The gem merchant went to visit the queen's residence, but the queen said she didn't know anything and even bombed the gem merchant out. And the truth is - the stupid Bishop Roon was deceived by the complete liar Countess de La Mott .
Countess de La Mott claimed to have a good relationship with Antoinette, so Roon handed her the necklace. Cardinal Roon met "Antoinette" in the garden at night, but that was just a prostitute pretending to be the queen, and she was later caught. Although Countess de La Mott was finally arrested, this valuable necklace had been taken to England by her accomplices, and the spoils were divided and the whereabouts were unknown. But the queen's failure is that even after people "clearly understand the whole story of the incident", they still have the skepticism about Antoinette. Even the newspapers featured such content vividly: "A woman like this lewd woman, no matter who she is with, she enjoys her free nightlife. It must be her who deceived Luo Ang. She must be hiding in some place after getting the necklace. Place. ”Antoinette's credibility has disappeared.
On the other hand, the King and his wife's improper handling of the "necklace incident" was a fatal injury . Instead of following the advice of the ministers who believed that secret measures should be taken, Antoin arrested Cardinal Roon, and in the overcrowded Palace of Versailles before Roon was about to preside over the Mass of the Assumption Day. action. As a result, this incident was immediately known to everyone in the world, and Paris was in full swing.
Finally, the court found out the truth of the incident. The main culprit Countess de La Mott was sentenced to life imprisonment after being publicly whipped. But the big liar later successfully escaped from prison and published a ridiculous "Memoir" in the UK. Antoinette completely became the protagonist of the scandal in her writing.
Cardinal was finally sentenced to be acquitted because he was just deceived. However, the king and his wife firmly believed that the cardinal committed the crime alone and put pressure on the court through the ministers. But the king's power is already declining at this time. After , Louis dismissed the "innocenceless" cardinal, which led to more intense resistance. The reason why the
necklace incident was so turbulent is that it was 4 years ago in 1781. The book "Accounting Report to the King" published by the Financial Director Jacques Necker (1732-1804), which was also an inducement. Necker was from Switzerland, a Protestant and later became a wealthy banker, so he was given the important task of revitalizing the French economy. However, this attracted strong opposition from the aristocratic class who did not want to pay taxes at all. was slandered by them and said that he caused the country's deficit to increase and his personal pockets, so he fought back with numbers. Unexpectedly, this curtain that covered the secret was pulled down like this. has implemented absolute royalty for centuries, and has been concealed from the outside world, nakedly shining in the sun.
Mary Antoinette and the children/Lebrun/1787 At this time, the queen was already worried. The painter Lebrun recorded this scene. According to this report, the total national income is about 264 million miles. F. In terms of expenditure, the soldier's commission was 65.2 million yuan, the road construction fee was 5 million yuan, and the poor's resettlement fee was 900,000 yuan. However, the royal family costs, including the palace costs, were as high as 25.7 million, and the maintenance costs of Atuva territory were also 8 million.
For working people who can only earn 12 to 20 rivers a year, the number of is simply beyond their imagination . This time Antoinette bought (although not actually her) necklace, one worth 1.6 million livres. When people heard this number, they finally had a specific idea of her spending. The anger finally led to a greater change in an era - a revolution happened.
In fact, putting all the inducements of revolution on Marie Antwanette is obviously neither fair nor consistent with the historical truth. In "The Trial of the Queen: October 14-16, 1793", French historian Emmanuel de Varecchier proposed that Queen Marie Antoinette was the "Crown Princess" period (Louis XV is in power) Life is indeed extravagant, but after the birth of four children one after another, personal life is "quite frugal".
There are many factors in the financial crisis of the Bourbon royal family, the splurge of the royal family, Louis XVI's financial support for the American Revolution, etc. The royal family’s extravagant life has accumulated a lot of money and it is difficult to return to . "King of the Sun" Louis XIV 5's rule began in the second half of the period, and the treasury was in a state of chronic deficit. By the time Louis XIV passed away, the national debt was left with a huge amount of 4 billion yuan.
The end of the royal family in the movie "The Queen of the Peerless"
To the romantic Louis XV, in addition to his luxurious life as usual, he left behind his amazing quote: "What do I care about after I die The flood "It's right. Obviously Louis XV has foreseeed the future "flood". Louis XIV, the autocratic and powerful, reigned for seventy-two years, Louis XVI, the incompetent Louis XVI, reigned for fifty-nine years, and succeeded to the throne at the age of twenty, and was the most hopeful to cooperate with the change, Louis XVI, Not only did he take on the next mess, but he had only fifteen years of time before the Great Revolution. He and his queen entered history in a tragic way.
1862 woodcut print "Queen Marie Antoinette's final farewell to her son"
"She was too young at that time and didn't know all the gifts given by fate, and she had already secretly bid for the price." Face Mary : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : According to Tonett's ending, Zweig sighed like this.
