Guangming Daily reporter Chang Hema Rongrui
In the summer, I drove around Chaohu, the fifth largest freshwater lake in China. Not only did I not smell the smell caused by the outbreak of blue-green algae in previous years, on the contrary, along the way, I saw vastness. The water surface, lush aquatic plants, the gentle edges of natural swamp meadows, blooming lotus flowers, and the egrets that sometimes draw graceful arcs in the blue sky.
This is the Chaohu Lakeside Wetland in Baohe District, Hefei City, taken on August 5, 2022. Xinhua News Agency (Photo by Ye Yuting)
At the end of July 2022, with the completion of the final process of the third phase of Feidong Shibalianwei Wetland Project, the ten wetlands around Chaohu Lake have been fully restored. 10 wetlands provide a natural ecological barrier for Chaohu Lake.
"Some people say that the shape of Chaohu Lake is like the legendary 'treasure basin'. The construction of the ten wetlands is equivalent to putting a string of 'emerald necklaces' on the 'treasure basin'." Yue Changqing, deputy director of the Forestry and Gardening Bureau of Hefei City, Anhui Province, told reporters, then Mr. Zhu With an area of 100 square kilometers and a total investment of 5.85 billion yuan, the ten wetlands around Chaohu Lake have been fully completed. Hefei has accumulated exploratory experience in the management of inland freshwater lakes. It will drive the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism around Chaohu Lake and help rural revitalization. .
"Combined boxing" promotes wetland restoration
html On the afternoon of August 23, at the request of several tourists, Zhou Xinmin drove them to Sanhe Wetland to take pictures.Sanhe Wetland is close to the shoreline of Chaohu Lake. It maintains the original state of field ridges, ditches, ponds, and water channels. The ecological greenway connects the small wetland science popularization area, the farming culture exhibition area, the Yangtze River Jihuai Tourist Area, the Taipingwei Ecological Experience Area and the ecological agriculture gathering. District and other different areas. The rough and primitive scenery of the wetland attracts tourists to stop and take photos from time to time.
Zhou Xinmin was originally a local farmer. In order to build the Sanhe Wetland, he and the villagers abandoned their farmland and opened a B&B in Sanhe Town.
Wetland is called "the kidney of the earth". For Babaili Chaohu Lake, the wetlands around the lake are the "kidneys" that maintain its ecological environment.
In recent years, Hefei has mobilized the whole city to promote comprehensive management of Chaohu Lake. In 2018, Hefei officially launched ten major wetland protection and restoration projects around Chaohu Lake, focusing on core wetland protection issues such as habitat, water system, water quality, and water quantity. So far, ten major wetlands including Paihekou, Hubin, Sanhe, Huailin, Zhegao River, Qifengzhou, Mawei River, Yudai River, Peninsula, and Shibalianwei have been fully restored.
Hefei adheres to the combination of natural restoration and artificial restoration, and adopts measures such as ecological water replenishment, sealing, returning farmland to wetland, vegetation restoration, protecting wildlife, and relocating immigrants, striving to build a leading lake-surrounding wetland group in the country. Hefei took the lead in launching the ecological management project of the lower reaches of the Shiwuli River, a first-level tributary of Chaohu Lake, to purify water quality, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus, implement 15,000 acres of farmland, return 47,000 acres of farmland, retreat 7,005 households, and restore and restore 65,000 acres of wetlands. A total of 410,000 trees, 3.354 million square meters of shrubs, and 9.06 million square meters of aquatic vegetation were planted.
In the Binhu Wetland, the reporter walked into the cyanobacteria science museum located in the algae water separation port of Tangxi River on the north bank of Chaohu Lake. This is the first cyanobacteria science education base in Anhui Province. Here, you can see a model of the structure of cyanobacteria that has been enlarged many times. Through the equipment in the science museum, you can learn about the past and present life and structural characteristics of cyanobacteria. You can also play games such as Algae Killer Battle to experience the impact of cyanobacteria on the environment. the harm caused.
Nowadays, the constructed wetland group around the lake is fulfilling its main functions of improving water quality, storing water and preventing floods, and maintaining biodiversity. The average daily water purification capacity of the ten largest wetlands can reach 1.2 million tons. In 2020, the ten largest wetlands around the lake stored a total of 269 million cubic meters of floodwater, minimizing the amount of water entering the lake. The survey shows that there are 562 species of plants and 303 species of birds in the wetland around the lake. More and more rare birds such as Oriental white stork, white spoonbill, red-breasted merganser, etc. choose to visit here. Inhabit and reproduce.
“These birds were common when we were young. For a few years, people and villages crowded to the lake and the birds disappeared."It's hard to leave my hometown. Zhou Xinmin will come to the wetland whenever he has free time to look for the old site of his "home". "Look at that big tree covered with white storks . It was the original entrance to the village. Does it look like an oil painting? "
In June 2022, the list of the second batch of international wetland cities was announced. A total of 25 cities around the world have won this honor, and Hefei is among them.
Rare birds have appeared in Chaohu one after another
Feidong Shibalianwei in midsummer , the water and grass are luxuriant, and birds fly across the sky from time to time.
This was originally the Changlin River 2814 fishery with a history of more than 30 years. Now it has changed its appearance - the 33 "ecological percolation islands" are the biggest highlight here.
Overview. , these "ecological percolation islands" of different sizes and distances are the polder areas. The highly polluted bottom sludge of 533 fish ponds is the result of centralized solidification and scientific treatment through ecological percolation island technology. Accordingly, the Nanfei River water enters the Shibalianwei Wetland in an artesian manner and passes through Duotai in the west. After being purified separately, the wetland and the east-central Duota Wetland are merged into the central lake wetland for deep purification, and then discharged from the pumping station. .
Walk through the wetland, with river branches crisscrossing it; looking far into the distance, you can see the blending of green water. "We have built a diverse landscape including ecological islands, seasonal grasslands, wet grasslands, reed swamps, shallow water areas and deep water areas. The wetland habitat forms a good wetland ecosystem structure. "Li Jiazheng, executive deputy general manager of Hefei Shibalianwei Ecological Construction Management Co., Ltd. said.
In Lujiang County , Qifengzhou Wetland and Mawei River Wetland are extremely beautiful. "In 2019, we carried out the Qifengzhou and Mawei River Wetland. Four plots including Fengzhouwei, Yilangwei, Xuqiao Lianwei and Cangtou Lianwei within the large wetland have been restored and rebuilt, covering an area of 5097 acres. The restoration project was completed at the end of March last year and then entered the daily maintenance stage. " Shao Jian, a staff member of the Lujiang County Forestry and Garden Construction Service Center, introduced. Following the direction of his finger, the reporter saw that aquatic plants such as reeds, barley, lotus, wild rice, cress , arrowhead , etc., build water collection systems. A healthy wetland ecosystem that integrates environmental quality improvement, biodiversity enhancement, and science education.
Walking along Chaohu Avenue , the sky is, The wings of birds fly across from time to time; on the water surface, egrets walk gracefully, and wild ducks glide quickly...
html Xia Jiazhen, who is nearly 70 years old, has been walking around Chaohu Lake almost every morning with his camera, and the lens has recorded many surroundings. There are no recorded birds in the history of Chao Lake. “In recent years, the wetland area has expanded, the water quality of Chao Lake has improved, and the number of fish and shrimp has increased after the fishing ban. Chao Lake has gradually become a paradise for birds, bringing surprises to us photography enthusiasts every year. "" Rare birds appear and inhabit in Chaohu Lake one after another, reflecting the improvement of Chaohu Lake's ecological environment. "Yu Lei, a bird expert from the Chaohu Lake Biological Resources Survey Project Team, said that since the beginning of this year, the bird survey around Chaohu Lake has recorded a total of 257 species of birds in 56 families and 19 orders. "13 new species of birds have been recorded around Chaohu Lake, including the Western Crake , Brown-headed gull , Asian short-toed lark and Long-billed Sandpiper are the newly recorded bird species in Anhui Province, and the white pelican is the new recorded bird species in Hefei City. "
The construction of wetlands has beautified the beautiful scenery of Chaohu Lake with "green mountains on three sides and a lake on one side". More and more local citizens and foreign tourists have gathered around Chaohu Lake, and their sense of gain and happiness has been greatly improved.
Comprehensive policies to build and manage wetlands
How to protect wetlands? How to manage them in the long term?
In 2019, Hefei took the lead in enacting legislation to protect wetlands and issued the "Decision of the Hefei Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee on Strengthening the Protection of the Ten Wetlands Around Chaohu Lake" to inject the rule of law into the protection of wetlands around Chaohu Lake. Strength.
Hefei has also made innovative breakthroughs in wetland compensation mechanisms, wetland protection and restoration mechanisms, etc., formulated the "Ecological Benefit Compensation Assessment Methods for the Ten Wetlands Around Chaohu Lake (Trial)", and implemented financial reward and subsidy policies; relying on the technical strength of universities and experts in the field , compiled the "Chaohu Basin "Technical Guidelines for Wetland Protection and Restoration" to enrich wetland restoration measures; the "Guidelines for the Management and Maintenance of Ten Wetlands Around Chaohu Lake (Trial)" were issued to promote wetland protection and restoration.
Wetlands must be well constructed and managed well. " With the completion of the ten wetlands around Chaohu Lake, the focus in the later period will be on management and maintenance."The relevant person in charge of the Hefei Municipal Forestry and Garden Bureau said that starting from 2022, Hefei will arrange an annual budget of approximately 85 million yuan for three consecutive years, specifically for ecological benefit compensation of the top ten wetlands around Chaohu Lake, and to establish long-term management of wetlands. Mechanism.
When walking in Chaohu Lakeside National Wetland Park, park maintenance and management personnel in uniforms can be seen everywhere. “In order to ensure efficient operation of the park, the district has innovatively adopted a ‘government + state-owned enterprise’ model for operation and management. "Wang Hao, head of the Operation and Management Department of Chaohu Lakeside National Wetland Park, said that the park is now equipped with more than 220 management, patrol, and maintenance personnel, achieving normalized, professional, and refined management and maintenance.
is at the Sanhe National Wetland Park Education Center , on a large screen, data such as wetland temperature, precipitation, wetland functional zones, animal and plant species, etc. are clear at a glance . As the first "national brand" wetland park in Hefei, Sanhe National Wetland Park is at the forefront in scientific research and monitoring. "We cooperate with the School of Resources and Environmental Engineering of Anhui University to monitor the vegetation coverage of the wetland park. Carry out long-term monitoring of land cover types, important environmental factors, alien species, etc. "The staff of Sanhe National Wetland Park Management Center introduced.
"Monitoring is like a 'physical examination', aiming to better manage and maintain the wetland's ecological functions. "The relevant person in charge of the Hefei Municipal Forestry and Garden Bureau said that in the next step, Hefei will build a smart wetland platform, continue to carry out investigation and research on Chaohu biological resources and wetland ecological monitoring, scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of wetland restoration, and achieve data sharing and synchronization of actions on the top ten wetlands. , establish a wetland resource background database and ecological early warning mechanism
"Guangming Daily" (page 10, August 30, 2022)
Source: Guangming.com - "Guangming Daily"
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