1. Institutional functions
Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission is a river basin management agency dispatched by the Ministry of Water Resources. It exercises water administrative management responsibilities in accordance with the law in the Yellow River basin and the inland river areas of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as the basin). It is a public institution with administrative functions.
(1) Responsible for ensuring the rational development and utilization of water resources in the basin. Entrusted by the Ministry, organize the preparation of comprehensive river basin plans and related professional or special plans for river basins or rivers and lakes across provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) within the basin, and supervise their implementation; formulate basin-wide water conservancy policies and regulations. Organize and carry out preliminary work for river basin controlled water conservancy projects, important cross-provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities) water conservancy projects and central water conservancy projects. According to the authorization, it is responsible for the review and approval of relevant planning and central water conservancy projects in the basin, as well as the compliance review of relevant water engineering projects. Conduct technical review of local large and medium-sized water conservancy projects. Responsible for proposing and organizing the implementation of annual investment plans for central water conservancy projects, water conservancy preliminary work, and directly affiliated infrastructure projects in the basin. Organize and guide post-evaluation work on water conservancy planning and construction projects within the basin.
(2) Responsible for the management and supervision of water resources in the basin, and overall coordination of domestic, production and ecological water use in the basin. Responsible for the implementation, supervision and inspection of the " Yellow River Water Volume Regulations". Entrusted by the Ministry to organize the investigation and evaluation of water resources in the basin, and carry out the investigation and evaluation of water energy resources in the basin in accordance with regulations. In accordance with regulations and authorizations, organize the formulation and implementation of inter-provincial water distribution plans in the basin, annual water resources dispatch plans in the basin, and water dispatch plans in drought emergencies, organize and implement the total amount control of water withdrawal licenses in the basin, and organize the implementation of water withdrawal licenses in the basin and Water resource demonstration and other systems, organize and carry out water resource dispatching in river basins and important water projects in river basins in accordance with regulations.
(3) Responsible for the protection of water resources in the basin. Organize the preparation of water resources protection plans in river basins, organize the preparation of water function zoning for rivers and lakes across provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) and supervise their implementation, verify the pollution-bearing capacity of water areas, propose opinions on limiting the total amount of pollution discharge, and be responsible for the setting up of pollution discharge outlets into rivers within the authorized scope. Review permits; be responsible for monitoring water quality conditions of provincial boundary water bodies, important water function areas and important river sewage outlets; guide and coordinate the protection of drinking water sources in river basins, and the development, utilization and protection of groundwater. Provide guidance on local water conservation and construction of a water-saving society within the basin.
(4) Responsible for preventing and controlling floods and droughts in the basin, and undertaking the specific work of the basin flood control and drought relief headquarters. Organize, coordinate, supervise, and guide flood control and drought relief work in the river basin, and implement flood control and drought relief dispatch and emergency water volume dispatch for important water projects in accordance with regulations and authorizations. Organize and implement the river basin flood control demonstration system. Organize the formulation of watershed flood prevention plans and supervise their implementation. Guide and supervise the management and utilization compensation of flood storage and detention areas in the basin. Organize and coordinate the emergency management work of water conservancy and public emergencies in accordance with regulations.
(5) Guide hydrological work within the basin. In accordance with regulations and authorization, be responsible for the monitoring of hydrology and water resources in the river basin and the construction and management of hydrological station networks. Responsible for monitoring the water quantity and quality of important water areas in the basin, directly managed rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and inter-basin water diversion, and organizing and coordinating the monitoring of groundwater in the basin. Publish river basin hydrology and water resources information, intelligence forecasts, river basin water resources bulletins and river basin sediment bulletins.
(6) Guide the management and development of rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal tidal flats in the basin; be responsible for the management and protection of water conservancy facilities, waters and their shorelines in the basin, and the construction and operation management of important water conservancy projects in accordance with the prescribed authority. Guide the work related to the resettlement management of water conservancy projects in the basin. Responsible for the review, licensing, supervision and management of construction projects within the river within the authorized scope. Responsible for the management of sand mining in directly managed river sections and authorized river sections, and guide and supervise the management of sand mining in rivers within the basin. Guide the supervision and management of water conservancy construction markets within the basin.
(7) Guide and coordinate the prevention and control of soil erosion within the basin. Organize the prevention, supervision and management of water and soil erosion in key prevention and control areas. Responsible for the implementation of central investment and construction projects related to water and soil conservation in accordance with regulations, and guide and supervise the implementation of national key soil and water conservation construction projects in the basin.Entrusted by the Ministry to organize the preparation of watershed soil and water conservation plans and supervise their implementation, it is responsible for the supervision and inspection of the implementation of soil and water conservation plans for large and medium-sized production and construction projects approved by the state. Organize and carry out water and soil erosion monitoring, forecasting and announcements in river basins.
(8) Responsible for water administration supervision and water administrative law enforcement within the scope of authority, investigating and handling water violations; responsible for the mediation of inter-provincial water disputes. Guide water conservancy safety production work in the basin, be responsible for safety production work within the basin management agency and the quality and safety supervision of water conservancy projects directly managed; organize and guide the safety supervision of water projects such as reservoirs, hydropower stations and dams in the basin according to authorization. Carry out inspections of centrally invested water conservancy project construction projects in the basin.
(9) Guide the work related to rural water conservancy and rural water energy resources development in the basin in accordance with regulations, be responsible for carrying out water conservancy science and technology, foreign affairs and quality and technical supervision; undertake relevant water conservancy statistics work.
(10) Responsible for the operation or supervision and management of state-owned assets of central water conservancy projects such as river basin control water conservancy projects and trans-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) water conservancy projects in accordance with regulations or authorization; research and propose direct management projects and trans-provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities) water conservancy projects within the basin Municipalities) Water conservancy project water supply prices and directly managed projects on-grid electricity price assessment and adjustment recommendations.
(11) Undertake other matters assigned by the Ministry of Water Resources.
2. Introduction to the written test
The written test of the Yellow River Commission test consists of 200 questions, including single choice and multiple choice. Each question is worth 0.5 points, and the full score is 100 points. The written test content includes three major sections: line test, public foundation, Yellow River and water conservancy knowledge. . Among them, the Yellow River and water conservancy knowledge module is a special module of the Yellow River Committee. It is different from other public institution exams . We will focus on the analysis of this module.
(1) Question volume and score distribution
From the chart, we can see that the distribution of question volume in each module of the Yellow Committee written examination is: Administrative professional ability 100 questions, including 640 questions on language comprehension, 15 questions on quantitative relationships, 30 questions on judgment and reasoning, and 15 questions on data analysis; 60 questions on basic public knowledge, including 40 single-choice questions and 20 multiple-choice questions; 40 questions on Yellow River and water conservancy knowledge, including There are 20 single-choice questions and 20 multiple-choice questions. The proportions of each discipline are: administrative professional ability 50%, basic public knowledge 30%, Yellow River and water conservancy knowledge 20%.
(2) Features of the Yellow River Committee - Yellow River and water conservancy knowledge
1, analysis of question type and quantity
Through analysis, it can be seen that the proportion of each section of the Yellow River basic knowledge is relatively fixed. Management and development accounted for the majority, accounting for between 25% and 50%. In 2016, it once reached 50%, with 21 questions. It was slightly weakened in 2017 and 2018, but has been stable at around 13 in the past two years. Followed by natural geography , accounting for between 20% and 35%. History and culture are also very important. Except for 2017 and 2018, when they were more important, they accounted for about 20%. Last year, the proportion was the same as that of physical geography. There are few socioeconomic and legal policy questions and a small proportion of points.
2. Exam preparation suggestions
In reviewing the basic knowledge of the Yellow River, it is recommended that you focus on governance and development, physical geography, history and culture, social economy, legal policies, etc. Just remember some core test points. The method is mainly based on memorization, and at the same time, it is combined with quizzes. Fill in the gaps and lay a solid foundation. The Yellow Committee's written examination likes to "steal cold rice". The knowledge points tested in previous years will be repeated in the next year. The test points are very fixed, so it is recommended that candidates review carefully based on previous years' real questions to grasp the test situation.
3. Must-memorize common test knowledge points
(1) Equipment for observing water levels include: water gauge and water level meter .
(2) Flood control strategy: block the upper part and discharge the flood, and separate the two sides of the river.
(3) Strategies for dealing with sediment: blocking, adjusting, discharging, releasing and digging.
(4) Flood management ideas: control, utilization, shaping.
(5) The three elements of the hydrological cycle are rainfall, runoff and evaporation.
(6) The observer faces the river downstream, the land on the right, called the right bank.
(7) In a curved section of a river, a bank that is not impacted by the mainstream, has a smaller water depth, slower flow rate, and is often in a siltation state is the convex bank of the shoreline of the curved section.
(8) Three lines of defense to control coarse sediment in the Yellow River: Loess Plateau Soil and water conservation first coarse and then fine, Xiaobei trunk drainage silt coarse and fine discharge, main stream backbone project to block coarse sediment and discharge fine sediment.
(9) River channel management strategy for the lower reaches of the Yellow River: stabilizing the main channel, regulating water and sediment, widening the river and strengthening embankments, and policy compensation.
(10) The Yellow River Basin flood control area is divided into three areas: flood control protection zone, flood storage and detention area, and flood control area (beach area).
(11) Article 38 of the Flood Control Law that came into effect in 1998 stipulates that flood prevention and relief work shall be implemented: the administrative head responsibility system of people's governments at all levels . The administrative regulations issued by
(12) on the development and management of the Yellow River are: Regulations on the Management and Dispatch of Yellow River Water Volume.
(13) Our country’s policy for flood prevention and fighting is: safety, constant preparedness, prevention first, and all-out rescue efforts.
(14) The "Yellow River Basin Flood Control Plan" fortifies the flow rate according to the 22,000 cubic meters per second at Huayuankou approved by the State Council, taking into account the flood detention along the river and Dongping Lake The flood detention zone has a flood detention function. The main section fortification flows along the way are: 21,500 cubic meters per second at Jiahetan, 20,000 cubic meters per second at Gaocun, 17,500 cubic meters per second at Sunkou, and 11,000 cubic meters per second below Aishan.
(15) In 2008, the State Council approved the "Yellow River Basin Flood Control Plan": the short-term goal is to initially complete the Yellow River flood control and siltation reduction system by 2020 to ensure that the flood peak flow of Huayuankou is 22,000 cubic meters per second without breaching the embankments; the long-term goal is to By 2025, a relatively complete flood control and sedimentation reduction system will be built.
(16) In the face of new situations and new problems arising in the Yellow River, our committee was guided by the scientific outlook on development and the new ideas for water control proposed by the party group of the Ministry of Water Resources. At the 2004 River-wide Work Conference, we clearly proposed the goal of maintaining the health of the Yellow River. A new concept of river governance through life. (It is also the goal of Yellow River governance)
(17) In the "Recent Key Governance Plan of the Yellow River Basin", the three main problems facing the Yellow River are: serious threat of floods, acute contradiction between water supply and demand, water and soil erosion, and deterioration of the ecological environment.
(18) In 2008, the Yellow River Committee proposed the development goals and directions of efforts for the governance, development and management of the Yellow River in the future period, namely four turns: shifting the focus of Yellow River flood and sediment management to shaping a coordinated water-sediment relationship, turning water resources into The focus of management and dispatch has shifted to realizing the functional and continuous flow of the Yellow River, the focus of water resources protection has shifted to improving supervision and management levels and enhancing emergency response capabilities, and the focus of soil and water conservation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River has shifted to the management of concentrated source areas of coarse sediment.
(19) The four indicators for Yellow River management are: the embankments will not burst, the river will not flow, the pollution will not exceed the standard, and the river bed will not be raised.
(20) The three major measures for comprehensive soil and water conservation management include: engineering measures, plant measures and farming measures.
(21) The prevention and control of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin is generally divided into three different types of areas: key management areas, key prevention protection areas and key supervision areas.
(22) With the economic and social development of the Yellow River Basin, the amount of sewage discharged into the river has increased rapidly, and the main pollutants are COD and ammonia nitrogen.
(23) At present, the discharge compliance rate of the sewage outlets entering the Yellow River is low, and the main pollution sources are: industrial point source pollution.
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