112 years ago today (May 22, 1907), the famous but tragic "Huanggang Uprising" broke out in the history of modern democratic revolution. The Huanggang Uprising was one of the earliest anti-Qing uprisings launched by the Alliance . Due to lack of preparation and the outnumbered enemy, the uprising failed in the end, and the failure was tragic and tragic. More than 200 revolutionaries were brutally killed by the Qing army. However, one of the main leaders of the uprising, Xu Xueqiu, was misunderstood and "died unjustly" when he was preparing to stage a comeback after the failure of the uprising.
Let us take a look at the whole story of the "Huanggang Uprising" and what happened to the revolutionary pioneer Xu Xueqiu.
The process of the uprising
The Huanggang Uprising was launched by Sun Yat-sen, Xu Xueqiu, and the main alliance member He Ziyuan of the Tongmenghui Jiaying Prefecture and others.
(Xu Xueqiu)
Xu Xueqiu was born in Haiyang (Chaoan), Guangdong in 1875. He was the son of a wealthy overseas Chinese businessman in Singapore and his family was well off. At first, he donated to the Qing court to obtain an alternate Taoist title, but later he determined to "conquer the Manchus and revitalize the Han Dynasty". Returned to China in 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu). The following year, together with He Ziyuan, Qiu Fengjia and other members of the Jiaying Prefecture Revolutionary Party, in the name of undertaking the construction of the Chaoshan railway project and recruiting regiment training, they gathered more than a thousand people, made an appointment to perform righteous deeds, and did not vent their anger before going to Singapore again.
In 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu), he met Sun Yat-sen, joined the Tongmenghui and donated his family property. He was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Army of the Chinese National Army, in charge of military affairs in Lingdong, and then returned to Guangdong to prepare for the armed uprising. Later, Sun Yat-sen sent people to cooperate with Xueqiu and stepped up preparations for the uprising. After the failure of the Shiping Liuli Uprising, the Qing government asked the Japanese government to expel Sun Yat-sen from the country. On March 4, 1907 (the twentieth day of the first lunar month of the thirty-third year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Sun Yat-sen was forced to leave Japan for Annan (today's Vietnam). After arriving in Hanoi, he immediately established the leadership of the Southwest Armed Forces at No. 61 Gambida Street. The general organ of the uprising is preparing to organize and lead the uprising in the three provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. Xu Xueqiu still bears the responsibility for the uprising in Chaozhou. Xu passed the party leaders Yu Chengcheng , Chen Yongbo , He Ziyuan, Xiao Huichang and others to do mobilization and organizational work in the party. However, due to the leakage of the news, it aroused the vigilance of Qing Dynasty Chaozhou Commander Huang Jinfu and Huanggang Dusi Longxi. On May 21, Huanghuangfu sent dozens of soldiers to Huanggang Town, Raoping, Huanggang, and arrested two members of the congregation under pretexts. The next day, Yu Jicheng and others gathered more than 200 party members to revolt outside Huanggang City. After a night of bloody fighting, Huanggang was captured.
html On the 123rd, the rebels established a military government in Siyamen, the old capital, with Chen Yongbo as commander and Yu Jicheng and Zhang Yue as deputy commanders. They announced the peace of the people in the name of "Grand Governor Sun of the Guangdong National Army" (referring to Sun Yat-sen). The insurrectionary army was strictly disciplined and everything was fine. He was innocent of any crime, so he was deeply supported by the masses. The poor people nearby joined the rebel army, and the team soon grew to 5,000 or 6,000 people. However, the uprising happened in a hurry, and the specific organizers did not understand the overall plan. After the incident, people were sent to Hong Kong to ask Xu Xueqiu to come and lead the rebel army. At the right time, the Qing army from Huangjinfu arrived in Chaozhou, 20 miles away from Raoping Huanggang. The rebel army decided to divide the troops into two groups, one led by Chen Yongbo. Chaozhou and Shantou, the goal is When Huang Jinfu led his troops out, he captured his lair; one group, led by Yu Jicheng, rushed directly to Chaozhou to attack Huang Huangfu's troops. When the remaining troops arrived in Chaozhou on the 25th, it was already dawn, and the Qing army was early. Be prepared, As a result, the rebels who attacked Chaoshan changed their plans when they learned of the defeat in Chaozhou, and transferred reinforcements to the remaining rebels to attack the Huangjin Fuqing Army. At this time, the enemy's situation was critical, and reinforcements were sent by Li Zhun, the commander of the Qing Guangdong Navy. Coming, double Fangjia attacked the rebels, so Chaozhou failed to be captured. On the 27th, due to the disparity in strength between the enemy and ourselves, Chen and Yu decided to disband their troops and move to Hong Kong. After the rebellion failed, the officers and soldiers obtained the roster left by the rebels. wantonly Hunting down revolutionaries, the outcome was very tragic. Encountered misunderstanding
After the Huanggang Uprising failed, Xu Xueqiu rushed to Hanoi to report to Sun Yat-sen the story of the uprising and the reasons for its failure. He believed that the reason for the failure of the uprising was the backwardness of arms. If advanced weapons could be purchased, it would be possible to revive. . Sun Yat-sen agreed with Xu Xueqiu's proposal and immediately sent his assistant and Japanese patriot Nagatomo Kauno to Japan to purchase arms.
On October 13, 1907, Xuanye Nagachi's ship carrying firearms arrived in Shanwei . At first, Xu Xueqiu entrusted a Shanwei man named Xu Fotong to take it over on his behalf. However, this Shanwei man broke the promise, and Xu Xueqiu had to hire him in a hurry. A small boat came to inquire about the situation. Xuan Ye was impatient and blamed Xu for being poorly prepared. Xu hurriedly contacted the big boat to pick him up. Since the ship was a Japanese ship, local people gathered curiously to watch, which caused the Qing troops to increase their alert. The Japanese ship was originally transporting coal to Hong Kong, but the charter period had expired. The ship owner was afraid of causing an accident, so he sailed the ship away from Shanwei, which frustrated Xu Xueqiu's plan to receive arms.
This missed appointment made Hu Hanmin, the leader of the Tongmenghui who was in charge of revolutionary affairs in the south and even Nanyang, have a bad impression of Xu Xueqiu, accusing Xu Xueqiu of "untrue and irresponsible". Xuanye went through many hardships and turned thousands of miles, but was unable to complete the plan. He was very frustrated and said that he would not cooperate with Xu Xueqiu on revolutionary matters in the future.
As for the reasons for the failure of this matter, there are two historical data. The first one is as mentioned above. This theory is that the overseas Chinese in Siam and Raoping natives have long supported the revolution in their hometown. Chen Meihu in his article "Raoping Huanggang Revolution" Disclosed; the second is Feng Ziyi's account in his "A History of the Revolution": When Xu Xueqiu was preparing to board the ship to Shanwei in Hong Kong, he discovered that there was a Qing spy on the ship, so he turned back and was delayed for one day. From here we can see that no matter what the reason is, Xu Xueqiu himself is not "talking nonsense" or being "irresponsible". Under such circumstances, it is understandable and appropriate for the alliance to criticize Xu Xueqiu, but alienating and distrusting him from now on is excessive.
was brutally killed
It was precisely because of this alienation and distrust, and the fact that Xu Xueqiu had very little left of the family property he donated before the revolution. After the revolution, the remaining family property was confiscated by the Qing government, so that Xu could no longer recruit party members as before. This will lead to disappointment in Sun Yat-sen and the alliance. From then on, Xu Xueqiu once left the Tongmenghui and joined the Guangfuhui. But his revolutionary spirit remained undiminished. During the recovery of Chaoshan, he, together with Chen Yongbo, Chen Yunsheng and others, recruited old troops in Chaoshan to form a revolutionary team. They cooperated with the militia in Zhang Youlu Village and Sun Danya to attack Shantou, fall into Chaozhou, and recover Raoping, Huilai and other counties. During this period, the military actions of Xu Xueqiu and others harmed the interests of some local officials, gentry, businessmen and people. For a period of time, Xu Xueqiu went to Hong Kong for business, military discipline was relaxed, and his subordinates and soldiers also disturbed the people a lot. Against this background, reactionary forces took advantage of the situation and killed Xu Xueqiu, as well as his comrades Chen Yongbo and Chen Yunsheng, and staged a tragic scene in the modern revolutionary history of Chaoshan.
(Produced by Yidianhao's "Festival Research", Qilu Evening News - Qilu Yidian reporter Zhai Hengshui, reference: Huanggang Uprising, the entry "Xu Xueqiu". The picture is from the Internet)
The content of this article is published by the author of Yidianhao, and does not represent Qilu One point of view.
