htmlO Yuegang, the old Haicheng County is also. In 1958, Haicheng County came to the end of history, and its northern part was included in Xiamen, which is now Haicang Street, Songyu Street, and Xinyang Street. The southern part merged with Longxi County to form Longhai County, which is the lower half of today's Longhai County, including the towns to the south of China Merchants Bureau and Shima Town (excluding).
The successor of Yuegang in the Ming Dynasty---Haicanggang (picture shows the panoramic view of Songyu Wharf in Haicang)
and Yuegang have risen together, while Yuegang has declined. The port has moved from the river to the sea, carrying the afterglow of Yuegang. It has to be Haicang.
Haicang, one of the six districts of Xiamen, formerly belonged to Haicheng County. It is the only area in Xiamen that has Zhangzhou elements.
Like Xiamen's high housing prices and emphasis on tourism, Haicang has been world-famous for its real estate and administrative innovations since its birth. It is in this exaggerated and unreal atmosphere that we have ignored the true face of Haicang.
In fact, Haicang’s status in Xiamen is just like its proud and outstanding geographical location. It is the first industrial and seaport district.
On December 3, 2016, the "Mediterranean New York" and the "Arab Dena" berthed at the same time Xiamen Port Songyu Container Terminal (2 ships of 200,000 tons Level)
Fujian is a large and powerful province in the country's deep-water ports. According to water depth and wind shelter conditions, the coastlines from north to south that can build deep-water berths of more than 100,000 tons include: Ningde area, Shacheng in Fuding, and Sandu Chengao, Xinan, of Australia Sandu Island , Zhangwan, Baima Port; Fuzhou area, Luoyuan Bay 's Jiangmao and Kemen, Changle's Panasonic, Fuqing's Jiangyin and Niutouwei; Putian area, Meizhou Bay 's Soochow; Quanzhou area, Douwei in Meizhou Bay; Xiamen area, Haicang and Songyu in Xiamen Bay ; Zhangzhou area, Dashikeng (Investment Promotion) in Xiamen Bay, Houshi in Longhai , Zhangpu Gulay et al.
Among this deep-water port, Haicang occupies two seats, Haicang Port Area and Songyu Port Area. They have naturally become the backbone of Xiamen Port.
The achievements and importance of Haicang Port are far more than that. It is also an important part of the history of Fujian Maritime Silk Road.
It sprouted in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. It complemented Yuegang and was the first foreign trade port in China in the Ming Dynasty. It is located in Haicheng County, Zhangzhou Prefecture.
Affected by the invasion of Japanese pirates in the Ming Dynasty, Haicheng County was established along the coast of Longxi County from the first to the ninth capital and part of Zhangpu, which means "clearing the sea atmosphere". The first to third capitals are today's Haicang Peninsula, and the eighth and ninth capitals are now Haicang Peninsula. For today's Haicheng Town area, from now on The estuary of Jiulong River has become the inland sea of Haicheng County, commonly known as "Guihai". The south bank of Guihai where the county seat is located is the legendary Yuegang, and the north bank of Guihai is Haicang Port and Songyu Port. Hong Kong also became the name of Haicheng County after Minglong Qingjian County was established.
"The Map of Ancient and Modern Forms and Victories" printed by Jinsha Academy in Houjing, Haicang in the Ming Dynasty (existing in Spain, the map starts with Haicheng)
Gu Yanwu It is said in "The Book of Libing of Prefectures and Countries in the World" that "Fujian people all go overseas from Yuegang, Zhangzhou". An ancient poem describes Yuegang like this: "It is connected to the Japanese countries in the east and Baiaojiang in the south. Goods can travel. "Wealthy merchants gather wealth", "the town is prosperous, and in ancient times it was called Yuegang, Little Suzhou and Hangzhou".
The "East and West Yang Kao" of the Ming Dynasty even affirmed Yue Gang economically, "When I was a Mu Temple, I eliminated the law of barbarian trafficking, so the merchants from the five directions, prosperous in the water country, and the east and west roads, divided the city into east and west roads. It contains treasures, so the foreign objects are not enough to be described, but the Trading money can cost hundreds of thousands a year, relying on both public and private matters. "
The prosperity of Yue Hong Kong lies in the desperate actions of the people, the large number of harbors in Guihai, the developed handicraft industry in Zhangquan, and the remoteness of the emperor. Far.
htmlJuly Yuegang and Haicang are in danger and the people are roughHaicang in the Song Dynasty was immersed in an atmosphere of cultural and educational peace. However, with the slaughter and instability of Mongolia in the Yuan Dynasty, the people of Haicang and Yuegang went through a thorough reshuffle. Later, the folk customs changed drastically, and the tradition of farming and reading from sunrise to sunset moved towards adventurism that was both business and thief.
Relics of the Maritime Silk Road - Kuixing Tower in Haicang during the Ming Dynasty
"The people in Yuegang and Haicang have many goods and are good at stealing." "Records of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty" was recorded in the Renwu article in July of the 15th year of Jiajing, and the Ministry of War overturned the emperor. Shi Bai Bentiao prepared the Japanese affairs, " Longxi Songyu (now Songyu, Haicang) and other places are dangerous and the people are rough, and they have always made a living by sailing. The powerful families there often hide scoundrels, build huge boats privately, provide utensils and food, and rely on each other to make a living. Profit. Please strictly prohibit this."
In October of the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), it is recorded in Yiyou that "Qiu Hongmin, a citizen of Longxi, Fujian (now a native of Xin'an, Haicang), and his party traveled across the sea to Manchuria, Canada and other countries. Trade. Returned to the Kingdom of Siam, pretended to be an envoy, visited King Fan, and ordered his wife Feng to visit King Fan's wife, and received treasures and other items... Hongmin, together with Kang Qidao from the county, and other twenty-six troops, went on a robberies at sea. He is ordered to be retried and decided without injustice."
In October of the eighth year of Jiajing's reign (1529), an article has already been written, "At the beginning, the inferior third class of the French firemen were executed. Guangdong officials separated Annan and Mancijia, and all the ships lurked in Zhangzhou, privately For the city”.
The article of Xinhai in September of the 12th year of Jiajing (1533) contains, "The Ministry of War said: 'Zhejiang and Fuzhou are bordered by the sea. In previous years, the people of Zhang privately built two-masted ships, were good at using weapons and gunpowder, and prohibited traders, so they were robbed. , it has been strictly prohibited by clear edicts'".
The twenty-first year of Jiajing (1542) The Gengzi article in May contains, "Chen Gui, a native of Zhangzhou, and others privately drove a large boat to the sea. When they arrived in Ryukyu, they recruited Cai Tingmei, the governor of the country, and the general secretary, Cai Tingmei, etc. to come to the port. When the Chaoyang sea ships competed for profit, they killed each other. The beautiful house is as expensive as the old royal city, and all the money is lost.”
Xie Bin, a native of Haicheng County, wrote in the "Book of Suppression Matters", "Between Zhengde and Jiajing, there were no more than one or two hundred privately built two-masted large ships in Yuegang. Amid the huge waves, the Japanese were far away. The nearby barbarians from Siam and Pahang are everywhere."
Around the twenty-fourth year of Jiajing (1545), Huang Zhan said in "Hai Shi Cheng", "In March of this year, there were dozens of Japanese barbarian ships, among which the owners were mostly refugees from Zhangzhou and well versed in local customs. , don’t wait To lure people, they came straight to Weitou, Baisha and other Aowan ports. Local products such as Yuegang Xinxian, such as Shiwei cotton cloth, Husi, Chuanxiong, and profit-seeking merchants gathered in the market... By the 19th of this month, Yi. The ships caught wind and fled, and the residents resumed their business.”
In this way, the people of Zhangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, mainly or dominated by the people of Haicang and Yuegang, used Haicang and Yuegang as their bases, and their business was to sell goods to the sea. The bold and desperate people even colluded with the Japanese and Folangji. , Hong Mao, etc. joined the bandits and abused them.
Only then did the Ming Dynasty begin to pay attention to the stability of the Zhangzhou coast. At first, Haicang was the most rampant, so it was the first to set up an Anbian Pavilion in Haicang to manage the order of seagoing in the Guihai area. There were frequent turmoil in Yuegang, and Jinghaiguan was established in Yuegang. As the chaos of Japanese pirates and internal ghosts intensified, the imperial court finally established Haicheng County on the basis of Jinghaiguan. From then on, Haicheng area was stabilized, and Yuegang The glory continues.
In the end, Haichengyue Port and Haicang were reduced to scorched earth in the tug-of-war between the Zheng family and the Manchus, and they have been hidden in the world ever since.
The county is set up by the sea. The county is in the sea, and the sea is in the middle of the county.
Yue Harbor is located at the point where the Jiulong River enters the sea. Its harbor road is "connected to the sea tide on the outside and mountain streams on the inside". It is "a cut in the water and surrounds it like a crescent moon", so name.
htmlOctober Harbor is a strong tidal estuary inner harbor, and the current is a reciprocating semi-diurnal tide shallow sea tidal harbor. The sea tide flows in from the Haimen and Haicang Gorges at the mouth of the river, and is divided into three branches: one flows into the Liuying River (Jiangdong Bridge), and traces up the Beixi River to Pengzhoutou where the Longjin River meets. Today the riverbed is shallow and the current The impact only reaches Guokeng; one branch enters Fugong Port and goes up Nanxi River to Baishuiying; the other branch enters Fuhe River from Yuegang.Haicang Port holds half of the tide of Yuegang, which is the gateway of Yuegang. It has always been the place where ships entering and exiting Yuegang are audited, and Guiyu in Haicang Port guards the throat of Yuegang.
Although Haicang does not have the shape and elegance of Yuegang, its harbor branches are unmatched by other places.
Ming Dynasty Haicang Dubao Map (Longqing was Longxi County before and later Haicheng County)
" sea map compilation " once had this According to this description, "The Anbian Embassy of the People's Republic of China knows the details of the large ships that are prohibited from passing through the border. The ships are all built on the outer islands and anchored in the inner river. They are either sailed to the border or resold to the thieves. Songyu, Jianwei , Changyu, Haicang, Shima, Xulin, Baishi and other areas are the source of pirates." "Tianma Shanfang Posthumous Manuscript" states, "In the Qingzhang'ao District of Haicang, there are islands of whale salamanders and ferocious beasts. Anbian Pavilion was established in the old days, and the governors of the counties with strong winds were selected to live there to suppress and subdue them."
From this point of view, many village communities located on the north and south coasts of Guihai Sea were scattered in large and small areas. At that time, there were dense mangroves, which were most suitable for hiding smuggling ships. In addition, the local people practiced martial arts and abandoned their homes for thieves. , the Haicang area has almost become a den of thieves, which is also a major public security issue that the court is worried about.
Of course, with the legalization of smuggling in Yuegang, this kind of people's character has promoted the development of local commerce, and even developed the miracle of the first private port.
Living on the sea, leaving home as home, traveling thousands of miles to the South Seas
The Xin Chou migration in the early Qing Dynasty completely ruined the navigation industry built by Yuegang and Haicang for hundreds of years. In addition, the Manchu maritime ban policy made the sea a The people of Yuegang and Haicang are living in dire straits.
In Wangsun Village, Luocheng Town, Hui'an County, a stone tablet engraved with "The Boundary of the Order" was found.
The port is still there, and the business has been hard to come back, so the people in Guihai and Hainan have found other ways to go south to make money in Nanyang.
It is very common for Hokkien people to go to Nanyang, but when they are classified into Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, there is a big difference. There are 7 to 8 million Chinese in Quanzhou, while there are only 7 or 8 million in Zhangzhou. Although they are both Hokkien people, This difference in Zhangquan is indeed difficult to understand.
Among the 700,000 to 800,000 people with Zhangzhou citizenship, Haicheng people account for the vast majority, and Yuegang and Haicang people are the best among them, with no less than 300,000 to 400,000 people. This phenomenon can be seen from Hokkien people A peek at the distribution of dialects.
Hokkien can be divided into several sub-dialects according to region and accent, such as: Quanzhou dialect, Zhangzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect , Longyan dialect in the main area, Chaoshan dialect, Taiwanese, Shanwei dialect in the adjacent area, Leizhou dialect and Dianbai dialect in the radiation area. Li dialect, Dianbai Hai dialect, southern Zhejiang Min dialect, overseas Baba dialect, Malaysia Penang Hokkien, Singapore Hokkien, etc.
Haicang Hokkien belongs to Xiamen dialect, but to be precise, it is between Zhangzhou dialect and Xiamen dialect. It is a typical non-Zhangbuquan-biased Xiamen dialect and is not enough to be separated independently. However, the overseas branch of Haicang dialect, Penang Hokkien in Malaysia, has become prominent among overseas immigrant groups and has become a sub-dialect of Hokkien. This is thanks to the settlement and cultural preservation of Haicang people in Penang.
Location map of Haicang and Penang
Haicang used to belong to Sandu in Longxi County, so Penang is also known as Sandu, and its dialect is also called Sandu dialect. The early immigrants in Penang mainly came from Haicang. The main body of the immigrant group was the "Five Major Surnames in Penang", namely the "Qiu" from Xin'an, Haicang, the "Yang" from Xiayang, Haicang, and the "Five Major Surnames in Penang". The "Xie surname" of Tang, the "Lin surname" of Haicang Jinli, and the "Chen surname" of Yingchuan in southern Fujian (including Haicang Shanyang and Tong'an Bingzhou, etc.).
Penang Lung Shan Tong Chiu Clan Company (Ancestral Hall)
Penang Sed Tak Tong Chia Clan Company (Ancestral Hall)
In fact, there are 108 Haicang villages that have immigrated to Penang, which is more than the number of villages that remain in Haicang today. , is simply a living history book of Haicang overseas.
Of course, during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China, Haicang people immigrated to Southeast Asia for a long time, and there are countless Chinese overseas. Today, Penang, Sarawak and Kuching live in relatively scattered areas. There are quite a few, such as the former richest man in Singapore, Qiu Teck Puat, and the first president of the Xingzhong Society, Hong Kong Yang Quyun . These people have the opportunity to become Sun Yat-sen's overseas purse.
There is a recent documentary "A Generation of People from Three Capitals", which describes the immortal achievements of people from the Three Capitals overseas in Haicang in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China in sponsoring and participating in the Revolution of the Republic of China. Therefore, it is called a history of the Three Capitals Overseas and half a history of the Revolution of the Republic of China. .
Sun Yat-sen's "Strategy for the Founding of the People's Republic of China" Far East Big Port Plan
Perhaps it was the overseas Chinese in Sandu who were grateful to Sun Yat-sen for their support for the revolution, or perhaps it was Haicang's deep-water port advantages that favored it, and Haicang's Songyu Port became an important part of the plan in Sun Yat-sen's "Strategy for the Founding of the People's Republic of China" Harbor and new urban area.
"The Founding of the People's Republic of China" writes, "(Xiamen) is also an old treaty port, located on Siming Island. Xiamen has a deep, wide and good harbor area, and controls a considerable hinterland. It spans the southern parts of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces and is rich in Coal and iron ore. I intend to build new buildings to the west of this harbor. "A new commercial port should be established on Songyu Island in Haicang, west of Xiamen Port, to facilitate the export of products from Jiangxi and southern Fujian...Songyu Island should be used as the starting point of the Xiamen to Jianchang (Jiangxi) and Xiamen to Guangzhou railways..." ..This port should be equipped with new equipment to connect land and sea transportation into one."
Songyu Commercial Port Plan Discussion Book
In the late Qing Dynasty before Sun Yat-sen's imagination, Haicang had actually started a pilot project for a new city. At that time, the two major international oil consortiums of the British "Asia" and the American "Mobil" leased Songyu to build. Terminals and oil depots serve as transfer stations and ship refueling bases for transporting oil to inland China.
In 1905, overseas Chinese in Fujian Province raised funds to establish a railway company, and first built the Zhangzhou-Xiamen Railway, which was 45 kilometers long from Songyu on the other side of Xiamen Island to Zhangzhou. Construction started in July 1907 and was repaired to Jiangdong Bridge in May 1910, with a length of 28 kilometers. Due to poor business, the stock payment was suspended. The road was demolished in 1930.
Songyu Railway Station in the late Qing Dynasty
However, all of this came to an abrupt end with the advent of the war. In the following decades, Haicang has been hidden in the ice.
Yuegang is Yuegang, and Haicang is Haicang. There is no overlap in their positions, and they are even tied in terms of port status. Haicang has never been able to become the core area of Zhangzhou because it has no hinterland, or the hinterland covers all of Quanzhou. It is isolated and has no land bordering the Zhangzhou land.
Since Haicheng County was established, considering its geographical location and development potential, Yuegang may have been a worthy choice for the county seat. However, Haicang, which accounts for 1/3 of Haicheng County, could have found another way to seek a high position. However, Haicang can still regard Yuegang as its superior with a humble attitude, and is willing to be a subsidiary port of Yuegang so that its glory will always remain.
htmlThe decline of Yue Port in October may no longer exist. However, with the rise of overseas trade again and the evolution from a river port to a sea port and then to a deep-water sea port, Haicang Port finally has a great opportunity to shine.Haicang is located at the mouth of the Kowloon River where it flows into the sea. It has a deep harbor, a wide sea, and excellent wind protection conditions. It is indeed the best choice for a harbor. And its hinterland extends to Zhangzhou, Longyan and even Jiangxi. The time, place and people are completely favorable. Even during the reform and opening up, the "Haicang Plan" secretly negotiated between Wang Yongqing and Deng Lao of Formosa Plastics combined Haicang's port advantages with Formosa Petrochemicals. Unfortunately, it was hindered by the Taiwan authorities and fell short.
However, no matter what, Haicang Port finally showed its due style in a suitable era. If Yuegang created the miracle of the civilian port in the Ming Dynasty, then Haicang Port is the lingering charm of Chengyue Port, showing The majesty of a modern harbor.
