Civil Service Examination test is an important part of testing the candidates' daily knowledge accumulation. This part of the knowledge range is broad and all-encompassing, requiring knowledge of astronomy and geography. Candidates not only need to observe more and accumulate more, but also pay attention to summarization to facilitate memory. . Today, I summarized the common sense of physics in poetic idioms, hoping to be helpful to all candidates. electronic version of the general knowledge question bank can be arranged according to the picture at the end of the text
1. "The green trees are thick and shaded in the long summer, and the towers are reflected in the pond" [Tang Dynasty·Gaopian·Shanting Summer]
Interpretation:
This is a poem describing summer A seven-character quatrain about the beauty of the sun. These two sentences mean that the summer is long with lush green trees and shade, and the reflection of the balcony is reflected in the pond.
Physics knowledge:
The "dense shade" in the previous sentence refers to the shadow. The shadow is caused by the linear propagation of light. During the propagation process, the sunlight encounters opaque leaves to form a lightless area, which is the shadow; while in the second sentence, "Reflection" is the upright virtual image formed by the reflection of light.
2. "The bright moon is thousands of miles away, the floating light leaps into gold, and the still shadow sinks into the jade" [Song Dynasty Fan Zhongyan· Yueyang Tower Notes]
Interpretation:
The author expresses the different emotions generated by the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the moved poets after climbing the tower to view the scenery. It reflects his broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad with oneself" and his political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and rejoicing after the world's happiness". This sentence describes the scenery. The bright moonlight cascades thousands of miles away, the fluctuating light shines golden, and the quiet moon image is like a jade sinking into the water.
Physics knowledge:
This involves the reflection of light and plane mirror imaging . The "quiet shadow" is actually the virtual image of the moon on the water due to the reflection of light.
Also related to the imaging of plane mirrors are Liu Yuxi's "Looking at the Dongting " "The lake and the moon know each other, and there is no windshield on the lake surface that has not been polished", and Du Mu's "Basin" "The teeth cut through the moss and stole its thread" In the sky, white clouds appear in the mirror, before the bright moon sets on the steps."
3. "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is cloudy and clear, and the moon is waning." [Song Dynasty Su Shi·Shui Diao Songtou]
Interpretation:
This word is a poem about looking at the moon and cherishing people during the Mid-Autumn Festival. , expressing the infinite memory of his brother Su Che. The poet uses image description techniques to outline an atmosphere of a bright moon in the sky, relatives thousands of miles away, and loneliness and vastness, reflecting the fusion of his own mood of independence and the myths and legends of the past. , infiltrated with a strong philosophical meaning, can be said to be a lamentation work that highly integrates nature and society. This sentence is the author's comfort to himself through the moon. People have changes in joys and sorrows, and the moon has changes in waxing and waning. Since ancient times, nothing is perfect.
Physical knowledge:
The moon's "waxing and waning" essentially refers to the changes in the moon's phases. Because the moon is constantly revolving around the earth, and the earth is revolving around the sun, the positional relationship between the three changes, resulting in changes in the moon phases. Since the moon does not emit light but only reflects sunlight, and since light travels in straight lines, when the earth blocks sunlight, we can only see part of the moon.
4. "When the incense burner comes up in the morning, the waterfall sprays into a rainbow" [Tang Meng Haoran·Pengli Lake Zhongwanglu Mountain]
Definition:
This poem is the work of the author when he was roaming around the southeast and passing through Poyang Lake . It was written in Poyang Lake. The scene of looking at Mount Lu from Zhongyuan. This sentence says that a red sun rises from Xianglu Peak and the waterfall turns into a rainbow.
Physics knowledge:
The formation of a rainbow requires two conditions: ① There are small water droplets in the air ② There is light.When sunlight hits a small water droplet, the light is refracted and reflected (sunlight enters the water droplet, is refracted once, then reflects on the back of the water droplet, and finally refracts again when leaving the water droplet, a total of one reflection and two refractions). Light refraction of different wavelengths The rates are different, so you can see a seven-color rainbow from the outside to the inside: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple. In addition, sometimes a double rainbow will appear after rain, also called "Ni", which is the result of two refractions and two reflections of light in water droplets. , the color order is opposite to that of "rainbow", the outermost layer is blue and the inner layer is red.
5. "A setting sun spreads over the water, half of the river is rustling and half of the river is red. Poor night on the third day of September, the dew is like a pearl and the moon is like a bow." [Tang·Bai Juyi·Dusk River Yin]
Interpretation:
This poem is one of the seven musts An excellent first description of scenery. The poet selected two sets of scenery from the time when the red sun sets in the west to the new moon rises in the east to describe, and used novel and ingenious metaphors to create a harmonious and peaceful artistic conception. An afterglow spreads on the river surface, sparkling and golden under the sunlight. Half of the river water is deep green, and the other half is bright red. What is even more lovely is the first moon night when the cool dew falls in September. Drops of dew are like pearls, and the crescent moon is like an exquisite bow.
Physics knowledge:
This poem is so annoying. Every sentence hides physics knowledge. "The setting sun spreads in the water" is formed by the reflection of light and the imaging of plane mirrors. "Half river red" is due to the long wavelength of red light, which is prone to obvious diffraction, making the sunset appear red. "The third night of September" indicates that the natural phenomenon of "dew" occurs in autumn. The temperature drops at night and the water vapor in the air liquefies into "dew". "Dew is like pearls" means that dewdrops are spherical and crystal clear. The spherical shape is due to the surface tension of the liquid, which causes the liquid surface to shrink to the smallest area. Among objects of various shapes with equal volumes, the surface area of spherical objects is the smallest. Dewdrops are particularly The brightness is due to the total reflection of light in and . "The moon is like a bow" refers to the phases of the moon, which are formed by the propagation of light in straight lines.
6. "The flying mirror under the moon, the clouds forming sea towers" [Tang Dynasty·Li Bai·Farewell at the Jingmen Gate]
Interpretation:
This poem was written by Li Bai when he left Shu. Li Bai left Shu this time and took a long boat ride by water, passing through Bayu, exiting the Three Gorges, and heading straight to Jingmen Mountain. The purpose was to visit the hometown of the Chu Kingdom in Hubei and Hunan. At night, when the river surface is calm, looking down at the reflection of the moon in the water is like a bright mirror flying from the sky; during the day, looking up at the sky, clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage-like spectacle.
Physics knowledge:
Among them, "sea tower" refers to mirage. Mirage is an optical phenomenon that mostly occurs on the sea surface or in deserts where the air density is uneven due to different temperatures. Take the sea surface as an example. In summer, the lower layer of air on the sea surface has a lower temperature, higher density, and higher refractive index than the upper layer. We can think of the air on the sea surface as being composed of many horizontal air layers with different refractive indexes. When the light emitted by distant mountains, ships, buildings, people, etc. is emitted into the air, due to continuous refraction, it deviates more and more from the normal direction. The incident angle into the upper air continues to increase, so that total reflection occurs, and the light is reflected back. On the ground, when people look against the light, they will see distant scenery hanging in the air.
7. “If the pond is clear, you may suspect that the water is shallow, but if the lotus moves, you will know that the fish are scattered.” [Tang Dynasty·Chu Guangxi·Fishing Bay]
Interpretation:
When fishing, one bows his head to the blue pool, and the water is clear to the bottom, so he suspects that if the water is shallow, there will be no fish to take the bait; Suddenly I saw the lotus leaves swaying, and I learned that the fish in the water were frightened and fled away.
Physics knowledge:
Due to the refraction of light, the water in the pool looks shallow.
8. "On this day last year, in this gate, the peach blossoms reflected each other's faces." [Tang·Cui Hu·Tidu Chengnanzhuang]
Interpretation:
After Cui Hu went to Chang'an to take the Jinshi examination and failed, he met a beautiful woman in the southern suburbs of Chang'an. I visited the girl again during the Tomb Sweeping Day the following year, but she was nowhere to be found, so I wrote this poem. Last spring, just inside this door, the girl's face reflected the bright peach blossoms.
Physics knowledge:
The reason why the peach blossoms here are red is because they reflect red light. The object itself has no color; the color of the object depends on the visible light it reflects.
1. Pitch black
Interpretation:
describes very darkness without any light. It is also used to describe being confused and ignorant.
Physics knowledge:
The condition for healthy eyes to see objects is that light hits the person's eyes. Some of these lights are the light emitted by the light source itself; some are objects that reflect ambient light such as sunlight, moonlight, and lights and then hit the person's eyes. Eyes, no matter what the case is, the human eye can obtain the position of the light source or object after extending the incoming light in the opposite direction. If you can't see anything, of course it's pitch black.
2. A leaf blocks the eyes.
. Definition:
A leaf blocks the eyes. It is a metaphor for short-sightedness and being confused by local or temporary phenomena.
Physics knowledge:
Light propagates along a straight line. Leaves are opaque objects. Light is reflected on the leaves and cannot reach human eyes. Therefore, human eyes cannot see distant objects.
3. Flowers in the mirror and moon in the water
Definition:
Flowers in the mirror, moon in the water. ①A metaphor for an illusory scene that is elusive and out of reach. ②It is also a metaphor for the ethereal artistic conception in poetry.
Physics knowledge:
The flowers in the mirror and the moon in the water both embody the imaging principle of the plane mirror. The images formed by plane mirrors are all virtual images, so the flowers seen in the mirror and the moon seen in the water are all virtual images.
4. Sitting in a well and looking at the sky.
. Definition:
. Sitting in a well and looking at the sky. Used to metaphor and satirize people with narrow vision or superficial knowledge.
Physics knowledge:
Since light travels in straight lines, the frog in the well will have a small field of view.
1. Jade cannot be used without polishing.
meaning:
polishing: carving, engraving. Jade cannot be made into utensils without being carved. It is a metaphor that if a person does not go through hardships, it will be difficult to become a useful person.
Physics knowledge:
Before the jade is ground, its surface is uneven and the light is diffusely reflected. After the jade is ground, its surface is smooth and the light is specularly reflected.
2. Photographic film - inverting black and white
Physics knowledge:
The camera is made by using the real image principle of placing an object beyond twice the focal length of a convex lens to form an inverted and reduced image, so the image on the photographic film and the person are upside down. The film is coated with photosensitizer. When people take pictures, because the light-colored parts have a strong ability to reflect light, the reflected light enters the camera's dark box and reacts with the photosensitive agent on the film, while the dark-colored parts have a strong ability to absorb light. Very little reflected light hits the film. In this way, light-colored areas are more sensitive to light on the film, while dark-colored areas are less sensitive to light. When the film is developed, the photosensitive agent in the weakly sensitive parts is basically washed away, so it appears light-colored, while the strong photosensitive parts cannot be washed away due to the photochemical reaction, so it appears dark.
3. Zhu Bajie looks in the mirror - he is not human inside and out.
Physics knowledge:
According to the law of imaging by a plane mirror, the image formed by the plane mirror is equal in size to the object, and the object image is symmetrical. Therefore, the image Zhu Bajie sees is exactly the same as himself, and it is still a pig image. , naturally "he is no longer a human being inside and outside"
![ANALOGY | Civil Service Exam sample question [lumabas na dati] Husk is BUNOT - DayDayNews](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oT-cdiQz0fk/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNAFEJQDSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLC1dzC5YlnIDGwPsgAnj2ss5EKTzw)
