You can't just look at the results, it's best to understand the causes.
In 1951, the country promulgated the "Labor Insurance Regulations", which was the pioneering first time in the history of our country that a retirement system was also implemented for workers and employees of enterprises. The relevant retirement system refers to the retirement benefits standards for civil servants and public institution staff. Mainly based on length of service, one receives a certain percentage of one’s basic salary before retirement. Generally it is 50% to 70%, which is a very good alternative for retirement.
In 1957, the State Council promulgated the "Interim Provisions on the Retirement Treatment of Workers and Employees", which unified relevant treatment standards and requirements. According to the regulations, government agencies and institutions are paid by the civil affairs department, and other employers are either paid by the labor insurance fund or paid by the employer. Later, the labor insurance fund stopped accruing , and all retirement payment responsibilities were paid by the employer outside the administration.
As for farmers, who account for more than 90% of the entire population, people did not consider the retirement system of farmers at all at that time. The adoption of the Land Law Outline in 1947 achieved the goal of "land to the tiller" for the first time, which was a huge historical progress. As time went by, people indeed discovered the shortcomings of small-scale farmers' production. For this reason, a large number of agricultural production cooperatives were established in the socialist transformation of state-financed agriculture, which later developed into rural communes. In 1956, the Model Articles of Association of Advanced Agricultural Producers Cooperatives clearly stated that the basic supply of food and firewood to elderly farmers was guaranteed. In the later "Rural People's Commune Work Regulations", it was also clarified that the distribution of production crops must first be guaranteed to be distributed according to population, and then distributed according to work points. In addition, agricultural taxes and collective retentions need to be paid.
Rural output has always been mainly grain. In fact, the distribution of rations can be regarded as a guarantee for the pension system. However, with the implementation of the household responsibility system , we have begun to operate independently as a family unit and be responsible for our own profits and losses. Corresponding countries have established rural subsistence allowance and five-guarantee systems.
In 1991, the state promoted the reform of the enterprise pension insurance system. Later, after two improvements in 1997 and 2005, my country established the current pension insurance system. In October 2014, the same pension insurance system reform was implemented for government agencies and institutions. This is a guarantee system where the more you pay for , the more you get, and the more you pay for a long time, the more you get for . For permanent workers in state-owned enterprises and employees in government agencies and institutions before the implementation of the pension insurance system, their continuous service years can be regarded as payment of premiums. The "Social Insurance Law" stipulates that social insurance premiums during the deemed payment period shall be borne by the state. This is effectively an extension of the previous retirement system.
No matter what kind of group we are, we will continue to develop and improve the original system. Farmer contract workers can also pay contributions through enterprise pension insurance and enjoy employee pension benefits. After the household registration reform in 2014, farmers can also participate in the flexible employment pension insurance and receive employee pensions if they meet the conditions. This is all about continuous progress and continuous improvement of the pension insurance system.
As the country develops, it will also provide farmers with more welfare benefits. The country abolished agricultural taxes in 2006, breaking the shackles that had bound farmers for thousands of years. The country has fully begun to support the agricultural industry, and now anyone who grows grain can receive a variety of subsidies. All systems actually take effect from the time they are implemented, not retroactively.
In order to include more people in the pension security system, the country began to pilot a new rural pension insurance system in 2009. In 2014, it merged with the urban residents' pension insurance system into urban and rural residents' pension insurance . The state has made it clear that before the local implementation of the new rural pension insurance system, elderly people who have reached the age of 60 can directly receive basic pensions without paying any fees. This is also a manifestation of national welfare .
According to the 2020 Human Resources and Social Security Development Statistical Bulletin , there were 160.68 million urban and rural residents receiving pension insurance benefits that year, the total expenditure on pension insurance funds was 335.5 billion yuan, and the per capita pension insurance fund benefits were 174 yuan per month.There are 127.62 million people receiving basic pension insurance benefits for urban employees, the total expenditure on pension insurance funds is 5,130.1 billion yuan, and the per capita monthly pension insurance fund benefits are 3,350 yuan. In fact, the total income of the two pension insurance funds is 485.3 billion yuan and 4,437.6 billion yuan respectively, and the cumulative balances of the pension insurance funds are 975.9 billion yuan and 4,831.7 billion yuan respectively.
One is welfare protection, and the other is payment mechanism. There is a huge difference between the two types of pension insurance, and there is a reason. With the development of the times, the pension insurance system will continue to improve, and perhaps the two types of pension insurance will one day be merged.
