This article is about 7900 words, and it takes about ten minutes to read it. Welcome to leave your ideas and discuss and study it together. The suspended ceiling, also known as the ceiling, refers to the ceiling after the decoration is completed. It not only carries the system fu

This article is about 7900 words, and it takes about ten minutes to read it. Welcome to leave your ideas and discuss and study it together.

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• Section 1:Sequence
• Section 2:Related terms
• Section 3:Ceil height
• Section 4:Ceil form
• Section 5:Ceil material
• Section 6:Ceil end point
• Section 7:Technical points of ceiling design
• Section 7:Technical points of ceiling design
• Section 8: ceiling design ideas

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Section 1: Sequence

ceiling, also known as ceiling, ceiling, refers to the ceiling after decoration, which not only carries the space light environment, HVAC, humidity and heat, water supply and drainage, electrical, acoustics, fire protection, security, audio and video, information and other system functional equipment, but also carries the decoration construction of hanging doors, sound insulation, etc., and also expresses the emotional atmosphere of the space, playing a crucial role in the integrity, aesthetics, functionality and perception of the space.

Related architectural design specifications for ceiling requirements and definitions:

"Uniform Standards for Civil Architecture Design" GB 50352-2019

6.15 Covering Ceiling

6.15.1 The outdoor ceiling should reasonably select the materials and forms of the ceiling according to the nature, height of the building and the geography, climate and environment of the project location. The suspended ceiling structure should meet the requirements of relevant standards such as safety, fire resistance, earthquake resistance, wind resistance, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance. Outdoor ceilings should have enhanced measures to resist wind and peeling.
▲ Article Description
6.15.1 When the ceiling is outdoors, it will be affected by the natural environment, such as wind, snow, air corrosion, temperature and humidity, sunlight and other factors. If the ceiling form and materials are not reasonably selected according to the actual situation of the specific project, it will affect the safety of the ceiling. Especially at the beach, all materials such as hanging parts, pipelines, etc. used in the ceiling should be corrosion-resistant, otherwise there will be safety hazards over time.

6.15.2 The materials and forms of the ceiling should be reasonably selected according to the functional characteristics, height, environment and other conditions of the use space. The suspended ceiling structure should meet the requirements of relevant standards such as safety, fire resistance, earthquake resistance, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, and sound absorption.
▲ Article Description
6.15.2 Although the environment of an indoor suspended ceiling is much better than that of an outdoor suspended ceiling, it also requires the reasonable selection of forms and materials based on the characteristics of the use place.

6.15.3 The junction of outdoor ceilings and indoor ceilings should have insulation or insulation measures, and should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national building energy-saving standards.

6.15.4 The hanging of the ceiling and main structure should have safety structural measures. Heavy objects or vibration equipment should be directly hung on the building load-bearing structure, and structural calculations should be carried out to meet the requirements of the current relevant standards; when the length of the hanging rod is greater than 1.5m, a steel structure support frame or counter support should be installed.

6.15.5 The ceiling system shall not be hung on equipment pipelines or facilities in the ceiling.

6.15.6 Ceilings with more pipelines should comply with the following provisions:

1 Reasonably arrange various equipment pipelines or facilities, and should comply with the current national fire prevention, safety and related professional standards;

2 The ceiling of the person should meet the requirements of pedestrian and maintenance loads, and should leave room for maintenance. Inspection roads (horse roads) and manholes for easy entry and exit of the ceiling should be set up as needed;

3 Prefabricated ceiling panels that are easy to disassemble or maintenance holes should be set up at required locations.

6.15.7 When water pipes are installed in the ceiling, measures should be taken to prevent condensation.

6.15.8 Waterproof or moisture-proof materials and measures to prevent condensation, drip and discharge condensation; cast-in-place plates should be used for ceilings in humid rooms or environments.

Section 2: Related terms

1. Floor height: In the construction industry, it often refers to the height between the middle line of the floor slab, or the height between the upper floor slab surface to the lower floor slab surface, the upper floor slab bottom to the lower floor slab bottom. The floor height in the decoration industry often refers to the height from the top surface of the mall floor slab to the bottom surface of the lower floor slab, which is both a blank height.
2. Beam height: In the construction industry, it often refers to the height from the upper floor slab surface to the bottom of the beam, including the thickness of the floor slab. In the decoration industry, the height of the beam often refers to the height from the bottom of the beam to the bottom of the floor, and does not include the thickness of the floor.
3. horizontal plane: both ±0, including building plus or negative zero, structure plus or negative zero, decoration plus or negative zero, the difference between the middle is determined by the process design.
4. Absolute height: the difference between both the high and the low.
5. relative height: both relative to a certain point, generally refer to the height of the horizontal plane.
6. height: usually refers to the relative height of this major (industry).
7. Net Height: The height between the decorative finishes the ground and the top surface.
8. elevation: both the height marked, relative to the level of this major.

Section 3: Ceiling height

Ceiling height plays a decisive role in the space height.

. The net height of the area where people are normally active should not be less than 2.m.

" [Unified Standard for Civil Architectural Design] GB 50352-2019" Relevant provisions:

6.3.3 The indoor net height of a building room should comply with the current relevant national architectural design standards. The net height at the lowest point where people have normal activities such as basements, local mezzanines, walkways, etc. should not be less than 2.0m.

6.5.2 The setting of the shelter layer shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Fire Protection Code for Building Design" GB 50016, and shall comply with the following provisions:

1 When the shelter layer meets the shelter area, other areas outside the shelter area can double as equipment rooms and other spaces, but each functional area should be relatively independent and should meet the requirements of fire prevention, vibration isolation, sound insulation, etc.;

2 The net height of the shelter layer shall not be less than 2.0m. When the shelter layer takes into account other functions, the net height should be determined according to the needs of the functional space.

6.5.3 The net height of the overhead layer where people are normally active should not be less than 2.0m.

. The height of the residential floor should not be less than 2.8m.

① bedroom and living room (living room) should not be less than 2.40m. The local net height should not be less than 2.10m and less than 1/3 of the used area;

② When the space in the slope roof is used as a bedroom or living room (living room), at least 1/2 of the used area should not be less than 2.10m.

③ The indoor net height of the kitchen and bathroom should not be less than 2.20m. The net distance between the lower surface of the drainage pipe in the kitchen and bathroom should not be less than 1.90m and shall not affect the opening of doors and windows.

"【Residential Design Code】GB 50096-2011" related regulations:

5.5 Floor height and indoor net height

5.5.1 The residential floor height should be 2.80m.
▲Article Description
5.5.1 Controlling the residential floor height below 2.80m is not only a matter of controlling investment, but more importantly, it is related to residential land saving, energy saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection. The relatively unified floor height is very meaningful in the early stages of the current industrialization of residential buildings. For example, it has practical significance for the development of residential special elevators, ventilation and exhaust vertical pipes, complete cabinets, etc. If there is a clear floor height, the main parameters of this type of product can be determined. The 2.80m floor height regulation has been implemented nationwide for many years, and it is necessary to further control the floor height for ordinary residential buildings in order to save energy.
5.5.2 The indoor net height of the bedroom and living room (living room) should not be less than 2.40m, the local net height should not be less than 2.10m, and the indoor area of ​​the local net height should not be greater than 1/3 of the indoor use area.
▲ Article Description

5.5.2 Bedrooms and living rooms (living rooms) are the most frequent spaces in residential suites and are also places where large furniture is concentrated. This article requires that the indoor net height shall not be less than 2.40m to ensure basic use requirements. Internationally, there are many countries that position the indoor net height of 2.40m, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Hong Kong in our country. According to the standards of these countries and regions, it is feasible to set the indoor net height of 2.40m.
In addition, according to relevant data analysis of air cleanliness test, the concentration value of C02 in indoor air in different floor heights did not change significantly in winter.
The indoor local net height of the bedroom and living room (living room) should not be less than 2.10m, which refers to the net height at the bottom of the indoor beam, the distance between the bottom of the cabinet in the upper hanging cabinet in the movable space and the ground, etc. Only when it is controlled at 2.10m or more can the residents' basic activities and a sense of security be guaranteed.
In a room, when the indoor area with a local net height such as beams and hanging cabinets that are less than 2.40m and higher than 2.10m exceeds 1/3 of the room area, it will seriously affect the use function. Therefore, it is required that the indoor area of ​​such a local net high should not be greater than 1/3 of the indoor use area.
5.5.3 When using the space inside the sloped roof as a bedroom or living room (living), the indoor net height with at least 1/2 of the usable area should not be less than 2.10m.
▲ Article description

5.5.3 The design of using the space inside the sloped roof as various activity spaces is generally welcome. According to the principles of ergonomics, the residents' movements are relatively convergent when moving in the space inside the sloped roof. The so-called "whether you can't bow your head under the eaves?" Therefore, the indoor net height requirement is slightly lower than the net height requirement of ordinary rooms. However, when using the space inside the slope roof as a bedroom or living room (living), there should still be certain height requirements, especially for areas that require upright movement. If the net height is less than half of the space with a net height of 2.10m, it will be difficult to use.
The usable area of ​​the space inside the slope roof is different from the floor area of ​​the room. When implementing the minimum usable area provisions of Articles 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of this Code on the minimum usable area of ​​bedrooms and living rooms (halls), it is necessary to follow the provisions of Article 4.0.3, paragraph 5 of this Code: "When using the space in a sloped roof, the space with a net height of less than 1.20m and the use area of ​​the floor below the roof panel and the floor floor shall not be calculated. The use area of ​​the space with a net height of 1.20m to 2.10m shall be calculated as 1/2, and the space with a net height of more than 2.10m shall be included in the use area within the set" to ensure that the minimum usable area standard of bedrooms and living rooms (halls) meets the requirements.

5.5.4 The indoor net height of the kitchen and bathroom should not be less than 2.20m.
▲ Article Description
5.5.4 There is less traffic in the kitchen and bathroom, and the indoor net height is lower than that in the bedroom and living room (living room). However, the relevant gas design and installation specifications require that the kitchen should not be less than 2.20m; the bathroom should not be less than 2.20m in terms of air capacity, ventilation and exhaust height requirements, etc. In addition, from the perspective of the development of kitchen and bathroom equipment, the indoor net height is less than 2.20m and is not conducive to the layout of equipment and pipelines.
5.5.5 The net distance between the lower surface of the drainage pipe in the kitchen and bathroom and the floor and the ground shall not be less than 1.90m, and shall not affect the opening of doors and windows.
▲ Article Description
5.5.5 The kitchen and bathroom area are small. Even if the drainage horizontal pipe under the roof is set against the wall, if the bottom of the pipe (especially the water storage curve) is too low from the building and the ground, it often causes collisions and hinders the opening of doors and windows. This article makes relevant provisions on this.

. The net height of bicycle garages and equipment rooms should not be less than 2.0m, and the net height of private garages should not be less than 2.2m

"【Residential Design Code】GB 50096-2011" Relevant provisions:

6.9.3 When making bicycle garages and equipment rooms in a residential basement and semi-basement, the net height should not be less than 2.00m.
▲ Article Description
6.9.3 The net height of the residential underground garage and equipment room should be at least equal to the net height of the public corridor, so it cannot be less than 2.00m.
6. 9.4 When the aerial floor and semi-basement of a residential building are used as motor vehicle parking spaces, the net height should not be less than 2.20m.
▲ Article Description
6.9.4 When the elevated floor and semi-basement on residential land are used as motor vehicle parking spaces, they should comply with the relevant provisions of the industry standard "Car Garage Building Design Code" JGJ 100. Taking into account the spatial characteristics of the residence and the fact that small cars are parked around the residence are mainly parked, this provision refers to the provisions on the clearance of small cars in the "Car Garage Building Design Code" JGJ 100.

. The height of other functional spaces must meet functional needs and on-site structure

① The store height is usually 3.m-3.5m;

② The height of a private garage is usually 2.2m; but the height of the garage passage should be 2.8m. It is necessary to consider the entry and exit of garbage trucks and furniture trucks (generally, large objects such as mattresses are more convenient to go to the basement), and also consider the impact of ground shock absorbing belts and sprays on air height; if there are other needs, such as trucks, fire trucks, trucks, etc., it should be designed according to the actual situation.

. For situations where the height is too low and cannot be changed, the top anti-collision measures will be taken when passing.

. It highly affects the utilization rate of space and construction costs, and also creates the atmosphere image of the space, showing the attributes of the space. Some spaces need to be tall and open, such as churches, conference halls, lobbies, halls, etc.; some spaces need to be arrogant and individual, such as concert halls, art parking; some need to be narrow and quiet, such as tea room; some spaces need to be closed and depressed, such as guard rooms, etc.

Section 4: ceiling form

1. From the masking effect: closed, fully open, semi-open, partial structure decorative, etc.
2. shape: Flat roof, suspended roof, return lamp trough ceiling, "L" lamp trough ceiling, straight, folded, curved, arc-shaped, single eyelid ceiling, stacked ceiling, triangular roof, trapezoidal roof, "entered" font, ⚪ type, square, "field" font grid, inner and outer circle, inner and outer frame, oval, polygon, European arc lamp trough, quarter rounded corner lamp trough, quarter oval lamp trough, quarter round lamp trough edge, inclined top, curved top, etc. There are also methods of interpreting structural beams through North American grassland style, rattan weaving and bamboo weaving practices, as well as Chinese civilian gardening practices and Chinese palace bracketing practices. Various practices are endless and often interspersed with one or more practices.

Section 5: Ceiling Materials

Commonly used materials include: paint, wood veneer, stainless steel, mirror, wall, wall cloth, gold foil, silver wave, bamboo weaving, rattan weaving, gauze, wire mesh, iron art, light box, advertising words, lamp film, film, iron sheet, flooring, etc.; and the use of prefabricated or customized components such as wooden decorative components, gypsum components, PU, ​​GRG, etc.

Section 6: The end point of the ceiling

1. HVAC point: air conditioner, fresh air (the air outlet is close to the side where people often stay, and the air conditioner is lost), air heater (usually outside the shower room, close to the shower room and outside the ceiling partition), cold bar (can be blown to the cooking position in the direction of the air outlet), ventilation, smoke exhaust, air replenishment, smoke blocking, etc.
2. Fire points: spraying, smoke sensing, broadcasting, gas detection, temperature sensing detection.
3. audio and video points: audio, amplifier, speaker, projection, TV, etc.
4. security points: monitoring, intrusion prevention, range locking and monitoring, edge monitoring and anti-fall, etc.
5. maintenance port: used for maintenance of HVAC equipment, light belt drive and other equipment facilities. General standards for setting maintenance ports: ① The maintenance port is generally 350*350mm, and the maintenance port is generally 600*600mm. You only need to reach out and operate the maintenance port 60-100mm, ensuring the operation of maintenance, the distance is not long, and it cannot be blocked by pipelines, beams, etc., and the maintenance accessories are easy to enter and exit and install; ② The equipment length of the air conditioning maintenance port is generally +350, close to the side of the refrigerant pipe and the inner joint (facing the air supply ）Ｂ１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１１ Minimize the trouble of reserved maintenance ports and later maintenance.
6. curtain box motor, electric clothes rack, wardrobe shoe cabinet power supply and signal cable reserve.
7. lamps and induction switch points: The lighting design should not directly hit people, and the induction switch should meet the sensing range and control logic.
8. Emergency evacuation lighting and signpost points.
9. other equipment power supply and signal points, weak current, network, information, etc. are required.

Section 7: Technical points of ceiling design

1. Styling and materials echo the spatial layout, spatial scale, and spatial style. It is advisable to arrange the ceiling according to the functional area. If the atmosphere in a small space is not easy to be too high, the large space is not easy to be too low, and the darkness is not easy to be too dark. Maintain overall coordination and consistency of the spatial atmosphere.
2. The shape, materials, and equipment do not conflict with the spatial structure, and the space is shaped according to the structure. Pay attention to the beam structure, the equipment can be installed and operated normally, and reserved the installation space of the base layer and finish.After the ceiling is completed, the exposed ceiling part of the equipment is above the opening surface of the doors and windows, which will not block the opening of the doors and windows, ensuring that the doors and windows can be opened completely and normally.
3. modeling and materials do not conflict with hidden equipment and pipeline pre-embedding. There are the following points: ① Consider the space of the pipeline itself, fixing the bracket space, insulation layer thickness, joints, turning, and connecting component space, reserve shock absorption, heat dissipation, and sealing space, as well as the cross-over and overlapping space, the position and height of the beam penetration of different professional equipment and facilities pipelines, such as air-conditioning refrigerant pipelines, air-conditioning drainage, water supply and drainage, fresh air, water pumps, bridge trays, water connection trays and water leakage alarms, top drainage pump pipelines and other pipelines. ② The size of the equipment installation needs to be pre-embedded into the ceiling, such as the height of the lamp, the thickness of the air outlet, the internal structure space dimensions of the equipment facilities that need to be pre-embedded, such as the height of the lamp, the thickness of the air outlet, the rolling shutter door, the folding door, the glass door, the sliding door, the revolving door, the shaft of the sky, the top spray shower, the projection, the lifting TV, the lifting bed, etc.
4. shape’s own process structure dimensions, including the sizes of the hanging parts, keels, base layers, decorative surface layers, as well as the convenience of subsequent work construction and equipment installation. upper human keel uses Ø8 steel bars (M8 full-tooth boom) + C60 main keel (C60X27X1.2) + C50 secondary keel (C50x20X0.6); if not upper human keel, use Ø6 or Ø8 steel bars (M6, M8 full-tooth boom) + C38 main keel (C38X12X1.0) / C50 main keel (C50X20X0.6) + C50 secondary keel (C50X20X0.6). light steel keels include ceiling keels and partition keels according to their uses, and V-shaped, C-shaped, T-shaped, L-shaped, and U-shaped keels according to their cross-sectional forms. The main specifications of partition keels are divided into Q50, Q75 and Q100. The main specifications of suspended ceiling keels are divided into D38, D45, D50 and D60. Conventional construction method of ceiling: ① DG8 (Φ8mm)/DG12 (Φ12mm), distance 0.9-1M, and the edge-to-side hanging rib is less than 0.3m from the wall (cantilever part); the length of the ceiling boom of is less than 1000mm, a φ6 boom can be used. If it is 1000mm, a φ8 boom should be used, and a reverse support should be installed; if it is 1000mm, a φ8 boom should be used, and a reverse support should be installed for the ceiling of the ceiling with a length of less than 1000mm, a φ8 boom can be used. If it is greater than 1000mm, a φ10 boom should be used, and a reverse support should be installed. ②DM main keel (carrying keel) DM-50/DM-60, spacing less than 1m, and a wall side less than 0.3m, and the lengthwise direction of main keel should be arranged in ; ③ The spacing between flat iron hanging plates is less than 0.8m, and the two ends are less than 0.3m from the wall; ④ DF secondary keel (sub-keel, cover keel) DF-50/DF-60, spacing 0, 4m; ⑥M8# galvanized series Keel members, 60 series keels, 38 series card type keels, edge keels, and anti-rust screws are fixed, and the upper ceiling is not covered by the person; ⑦ The corner keel skeleton is reinforced by galvanized iron cover angles, and the secondary keel is reinforced by flat iron oblique braces, and the gypsum board is used for "7" corners; ⑧ The lamp trough hanging board is connected by dovetail tenons, and the back base plate hanging board is reinforced and flat iron hanging bars are added; ⑨ The curtain box length exceeds 3m, and a 15m thick flame retardant board base layer is required; ⑩ Drysalt board needs to be overlapped in the wrong seams, and 2-3Mm gaps are reserved for paste. All materials must have three-proof (fire, moisture-proof, and mildew-proof) performance to meet the regional requirements for the material's weather resistance, as well as the deformation of cold, moisture and freezing. Special places have requirements for ants, insects and waterproof performance. Specific environments can bear certain vibration deformation caused by the airflow, wind pressure and sound waves of the equipment. If necessary, reinforcement and soft connection or buffering measures should be taken, and flame-retardant version frame reinforcement measures should be used for air vents, cold bars, bathroom heaters, and maintenance ports. ⑪The horizontal air outlet needs to be fixed on the base plate, and the vertical air outlet opening gypsum board needs to be reinforced on the back and suspended to bear the weight of the air outlet. ⑫Remedial measures should be taken for damage to keel during installation points. ⑬Sound insulation is done in areas where noise is high or sound insulation is required. ⑭The top of high-end kitchen and bathroom should be made into a conversion layer, and screws should not be made on the top. ⑮ Pay attention to safety and stability of suspension equipment, and carry out reinforcement structures when necessary. The ceiling and equipment must not share the suspension ribs, and consider the noise reduction, shaking and insulation measures of the equipment. ⑯For expansion joints exceeding 15M, you can either make finished products or reserve them. ⑰The middle part arches 1%-3% in the direction of the long side. ⑱If the length of the suspending rib exceeds 1.5M, it is necessary to reverse support or convert the layer. If the suspending equipment is complicated, it is not recommended to use reverse support. ⑲Consider the feasibility of construction implementation. Border keel DU-20. Cerrated keel DL-30. Hanging parts DH-50/DH-60. Card parts DC50-50/DC60-60. Pendant DCN-50/DCN-60. Connector D50CL1.2/D60CL1.0.Expansion bolt M8/M12.
5. The arrangement difference between the center size of the comprehensive point position and the outline size.
6. gypsum lamps and magnetic track lamps, line assembly summary, equipment installation affects the ceiling and the degree of installation improvement.
7. Detailed closing treatment: connection processing between different base layer methods, receiving port processing for different finishing materials, closing treatment for different heights, closing treatment with the wall (wall joints, top joints, bathroom wall first and top surface), feasibility and closing treatment for special-shaped construction, and the surface material is installed stably. Process seam treatment, one is decorative effect, beauty, segmented shape, etc., and the other is to turn the sun corner or plane that is prone to cracking and curling into the shade corner.

light steel keel ceiling section view

light steel keel ceiling section

optimization method, gypsum lines and gypsum board overlap too short and easily cracked

optimization method, increase the overlap length of gypsum lines and gypsum board to avoid cracking

but GRG is putty to directly patch the joints, and gypsum board is batch scraped putty to brush paint. If the process joints can be made between GRG and gypsum board, it will be more perfect.

GRG and gypsum board. Process style

8. Reinforcement of ceiling structure and lifting objects

① Reverse support structure process:

A. Suitable for ceiling to floor slab height between 1.5-2.0m;

B.45° obliquely supports 2m one, scattered from the center in the shape of a plum blossom to support the main keel, and the "eight" shapes are distributed in a staggered manner in different straight lines and in different directions.

C. The main keel or angle steel can be used for the reverse support.

reverse support method

② Inverted triangle reverse support structure technology:

A. Suitable for ceiling to floor slab height between 1.5-2.0m;

B.45° obliquely supports 2m one, and spreads from the center in the shape of a plum blossom to support the main keel, and the "eight" shapes are distributed in a staggered manner in different straight lines and in different directions.

C. The main keel or angle steel can be used for the reverse support.

③The reverse support structure process of the main keel:

A. Suitable for ceiling to floor slab height between 1.5-3.0m;

B. Add a horizontal support main keel at 1/2 of the hanging rib;

C. Every other hanging rib passes through the main keel and fixes the upper and lower nuts;

D. Make an inverted triangle support structure on the horizontal support keel.

④Board length pulling method:

A. Suitable for the height of the ceiling to the floor slab between 1.5-3.0m;

B. cable-stayed steel bars set every two times the spacing between the main keel;

C.∅8 steel bars can be replaced by M8 full-tooth hanging rods, but anti-rust treatment is required at the welding site.

reverse support ceiling details - Boom length pulling method

⑤ steel frame conversion layer method:

A.. Suitable for ceiling to floor slab height greater than 3.om;

B. conversion layer boom uses angle steel, channel steel and other rigid components, and the end of the rod is reliablely connected to the bottom of the floor slab.

C. In order to ensure the stability of the conversion layer, there should be oblique braces that are reliably connected to the concrete beam side and wall side, and should be set in vertical and horizontal directions. When it cannot be connected to the beam side or wall side, cross-tie rods should be installed between the booms, and vertical and horizontal directions should be installed.

D. Need to be anti-rust treatment.

Hoisting Boom + Steel Frame Conversion Layer Method:

A. The method of reverse support/conversion layer is to make the length of the hoisting Boom not more than 1500mm, so the method of converting layer can also be made: Hoisting Boom + Angle Steel + Hanging Boom. This method is more important than the conversion layer of the all-steel frame Save costs and be more flexible in actual applications

B.

C.

D.

ceiling installation suspension:

consider dynamic load

X＜1KG direct gypsum board opening installation,

1KG≤X≤3KG to strengthen secondary bone,

3KG≤X≤ 60KG is used for special expansion bolts to be subjected to stress,

60KG≤X≤120KG is used for special angle iron to be subjected to stress,

X>120KG is used for special reinforcement of wildebeest

Section 8: Regarding the air conditioning system

air conditioning systems include VRV, VAV, and FCU (see: [ Interior Design Common English Code Interpretation https://www.toutiao.com/article/7169227968051790370/] The author commented on ) .

The wind out modes are: wind out of the top, wind out of the wall, and wind out of the ground.

Here we mainly discuss the following several issues of top air outlet :

1. air outlet ventilation size needs to be met, the internal air outlet should be as good as possible to match the decorative air outlet, the interior of the decorative air outlet is black, and a double-layer filter is required. The air outlet (diffuser) has square, round, long single-layer louvers and double-layer louvers, and the materials are aluminum alloy, ABS, wood, etc.
2. Decorative return air flow machine: side delivery down, (front) side delivery (back) side delivery, down delivery side return, down delivery next return (reward) side delivery (over 1.5m), same side delivery (over 1.5m distance between return air) and ceiling return air.
3. avoids short circuit in the return air, and the time distance between the return air on the same side is more than 1.5m.
4. supply air to avoid being blocked by the shape and cannot spread.
5. Do not blow directly to the head of the bed, the air outlet can blow 45° towards the wall. If there is no condensate drainage pump, ensure that the water connection tray is at the highest position in the condensate drainage system. The condensate can be discharged normally. In communication with Party A and other professionals, pay attention to the air outlet thickness, face size, neck size, and hose.
6. inner unit should reserve a 50mm connection hose up and down position or space for the air outlet or the refrigerant pipe, as well as the thickness of the pipeline insulation layer. The downward bending distance of the air supply pipe on the lower side is at least 150mm wide (excluding) if sent back on the same side, pay attention to the space for the air duct bend behind the inner unit.
7. Consider the maintenance location and face the internal unit to send air to the right.

side send next return method node

(front) side send (back) side return method node

down send side return method node

down send next return plane

down send side return method flat

same side send back (return air spacing is more than 1.5m)

main bedroom is ceiling return Wind (using ceiling cavity as return air duct)

ceiling design ideas

Principle: the shape is the first, the light is the heavy;

ensures the function of the equipment, the point position is horizontal and vertical, and the center is equidistant, and the light and dark (the difference between the point position and the hidden, the center size position and the edge positioning of the object) boundaries are clear.

. Early work:

① Scheme streamlined, furniture positioning is accurate, wall finishing is completed, facade shape and closing is accurate;

②Clarify the shape layout and materials (results, reference pictures, intention concept sketches);

③Clarify the lamp layout plan (main lighting, secondary lighting, ambient light);

④Collection and integration of various majors' funding and technical specifications and standards (building, structure, embedded holes, curtain walls, fire protection, HVAC, electrical, water supply and drainage, audio and video, intelligence, etc.).

. Ceiling arrangement:

① Determine the shape segmentation arrangement according to the plane as the main center axis of the shape;

② Construct the shape arrangement method, modulus, and modeling sub-center axis;

③ Arrange the light as the main axis of the point according to the plane and the shape;

④ The initial comprehensive point is the point sub-center axis, with functions as the main and uniform distribution as the secondary, with obvious objects as the main and hidden objects as the supplement, with the point edge spacing as the main, taking into account the point center spacing as the main;

⑤ Re-inspection and investment promotion and comprehensive point fine arrangement;

⑥ Marking and numbering;

⑦ Re-inspection, joint review of each major, and report to the review.

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Attached a few favorite pictures