As a natural organic compound complex, wood contains nutrients that can satisfy biological growth and is prone to destruction by various organisms. The most intuitive and serious of these are wood pests, which not only affect the beauty of the wood, but can even cause it to lose its use value and cause serious economic losses.
The entire process of wood from cutting to processing to manufacturing products entering consumers' homes is at risk of being invaded by wood pests. It is of great significance to quickly identify the types of pests of wood and wood products and take targeted prevention and control and remedial measures.
1 What pests exist in wood
According to the eating habits of pests, wood pests are divided into wet wood pests and dry wood pests. It is simply understood that the pests that have high moisture content (usually greater than 30%) of logs or sawn timbers are called wet wood pests; dry wood pests refer to pests that mainly harm low moisture content and have processed dry wood products.
According to the symptoms or phenomena of wood pests that harm wood, it can be divided into powdery (bear) insects. It is mainly caused by erosion of wood or wood products and will produce some powdery particles, including the Powder family, Powder family , Powder family and Powder family . The picture below is the wood furniture that is harmful to Powder family worms.
Another type of hazardous symptoms is drilling pests that leave many holes on the surface of wood or wood products, mainly including various types of silverworms, celestial and timber bee .
termites and other wood pests are hidden in the early stages. They are generally damaged by internal erosion of wood or wood products, which is not easy to detect and require regular inspection. The following picture shows the wood components that are harmful to termites. Termites are one of the most serious pests that harm wood and wood products. There are many types of termites, which are relatively secretive, with large populations, rapid harm and strong destructiveness.
Common wooden building or household wood products pests are sillyfish, among which there are many types of silence, such as red hair silence. Wood bees are also a common and special wood pest. At the same time, wood bees are also an pollinator insect . They have certain ecological value and are widely distributed in my country.
2 Methods for controlling pests of wood and wood products
The easiest way to prevent pests from wood and wood products is to choose natural wood with strong insect resistance. Such wood often grows slowly, has a high density, is high in price, and cannot meet a wide range of needs.
In actual application, most wood or wood products need to be pest control. Pests can be divided into physical control and chemical control according to the prevention and control methods, and can be divided into timely disinfection and passive defense according to the prevention and control timing. In the specific prevention and control process, specific prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to actual conditions.
2-1 Natural insect resistance of wood
The ingredients of wood of different tree species are different, so there are also differences in the natural insect resistance of wood of different tree species. Factors such as soluble sugar content, starch content, and extracted species in wood can all affect the insect resistance of wood.
It is worth noting that wood's natural insect resistance is not completely consistent, and the same wood has different moth resistance to different pests. The same tree species growing in different regions has different moth resistance to the same pest. This may be related to the growth environment of the tree. When using it, it needs to be comprehensively considered in combination with the environmental needs of the wood.
2-2 Physical control of pests
Physical control mainly kills pests in wood or wood products through physical or mechanical means, such as microwave heating, heat treatment, insect lure lamps or poison bait traps and other methods. The simplest and most effective method is heat treatment, which is more suitable for insect control of logs or boards. Combining it with the drying of wood can achieve twice the result with half the effort.Although physical control can effectively kill pests in wood, it cannot protect wood or wood products in a long time, because many wood pests can be separated, such as long-term bulls, silverworms, winged termites, etc. Wood or wood products are still at risk of being harmed by wood pests during long-term storage or use.
2-3 Chemical control of pest control
Chemical control is also the most effective and effective method to control pest control. Chemical control can be divided into chemical agent control and chemical modifier control. The method with small amount and strong targetedness is to use chemical agents to treat wood or wood products.
Solid wood or artificial board furniture, floors, wall panels, and wooden structure houses, etc., used for a long time and exposed to areas with a high biohazard risk level, wood or artificial boards need to be insect-proofed and prepared into insect-proof products to fundamentally eliminate the potential pest hazards.
solid wood products generally use insect-proof agent impregnation method to inhale a certain amount of insect-proof agent into the wood, and then dry and process it into various finished products. Artificial boards and other products need to be added to the production process to prepare insect-proof artificial boards, and then used to make finished products.
2-4 Other prevention and control methods
For wood pests with ecological value such as wood bees, methods such as repelling and inducing wood bees to go to artificial bees should be prevented and controlled without directly killing the wood bees. There are also some biological control methods such as natural enemies and parasites that are not described in detail.
3 Write at the end
Physical control and chemical control are the most effective methods of preventing and controlling pests. Wood, especially wood that makes wood products, must first be pretreated by high-temperature drying, fully killing the original pests, and then processed by insect-proofing agents to make insect-proof wood products, which can not only eliminate existing pests, but also play an effective protective role.
