Today in Sasha's history.
Author: Sasha
This article was originally written by Sasha, please do not reprint it by any media
Why Man Qing The last empress dowager Longyu has a good reputation? January 25, 1912: Yuan Shikai and the Beiyang warlords generals electrify to support the republic.
is that this woman judged the situation and chose the best outcome for all.
Since ancient times, few rulers have voluntarily relinquished power.
As we all know, Rome There are no emperors who abdicate, only dead emperors.
Let’s take a look at Saddam, Gaddafi , it is clear that the enemy soldiers have already pressed down, and they are allowed to give up their power and go abroad to be rich in exile, they are the same If you choose to hold on, you will never give up your power.
As a result, after many years of imprisonment, Saddam was hanged in humiliation, and it was Eid al-Adha when he was hanged.
Gaddafi was dragged out of the sewer by soldiers,Pulled into the street to be beaten, executed, and whipped!
This is true in foreign countries, and it is the same in ancient China.
Almost all dynasties in China were overthrown by force of later dynasties.
Just take Xiang Yu as an example, he overthrew Qin Dynasty by force, killed Qin II , and set fire to Epang Palace.
Not long after, Xiang Yu was also defeated by force by Liu Bang , and his body was chopped into pieces.
Let’s look at the Manchu Qing again. He conquered and came to power by force. Guangzhou alone was brutally massacred by the Manchu Qing Dynasty, killing hundreds of thousands of people throughout the city.
"Panyu County Chronicle" records: "The Liumai (six north-south channels in the city of Guangzhou) were cut off", apparently the dead bodies thrown into Hanoi blocked the river.
Guangzhou is a big city, killing hundreds of thousands of people at once, so what about a small city?
is even worse.
Small Town in Jiangsu Kunshan was massacred by the Qing army in 1645. Tens of thousands of people were killed, and the common people were almost dead.
Kunshan Chronicle records: "In total, four out of ten people in the city were slaughtered,Twenty-tenths of those who fell into the well in Shenhe, two-tenths of those who were captured, one-tenth of those who escaped, and one-tenth of those who escaped by hiding. "After all the slaughter, it escaped from the city gate and drowned, women and babies are nowhere to be counted." In the monks’ dormitory on the top of Mount Kun, there are thousands of hidden women, and with a single child, they have been searched and murdered, and blood is pouring down like a gully.”
For the royal family of Zhu Ming members, the Manchu Qing pursued them mercilessly, Yongli The emperor was hanged, and the descendants of the surname Zhu were almost exterminated. From the third year to the eighth year of Shunzhi, the Ming Dynasty imperial clan, whose names are ridiculous, there are more than 50 people above the county king alone. Calculated, the total number should be more than 10,000 people.
In addition to direct slaughter, there are also booby-traps.
In the first year of Shunzhi's "Ascension Edict", the following statement was declared: "The former clan first advocated surrender, and came first to vote. Shun and those who went to see them at the Beijing court were still given Lu Yang, with the intention of the Zhao court's success.
After seeing this edict, a few members of the Zhu Ming royal family thought that the wind had passed, and chose not to hide anywhere, but they lost their heads instantly.
Chongzhen Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Cilong, the crown prince of Emperor Chongzhen, secretly went to his grandfather Jiading Uncle Zhou Kui lived in seclusion. Unexpectedly, he was arrested and executed by the Qing court only 2 days later.
If Zhu Cifeng was still caught and executed, what happened to those who defected? All of them were killed.
In the third year of Shunzhi, the Qing court executed 11 people including King Lu , King Jing , Prince Heng, etc. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, the captured King Fu ( Hongguang Emperor ) was killed together with the Zhou King, Jin King , De King, and Lu King who had already surrendered.
More exaggerated is that Kangxi 47 years old, the 75-year-old Chongzhen fourth son Zhu Cihuan was arrested in Shandong.
Although Zhu Cihuan was in his twilight years and could not live in prison for a year and a half, he was still charged with "counterfeiting the prince of the previous dynasty", and his three sons and one grandson were all beheaded.
Kangxi's Zhu criticism is: Although Zhu has no conspiracy, he is not without conspiracy.
Naturally, in order to flaunt benevolence, the Manchu Qing also raised several so-called Zhu Ming royal families.
During the Yongzheng period, Yongzheng found a so-called descendant of Zhu Ming.Zhu Zhilian claims to be the descendant of the thirteen sons of Zhu Yuanzhang , and it seems that his ancestors have long since become people of Zhengbai Banner Banner.
When the Qing Dynasty fell, Zhu Zhilian's descendants Zhu Yuxun was still responsible for the sacrifice of the Ming Mausoleum.
However, this kid didn't care about the Ming Mausoleum, he hardly did any serious sacrificial sweeps, and even robbed the tomb of a certain imperial concubine together with others, and was revoked by the government of the Republic of China.
Now it seems that this Zhu Zhilian is very likely not a descendant of Zhu Ming, but an actor surnamed Zhu. Even ordinary villagers would not be able to mess with their ancestral tombs like this, and even run to dig their ancestral tombs!
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court could no longer control the situation of the country.
The government is financially bankrupt, there is little left in the direct line of the army, internal corruption, and many external enemies.
At a time like this, Empress Dowager Longyu did not listen to the nonsense of some radical ministers.
She chose to voluntarily relinquish her power and let the Manchu Qing withdraw from the stage of Chinese history in a decent manner.
Empress Dowager Longyu's life is a misfortune, and she has hardly lived a happy life.
She has a special identity, Empress Dowager Cixi 's younger brother's daughter,Related to Cixi . At the age of 20, Empress Dowager Longyu was appointed by Cixi to enter the palace to marry Emperor Guangxu and became the empress.
However, Empress Dowager Longyu was ugly in appearance, weak in character, and boring in speech. Guangxu disliked her very much. Cixi was also the aunt of the Empress Dowager Longyu. Guangxu believed that the two were one body and did not dare to get too close to Longyu. And Empress Dowager Longyu was indeed entrusted by Cixi to monitor Guangxu's every move.
In fact, even the Empress Dowager Cixi, her own aunt, did not like the Empress Dowager Longyu very much. She thought that this child, like his father, the younger brother of Cixi, was weak and incompetent and could not be used.
Compared to Concubine Zhen who is smart and has the desire for power and skill, Empress Dowager Longyu is a thousand miles away.
Since Cixi didn't like her, Empress Dowager Longyu didn't have much presence in the harem. She is a dispensable person, insignificant, she has no weight in her words and actions, and other concubines and even eunuchs and palace maids do not respect her very much.
Even so, the Empress Dowager Longyu is the queen of the palace after all, and Guangxu has no courage to abolish it. In 1900 Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing. Before Cixi fled, she threw Concubine Zhen into a well and drowned, giving a bad breath. This is "I can't deal with foreigners, can't I deal with you?" This matter has nothing to do with Empress Dowager Longyu, and even Concubine Zhen's own sister, Concubine Jin, dare not say a word.
After the death of Concubine Zhen, the relationship between Empress Dowager Longyu and Guangxu improved slightly.
Concubine Zhen died, and only Empress Dowager Longyu and Concubine Jin were left to serve Guangxu. Guangxu also needed to act in front of Empress Dowager Longyu and save his life in front of Cixi.
After returning to Beijing, the relationship between Guangxu and Empress Dowager Longyu was still very bad. Once Guangxu was sick in bed, Empress Dowager Longyu was ordered by Cixi to monitor. When Guangxu asked her to leave several times, Empress Dowager Longyu still stuck her head out to check. Guangxu couldn't bear it anymore, jumped out of bed barefoot, pulled Empress Dowager Longyu's hair and pushed it out, possibly punching a few times during the process.
These punches also show that the two are just a couple in name.
It is generally believed that Guangxu never really shared the bed with the Empress Dowager Longyu, and of course the two would not have children.
Guangxu and Cixi died one after another, little Puyi became the emperor, and his father Zaifeng became the regent, responsible for managing the government. Empress Dowager Longyu, as the queen of the palace, also became the empress dowager, who could manage the inner court and nominally had the highest decision-making power.
It's a pity that Empress Dowager Longyu knew nothing about politics, and her character was weak and gentle. However, Zaifeng's character was not much stronger than that of Empress Dowager Longyu, and he was unable to deal with the extremely rotten national situation. The Manchu Qing Dynasty was on the verge of extinction.
Speaking of which, the mediocre Empress Dowager Longyu could not manage the inner court well. Regarding how to deal with important matters in the inner court, the Queen Mother Longyu highly relied on the favored eunuch Xiao Dezhang. And Xiaode Zhang is a person with a despicable personality. He only has interests in his eyes, and he often fools the Empress Dowager Longyu to make profits.
to Xinhai Revolution broke out,The only way for Empress Dowager Longyu to abdicate is to abdicate.
In terms of military, the Eight Banners and the Green Battalion have long been unable to fight.
Sino-Japanese War and the Eight-Power Allied Forces completely defeated the Hunan Army, Huai Army and Wuwei Army , which were organized in the late Qing Dynasty.
As for the new army that was hastily formed at the end of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the new army in the south was basically infiltrated and controlled by the revolutionary party and became the main force against the Qing Dynasty.
The situation in the northwestern region of is very chaotic. If they can maintain the division without breaking out, they have already burned high incense and cannot support the Qing court's operations.
A few years ago Gengzi Incident period, the Northeast region was occupied by Tsarist Russia, followed by Russo-Japanese War , more Japanese invaders. At that time, the Northeast was also full of warlords.
After all, the only reliable and able to beat the southern revolutionary army is Beiyang six towns army.
Five of these six towns were manipulated by Yuan Shikai, and the remaining town, although it was a disciple of the Eight Banners, had poor combat effectiveness and could hardly be heard alone, so it was of little use.
At this point, the whole country's army was either in rebellion, or stood still, or was unusable, and the Manchus could no longer control the army.
Although he knew that Yuan Shikai had bad intentions,He could only restore his official position to command Beiyang Army to resist the offensive of the revolutionary army.
At this time, the Manchu rich and powerful class also sucked. Guizi Liuyixin and his ilk Westernization faction has long since died, and the capable Ronglu and his ilk also died. At this time, the top officials of the Manchu Qing Dynasty were either cowardly or cowardly, or they were ambitious and sparse, and they even took Yuan Shikai's benefits to demolish the stage, but none of them were useful.
On this side, Yuan Shikai, under the guise of fighting against the Revolutionary Party, actually held his ground and forced the Empress Dowager Longyu to seize power.
At the same time, Yuan Shikai bribed Empress Dowager Longyu's trusted eunuch Xiao De Zhang and several important officials of the Qing Dynasty at a high price to persuade her to abdicate voluntarily.
Empress Dowager Longyu wants to fight, of course it is impossible, the army will not listen to her at all.
Are you trying to save the defeat by setting up your own direct line? Sorry, it's not possible either.
Banner people have long been corrupt, and they are proficient in all kinds of food, drink and play, but they don't want to endure hardship, let alone work hard.
Besides, it takes a lot of money to build an army.
The Qing Dynasty suffered a severe financial deficit for many years. In order to let Yuan Shikai go south to suppress the revolution, Empress Dowager Longyu took out all the private money that Lian Cixi left her, including 150,000 taels of gold and 2,000,000 taels of silver. .
This money is not enough.
The powers estimated that the Qing government would need at least 75 million taels of silver to suppress the Wuchang Uprising .
The domestic can't get the money and can only borrow from foreigners.
Given that the Manchu court was still burdened with the huge foreign debt of the Gengzi Incident, and the foreign powers judged that it would collapse soon, no one was willing to lend money.
By the end of January 1912, only the German Rui Kee Bank borrowed 300,000 pounds (2 million taels of silver), and the tax of Chongwenmen was used as collateral. A mere 2 million taels is less than a drop in the bucket.
Just by looking at the attitude of foreigners to borrow money, we know that the Manchu Qing Dynasty is doomed.
Wait for a while to see if there is a turnaround? Sorry, it's not possible either.
When meeting Empress Dowager Longyu, Yuan Shikai knelt down and wept bitterly. It was just acting, but he did not want to carry the historical reputation of usurping the throne by a courtier, and hoped that the other party would take the initiative to step down.
If the Empress Dowager Longyu is determined not to abdicate, Yuan Shikai will be able to turn his face in a moment. He can definitely send troops to conquer Beijing, copy the Forbidden City, and even capture the Queen Mother to parade through the streets.
Of course, Empress Dowager Longyu can also choose to flee to remote provinces such as Shaanxi and insist on fighting. If Cixi will definitely do this, even if I can't beat you, I won't let you get what you want. Everyone just shoots and scatters, and no one is good, so I will deliberately disgust you.
If this is the case, China will be in chaos and will be in a long war.
country nation unlucky,Bannermen are even more unlucky.
It is very difficult for the Han people to stand together with the Empress Dowager Longyu in a protracted battle, and only the children of the bannermen can be used.
But the bannermen do not have much fighting power. Once a war begins, they may only be slaughtered unilaterally.
The anti-Qing sentiments of the local revolutionary parties are agitated, and they hype Yangzhou Ten Days and Jiading Santu .
Once the war turns into a national war, the bannermen of the weaker side may be wiped out, and they may be massacred in retaliation.
Before During the Opium War , countless bannermen killed their families and then committed suicide to avoid being massacred by British, French and foreign soldiers.
In this case, Empress Dowager Longyu chose to abdicate voluntarily, thus eliminating a war or even a national war.
No matter what her purpose is, she contributes to the country and the nation (especially the banner people).
Naturally, Empress Dowager Longyu also received preferential treatment in exchange.
From this point of view, Empress Dowager Longyu can be regarded as a woman who has contributed to China, and also contributed to the bannermen.
It's just that the Empress Dowager Longyu is unlucky.When she was a daughter at home, she was not favored by her parents. After marriage, her husband Guangxu didn't even touch her. I finally survived until I became the queen mother, but I personally ruined the Qing country.
She has basically no happiness in her life, not even the family happiness that ordinary village women have experienced, and she is a virgin until death.
After the fall of the Manchu Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Longyu remained unhappy and died more than a year later at the age of 45.
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