Tianzhu is no stranger to us, because of the spread of the novel "Journey to the West", this sacred place in the Buddhist kingdom is widely known. However, Tianzhu is a large-scale collective term, which does not refer to a certain country, especially in the 6th to 12th centuries AD, the ancient Indian place was basically divided, and there was no completely unified political power. During the Tang Dynasty, the concept of Tianzhu was again divided into five parts, namely, five parts, east, west, south, north, and each part was not a whole country, but a geographical division. It was the Zhongtianzhu area that Wang Xuance "conquered", or put down the coup d'état initiated by a small country integrating politics and religion in that area. This small country was called Emperor Nafu.
The loose alliance of the Jie Japanese Empire
There were several larger unified dynasties in the history of ancient India. The most famous is the Maurya Dynasty, the territory covers today In India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, the last king of the Maurya Dynasty was overthrown in 187 BC. Since then, the Indian peninsula has never been unified again, but there have been short-term unified regimes in the three regions of the north and south of the Indian peninsula. The more famous is the Kushan Empire covering northwestern India. It is an invading regime, a country established by the descendants of the Da Yue family, and it split into several small duchy in the 3rd century AD. At this time, Sassanid Persia in West Asia rose and began to expand to Central Asia, Afghanistan and India, thus weakening Guishuang's sphere of influence.
In the 4th century, the Gupta Empire in East India rose, and with the attack of the Laida (White Huns) on the remnants of the Guishuang Clan of the Great Moon, the widows of Guishuang have never recovered from this, and the remnants of Guishuang have never recovered. The rule of the country is deepening. In the 5th century AD, the North Indian region was affected by religion and led to an economic collapse. Kata took the opportunity to infiltrate by force and accelerated the division of the Gupta dynasty. At the end of the 6th century, North India entered a period of division again. The Ordeal Empire we call this division started from this. Rise in the small countries of the period.
At the beginning of the 7th century, the Ordinary Japanese Empire developed to its heyday. They expelled Kata out of North India and unified North India. This period happened to coincide with the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty in our country. When Xuanzang went west during the Taizong period of the Tang Dynasty, communication and connection with the Jie Japanese Empire were formed. However, although Xuanzang in history belonged to the eminent monk of the Tang Dynasty, he was not approved by the Tang government to travel westward, and even Xuanzang was smuggled out of the pass. The support he received was mainly from the Gaochang Kingdom of the Western Regions, but the Tang Dynasty had already conquered Gaochang when Xuanzang returned, so the courtesy of the Jie Japanese Empire to Xuanzang was counted in the Tang Empire.
And Xuanzang's westward journey really passed the prosperous scene of the Tang Dynasty to the Jieri Empire, so in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (641), the envoy of the Jieri Empire arrived in Chang'an. This time the envoy to the Tang Dynasty was actually to learn from the centralization model of the Tang Dynasty. After the King Jieri unified Northern India, it was still a loose alliance of many small duchies, and did not establish an absolute central core. Except for Satani Shivara, Kanaoji, Magadha, and Jiezhuzhang, only the Luo kingdoms are under its direct control, the other 30 or more duchy are autonomous in military and political affairs, which are somewhat related to the religious factions in India. related.
Of course Tang Taizong understood the wishes of the King Jieri. Xuanzang played an important role in this period of national diplomacy. After he returned to the Tang Dynasty, he introduced the humanities and customs of the Jieri Empire and also introduced How the King Jieri treated the monks of the Tang Dynasty courteously. So in the 21st year of Zhenguan (647), Tang Taizong also sent Wang Xuance, who led the presidency, to visit India. Unfortunately, this visit resulted in the so-called "one person destroying one country" feat!
Wang Xuance conquered Zhongtianzhu
Wang Xuance and Jiang Shiren were the chief and deputy envoys of the Jieri Empire. When the two of them first entered North India with the mission, the King Jieri drowned while bathing in the Ganges. Died. As mentioned earlier, the Jieri Empire itself is made up of loose alliances. The Jieri King once brought these small countries together with the charm of killing all quarters, but when he died, these countries began a rebellion. Among them is the Emperor Nafu under the rule of the Jie Japanese Empire. Its monarch is Alonashun. After the coup, he expelled the Jie Japanese royal family and controlled the Jie Japanese Empire, but this control did not reach the period of the Jie Japanese King.The cohesion of the country, the alliance under its rule became looser, so that many principalities became independent.
At that time, Tubo had already conquered Nibhara, which is today’s Nepal, and the loosening of the alliance further exacerbated the pressure of invasion in northern India. In addition, Tubo married Princess Tang Wencheng in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (641). Tibet's God of War Songtsen Gampo has established a good relationship with the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, at this time, Wang Xuance's motive for arriving in North India caused Alonashun to have suspicion. This suspicion may also come from the worry about the Tang Dynasty's involvement in internal affairs. After all, the Tang Dynasty should be coming to the King of Jieri.
With this suspicion, Alonashun simply took the initiative in diplomacy and killed the members of the mission, leaving Wang Xuance and Jiang Shiren as hostages. Many historical materials regard Alonashun’s move as a greed for the money of the Tang mission. I think the monarchs who have controlled the Jie-Japanese Empire will not be so unstructured. This move has greater political significance, leaving the king and Jiang to be right. It is the weight on the negotiating table in the future. Moreover, this news wants to spread from North India to Tang Dynasty Chang'an, and it will take a few months at the earliest, enough for Alonashun to deal with the remaining problems after the coup.
And history is so dramatic. Wang Xuance escaped shortly after being captured, and he, a civil official, did not play the card according to common sense. Generally speaking, Wang Xuance should report back to Chang'an and send troops to the court. Conquest. But he didn't do this. Instead, he took Jiang Shiren back to Nibula and borrowed 7,000 cavalry from King Nibula in the name of the Emperor of Tang Dynasty and 1,200 elite soldiers from Tubo Songtsen Gampo. At the same time, in the name of Tang's rebellion, Wang Xuance spread out his messages and ordered the Tang dynasty vassals to gather, which gathered more than a thousand soldiers and horses. The reason why Wang Xuance is said to destroy a country by one person means that, except for Jiang Shiren, he did not use the Tang court with one soldier and one horse, but with the combined force of about 10,000 people to attack Alonashun.
Wang Xuance led the joint troops, all the way to the capital of Chapiao where Alonashun was located. Alonashun gathered about 50,000 or 60 thousand soldiers outside the city, among them there were The famous elephant soldier. It is said that when Genghis Khan later chased after the last prince Zalandin of Khwarazim, he stopped because he could not reach the Indian elephant soldiers. Alonashun took out this trump card unit on the banks of the Gandes River, trying to destroy Wang Xuance's coalition with elephant soldiers. But in history, Tian Dan used the Fire Bull formation as a death squad to face the enemy's first round of suppression. Therefore, Wang Xuance took this as inspiration, collected dozens of buffaloes, tied a knife to the horns, poured oil on the tail and ignited, and rushed into the enemy's elephant formation with a fire bull. Although the elephant is large, he has never seen such a formation. After being frightened, he ran towards his own army, and Alona Shun’s trump card was defeated.
In Wang Xuance's cover-up, Alona was defeated. About 3,000 people were trampled or killed by direct combat, and about 10,000 people were drowned in the water. Alona Shun collected the remnants of the chap, and Wang Xuance used the method of Han siege. After the siege, he began to collect wood to build ladders, ballistas, and stone dumpers. As the saying goes, "Workers must first sharpen their tools if they want to do well." After the equipment was built, the coalition forces broke through the capital of Alonashun in just three days. After escaping from the city, Alonashun arrived in East India, borrowing from the corpse of East India King Kuma to rescue the soldiers and attempting to counterattack.
"The rest of the crowd were killed, and 580 houses were dropped in the cities near and far, 2,000 men and women were captured, and more than 30,000 cows and horses were captured. Tianzhu was terrified." ——"Old Tang Book"
Although Wang Xuance is a civil official, he is quite strategic in combat. When Alonashun counterattacked, he used the strategy of dividing the forces to draw Alonashun on the bait and wiped out Alona in one fell swoop. Nashun remnant, Alonashun was captured alive. On the other hand, Alonashun's wife held tens of thousands of soldiers to guard the Qiantuowei city, and was taken away by Jiang Shiren. After these two wars, the coalition forces completely shocked the surrounding forces, and all the cities and towns offered surrender. Alonashun's tribes were almost completely killed. This is also a common military deterrent strategy. Most of the remaining soldiers who returned were taken to Chang'an.
"The lady's eyes and ears play with her eyes and eyes, and her mouth and nose are stink, which is the source of this defeat. Brahman does not rob my messenger, but rather captures the evil?"——Tang Taizong
Wang Xuance send troopsThe route is from west to east, and only East India is not involved in the northern part of India. This time, East India borrowed troops from Alonashun to counterattack, which just provided Wang Xuance with a reason for conquest. However, the corpse Kumo of the East India was not the master of prowess. He took the initiative to apologize to Wang Xuance and sent a lot of treasures, which made Wang Xuance give up the idea of military conquest. Therefore, in the five parts of India mentioned in the historical materials of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Xuance conquered Central India by force and shocked East India. When Alonashun was escorted to Chang'an, Tang Taizong did not forget to mock him. After Tang Taizong's death, he planted a stone statue of Alonashun in Tang Zhaoling, but this record has not been verified by archaeology.
To sum up, it was Zhongtianzhu that Wang Xuance conquered by force, which is the core area of the Ganges Plain today, but Wang Xuance did not establish a state in this area, and the Tubo army was also after the "defining the rebellion." Withdraw from the Ganges River Basin. The Tang Dynasty was geographically separated from the Indian region by a mountain, and this mountain was the Himalayas, so it could not be controlled. Wang Xuance's actions only brought back face to the Tang Dynasty, so there were records of tribute to the Tang Dynasty in the next five days.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-