The world colonial system finally took shape in the early 20th century.
In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion reached its peak, and the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China.
1900 Planck introduced quantum theory.
The "Xinchou Treaty" was signed in 1901. (It was an unequal treaty signed in Beijing on July 25, the 27th year of Guangxu (Xinchou Year) (September 7, 1901), between representatives of the Qing government of China, Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang, and the diplomatic representatives of eleven countries including Britain, the United States, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Austria, Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands, after the Boxer Rebellion failed and the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing.)
In 1903, Einstein proposed the theory of relativity.
1903 The Wright brothers built the world's first airplane.
1903 The Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. (The conference adopted the party program, which for the first time in the history of the international communist movement listed striving for the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat as the party's basic task.)
In 1905, the Chinese League was established. (The fundamental political demand of the China Alliance is the sixteen-character program of "Expelling the Tartars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and equalizing land rights" put forward by Sun Yat-sen . Sun Yat-sen is its prime minister, and Huang Xing is the deputy prime minister.)
1907 The final formation of the Anglo-French-Russian Entente. (It is an agreement of mutual understanding and mutual support signed by Britain, France and Russia in 1907.)
In 1908, Guangxu and the Empress Dowager Cixi passed away successively.
1910Japan officially annexed North Korea.
1911 Huanghuagang Uprising, Road Protection Movement, Wuchang Uprising.
The Republic of China was established in 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China).
In 1912, Emperor Xuantong abdicated and the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, marking the end of China's two thousand years of imperial rule.
The second revolution in 1913. (The Second Revolution is also known as the "Battle against Yuan, The Battle of Guichou, the Battle of Ganning", etc.)
1914-1918 The First World War . (It is the widespread irreconcilable contradictions that arose when capitalist countries transitioned to their ultimate stage, that is, imperialism, at the beginning of the 20th century; the colonies and semi-colonies in Asia, Africa, Latin America , and Oceania were basically carved up by the great powers; the contradictions between old and new colonialism intensified, and various empires In the context of uneven socialist economic development and unequal order division, a world-class imperialist war broke out in order to redivide the world and compete for global hegemony)
The New Culture Movement began in 1915. (It promotes democracy and science. The advocates of the New Culture Movement used the viewpoint of evolution and the idea of individual liberation as their main weapons, violently criticized the "sages and sages" represented by Confucius , vigorously promoted new morality, opposed old morality, promoted new literature, and opposed classical Chinese.)
The National Defense Movement began in 1915; Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system failed in 1916. (also known as the Battle of Protecting the Country, the War of Protecting the Country, the Battle of Protecting the Country, and the Battle of Hongxian) was a movement launched after the Revolution of 1911 to oppose Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system. )
Zhang Xun's restoration failed in 1917; in 1917, the movement to protect the law began. (The law-protection movement refers to the action led by Sun Yat-sen to oppose the Beiyang government and establish a new military government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou. In the history of the Chinese Kuomintang, it is also called the "Three Revolutions". The so-called "law-protection" refers to the protection of the "Provisional Convention of the Republic of China" Law", overthrowing the "republic" that was actually a dictatorship of the Beiyang system, and re-establishing the democratic legal system of the new republic)
1917.11.7 (October 25th in the Russian calendar) Russian October Socialist Revolution. (The Russian October Revolution is also known as Red October , the October Uprising, the Petrograd Armed Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution. The victorious Soviet Red Army called it the "Great October Socialist Revolution". It was a great socialist revolution completed by the Russian working class and the poor peasants under the leadership of the Bolshevik Party.)
1918.11 The November Revolution broke out in Germany. (It was a series of events in Germany in 1918 and 1919 that led to the overthrow of the regime of German Emperor Wilhelm II and the establishment of the Weimar Republic .)
1918-1922 The Indian national liberation movement was on the rise.
1919.3.1 North Korea’s March 1st Movement. (Refers to a national liberation movement that broke out on the Korean Peninsula under Japanese colonial rule on March 1, 1919, including multiple large-scale demonstrations.)
May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Patriotic Movement broke out
1919-1922 Turkish Kemalist Revolution 1919.3 The Hungarian Soviet Republic was established in 1919 and the Communist International was established. ( Lenin led the establishment of the international joint organization of communist parties and communist organizations around the world - the Communist International, also known as the Third International .)
1919.1-6 Paris Peace Conference . (The post-war Entente Conference was held at the Palace of Versailles in Paris. 1,000 representatives from the 27 victorious countries participated, including 70 plenipotentiaries. Soviet Russia was not invited, and defeated countries such as Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria , and Austria were also turned away.)
The Communist Party of China was established in July 1921.
1921.11-1922.2 Washington Conference. (After the end of World War I, the United States, Britain, Japan and other imperialist countries organized an international conference proposed by the United States in order to redivide their colonies and spheres of influence in the Far East and the Pacific. Also known as the Pacific Conference. November 12, 1921 to Held in Washington on February 6, 1922. Delegations from the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal and China's Beiyang government participated.)
1922.10 Mussolini came to power in Italy.
1922.12 The Soviet Union was established.
In 1923, Beijing-Hankow Railway workers went on strike.
1923.10 The Republic of Türkiye is established.
1924 The First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang; the Whampoa Military Academy was founded.
Soviet leader Lenin passed away in 1924.
Sun Yat-sen passed away in 1925.
1925.10 The Locarno Conference (also known as the Locarno Convention, is the general name of 8 documents adopted by representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland on October 16, 1925, at a meeting held in Locarno, Switzerland.)
In 1925, the Wuzhou Massacre in Shanghai and the May 30th Anti-Imperial and Patriotic Movement broke out.
In 1926, the National Revolutionary Army set off for the Northern Expedition.
In March 1927, the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers was successful.
1927 "April 12" and "July 15" counter-revolutionary coups.
In April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek established the National Government in Nanjing.
August 1, 1927 Nanchang Uprising : August 7 August 7th Conference .
In August 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops arrived in Jinggangshan : The Guangzhou Uprising at the end of the year.
In 1928, Zhang Xueliang announced the Northeast Change Flag .
1929-1933 The economic crisis of the capitalist world.
1931 September 18th Incident.
1931 British "Law of Westminster", Australian independence.
1932 January 28th Incident, 19th Army Resistance War.
1932 The Puppet Manchukuo was established.
1933.1 Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933.3 Roosevelt became president of the United States and implemented the New Deal.
In October 1934, the Central Red Army began its Long March.
January 1935 Zunyi Conference .
In 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the August 1st Declaration. (The delegation of the Communist Party of China to the Comintern drafted the "Message to All Compatriots from the Chinese Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation" (i.e., the "August 1st Declaration"), which was published on October 1 in the "National Salvation Journal" published in Paris, France, in the name of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Calling on the people of the country to unite to stop the civil war , resist Japan and save the country, and organize the national defense government and the anti-Japanese coalition forces. This declaration played a positive role in promoting the anti-Japanese united front work and the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. )
October 1935. The First Front Army of the Red Army Long March arrived in northern Shaanxi.
1935 December 9 Movement. (It is a mobilization movement for the Anti-Japanese War, a movement to prepare ideas and cadres, and a movement to mobilize the entire nation. It has great historical significance.)
1935-1936 Ethiopia was a national liberation movement to resist Italian aggression.
In October 1936, the Second and Fourth Front armies reached Huining, Gansu Province and other places, marking the end of the Long March.
December 12, 1936 Xi'an Incident .
1936-1939 Spain's national revolutionary war against fascism.
On July 7, 1937, Marco Polo Bridge Incident , China began a comprehensive war of resistance.
1937August 13th Incident, Battle of Shanghai: 1937Pingxingguan VictoryDecember 1937Nanjing Massacre; 1938 Spring Taierzhuang Battle
In 1938 Mao Zedong published "On Protracted War".
1938.9 munich conference .
1939.8 Soviet-German non-aggression pact.
1939.9 World War II broke out in full force.
In March 1940, Wang Jingwei's puppet national government was established in Nanjing.
1940 Hundred Regiments War; 1941 Wannan Incident
France surrendered in June 1940.
The Battle of Great Britain in 1940.
In September 1940, the Treaty of the Triple Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan was signed.
In June 1941, the Soviet-German war broke out.
In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out.
1941atlantic-charter. (Also known as the "Churchill-Roosevelt Joint Declaration", a joint declaration signed by British Prime Minister Churchill and US President Roosevelt on August 13, 1941.)
In 1942, the Communist Party of China began a rectification movement.
In early 1942, the "United Nations Declaration " formed an anti-fascist alliance. (The "Common Declaration of the United Nations " is the declaration issued by the 26 countries of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and China in Washington on January 1, 1942. It is also the "Declaration of the Acadia Conference", also known as the "Declaration of the Twenty-Six Nations.")
1942 Battle of Moscow.
1942.6 Battle of Midway.
1943.12.1 China, the United States and the United Kingdom issued the "Cairo Declaration" (China, the United States, and the United Kingdom held the Cairo Conference. After the conference, the "Cairo Declaration" was announced to the world on December 1, 1943 with Stalin's consent. The declaration legally clarified the illegality of Japan's invasion and occupation of Taiwan and confirmed that Taiwan is Chinese territory.)
1943.11-12 Su, the United States, and Britain held the Tehran Conference.
1944.6.6 The American and British troops landed in Normandy, and the second battlefield in Europe was opened.
In 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held.
1945.2Su Meiying held the Yalta Conference.
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender.
1945 Chongqing Negotiations: Signing of the Double Ten Agreement; 1946 Political Consultative Conference.
1945.5.8 Germany signed an unconditional surrender.
1945.9.2 The Soviet Union, the United States and Britain held the Potsdam Conference and Japan signed an unconditional surrender.
1945.10 United Nations established.
In June 1946, the Kuomintang launched a full-scale civil war and the People's Liberation War began.
In June 1947, the People's Liberation Army began a nationwide counterattack
1947The United States proposed the Truman Doctrine .
1947 Partition of India and Pakistan: Independence of India and Pakistan.
Three major battles from September 1948 to January 1949.
1948 Israel was founded and the first Middle East war broke out.
1948 The United States began to implement the Marshall Plan .
In the spring of 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held.
On April 23, 1949, the People's Liberation Army liberated Nanjing and the Nationalist Government fell.
In September 1949, the first plenary session of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held.
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