"Hand over your valuables, or you will die!"
In 1924, a passenger ship sailed slowly from Guangzhou to Hong Kong. The sudden influx of pirates into the cabin panicked everyone. Amidst the scolding of the pirates, the people on the ship were in chaos. The cries of children, the wails of women and children, intertwined with the crashing of the waves, made this dark night no longer silent.
Compared with the panicked crowd, there was a woman who calmly looked at the pirate in front of her and said loudly and forcefully: "I Zhang Zhujun have no possessions, only a life, so just take it!"
No After hearing this, the pirate was about to throw away the big knife in his hand, his legs weakened and he knelt down on the deck. He kept kowtowing and exclaimed: "Why is it you? I am really blind."
When the other pirates saw this, they not only returned everyone's money and belongings, but also knelt down to ask for the woman's forgiveness.
Who is Zhang Zhujun, and what charm does she have that makes pirates bow to her?
01
Zhang Zhujun was born in Panyu, Guangzhou in 1878. His father, Zhang Shizheng, was a member of the Qing Dynasty . He was a third-rank official and his family was well off. Zhang Zhujun had lived a carefree life since he was a child.
However, when Zhang Zhujun was eight years old, he unfortunately suffered from severe brain disease. Half of his body was basically paralyzed and he had no consciousness. This made his family anxious.
Zhang Zhujun's father loved Zhang Zhujun and visited famous local doctors in order to cure Zhang Zhujun's illness. However, his wish was not fulfilled. The famous doctors shook their heads and waved their hands when faced with Zhang Zhujun's condition.
When Zhang's father was in despair, he suddenly thought of Boji Hospital. It was a hospital founded by an American doctor. At that time, people did not trust or even resist Western medicine. Zhang's father also sent his daughter to Western medicine to try it with the mentality of "a dead horse being treated as a living horse doctor".
Never thought that under the treatment of Dr. Jia John, Zhang Zhujun would slowly recover from his illness after a few months. It was this experience that allowed little Zhang Zhujun to see the exquisiteness of Western medicine techniques, and the idea of "learning Western medicine when he grew up" was planted in Zhang Zhujun's heart early on.
In 1897, 21-year-old Zhang Zhujun got his wish and entered the Nanhua Medical School affiliated with Boji Hospital.
During his schooling, Zhang Zhujun's grades were always among the best. Not only did he complete all studies of surgery and internal medicine, he also obtained a medical license with excellent results and worked at Boji Hospital after graduation.
At that time, it was still an era when traditional Chinese medicine was popular. Many people had a wait-and-see attitude towards Zhang Zhujun, a young female western medicine doctor. Many traditional Chinese medicine doctors were even waiting to see Zhang Zhujun’s jokes.
However, Zhang Zhujun ignored this. She devoted herself to treating patients and exempted women and children from poor families from medical expenses. Over time, Zhang Zhujun's superb medical skills and benevolent heart became known to people, and the door of the hospital was crowded with people.
In 1902, cholera broke out in Guangzhou. At that time, Zhang Zhujun also participated in joint discussions on epidemic control and social relief.
At that time, Guangzhou was already a big city with a population of one million, and dense residents were crowded in narrow alleys that were 1.5 to 2.7 meters wide. When an infectious disease like cholera breaks out in such a densely populated city, the speed of infection and the number of people it spreads can be imagined.
In order to understand the situation in more detail, Zhang Zhujun went deep into the epidemic area to conduct an investigation. She knew that if she wanted to understand more quickly how the virus spreads, she had to go into the epidemic area and master first-hand materials.
Zhang Zhujun took the initiative to apply to go to the places where the epidemic is most severe, eat and live with the patients, observe their diet, and study their conditions, hoping to find effective treatment options.
Many patients were both happy and scared when they saw Zhang Zhujun's arrival. They were happy because they knew Zhang Zhujun's superb medical skills could give them a chance to survive; they were scared because their disease was highly contagious. However, doctors are like parents, and wherever there is danger, there is Zhang Zhujun.
After more than ten days of hard work, Zhang Zhujun finally found the source of the virus - the patient's vomitus and diarrhea spilled into the river, polluting the water source. If we can control the water source, we can effectively control the spread of the virus.
The Guangzhou authorities immediately adopted Zhang Zhujun's suggestion. With the assistance of the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, they used four warships to transfer a large amount of water from other places to supply Guangzhou. In just a few weeks, the epidemic was brought under control.
Zhang Zhujun fought beautifully in this battle, and this classic case has also been written into the history of preventive medicine .
02
After the "cholera" incident, Zhang Zhujun gradually became known to the world. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), Zhang Zhujun founded Nanfu Hospital.
In fact, before founding Nanfu Hospital, Zhang Zhujun and his best friend Xu Peixuan took the lead in establishing a hospital, Tifu Hospital, in Liwan District, Guangzhou. "Ti" refers to a sacred object with spiritual energy that protects peace, and "Fu" refers to the wish to benefit the hardworking people.
Xu Peixuan, like Zhang Zhujun, comes from a famous family, and she is also a woman who advocates freedom of destiny. She admired Zhang Zhujun's superb Western medicine skills, and even more admired Zhang Zhujun's benevolence in helping the world and saving people. The two like-minded women quickly became best friends.
When Zhang Zhujun proposed to open a hospital for women, Xu Peixuan went home without hesitation and sold her boudoir jewelry to collect a lot of money to support Zhujun.
In the social environment at that time, feudalism was still dominant. The low social status of women and the constraints of the three obediences and four virtues made them rarely able to go out for treatment when they were sick, because most doctors were men. This was Zhang Zhujun’s original intention to establish a women’s hospital.
After Tifu Hospital became famous in Guangzhou, Xu Peixuan and Zhang Zhujun struck while the iron was hot, and two years later they joined forces to found Nanfu Hospital on the south bank of the Pearl River. This was not only the first Western hospital founded by a woman in Chinese history, but also the first hospital open to women.
Zhang Zhujun is not only a doctor, she is also a promoter of feminism. She set up a Christian gospel hall outside Nanfu Hospital and gives speeches every Sunday to promote equality between men and women and advocate women's independence.
Zhang Zhujun once wrote the book "Women's Eleven Crisis". The book lists in detail how women are oppressed and how they encounter ideological imprisonment under feudal ideology.
The book clearly advocates that women should pursue self-worth and strive for their own liberation. "Women should not rely on men to give up power, but must fight for it themselves; the only way to fight for power is to study."
In order to allow more women to have the opportunity to receive education, in 1901, Zhang Zhujun successively founded the Yuxian Women's School in Guangzhou, and opened the Women's Business School, Shanghai Women's Western Hospital, etc. in Shanghai.
Later, Zhang Zhujun founded a women's craft factory in Guangzhou that combined work and study, teaching students knitting, embroidery and other skills to help women make an independent living in society.
In April 1904, Zhang Zhujun arrived in Shanghai and was warmly welcomed by teachers and students of many girls' schools in Shanghai.
She said in a speech to teachers and students: "If you want to save the country, you must first educate; if you want to educate first, you must first educate women." Under the leadership of Zhang Zhujun, more and more women are awakening, and more and more women are choosing to leave their homes and enter schools.
Wherever Zhang Zhujun went, he was bound to promote the ideas of reform and reform , criticize feudal ethics, advocate equality between men and women, spare no effort to speak out for women's rights, and wave the flag for women's liberation. For this reason, he was hailed as "the female world Liang Qichao ". She was only 26 years old at the time, which was really admirable.
03
In 1905, Zhang Zhujun cooperated with Li Pingshu, a famous gentleman in Shanghai, to establish the Women's College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, which was the first women's medical college to combine Chinese and Western medicine. Shanghai Hospital was established in 1909, and Zhang Zhujun served as hospital supervisor.
These two hospitals laid the medical foundation for Zhang Zhujun to establish the Chinese Red Cross Society in Shanghai.
After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, the logistics of saving lives and healing the wounded became particularly important. As a doctor, Zhang Zhujun naturally had to be at the forefront.
In fact, Shanghai was the center of the Chinese Red Cross movement at that time, but in the late Qing Dynasty, the Red Cross was heavily official and was basically in name only. So Zhang Zhujun decided to set up his own flag and found a new Red Cross Society.
On October 19, 1911, Zhang Zhujun hosted the founding ceremony of the Chinese Red Cross Society at Shanghai Hospital, with 500 attendees.
At the meeting, Zhang Zhujun reported on the origin and charter of the Chinese Red Cross Society. Emphasizing the purpose of "this humanitarianism is to rescue people injured in war, regardless of who they are, treat them as one person".
After the establishment of the Chinese Red Cross Society, everyone immediately devoted themselves to revolutionary medical aid work. On October 24, a total of 10 Red Cross member representatives accompanied Zhang Zhujun to Yihe Pier to prepare for the Wuhan battlefield.
In addition to participating in rescue work in Wuhan, Zhang Zhujun and others also had a secret mission - to cover Huang Xing. On October 10, 1911, after the "Wuchang Uprising" broke out, the rebel army did not have a capable military commander, so they invited Huang Xing, who was far away in Hong Kong, to take command.
Huang Xing and more than 100 other revolutionaries first arrived in Shanghai from Hong Kong. They wanted to move from Shanghai to Wuhan, but all transportation to Wuhan was blocked by the Qing army, and everyone was temporarily trapped in Shanghai.
They asked Zhang Zhujun, who was in Shanghai at the time, to help find a way. With the support of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, Zhang Zhujun used the Red Cross to go to Wuhan to participate in rescue work and covered Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Li Shucheng and others from going to Wuhan.
After arriving in Wuhan on October 28, Zhang Zhujun and others immediately devoted themselves to the medical care of the wounded. During the two months in Wuhan, the Red Cross members were so focused on treating the wounded that they didn't even take time to drink water. They said, "If I drink less water, I can save more time to save lives." Many sergeants were moved by their spirit.
As the president, Zhang Zhujun is personally at the forefront. During a rescue operation for the wounded, Zhang Zhujun's hand was scratched and infected, and the fever persisted, which was life-threatening. He eventually had to return to Shanghai. Then the Red Cross Society successively sent ambulance teams to Suzhou, Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and other places to participate in the treatment work.
On New Year's Day, 1912, with the establishment of the Republic of China, the revolutionary fire gradually subsided. The Chinese Red Cross Society treated more than 1,300 wounded people on the Wuhan battlefield, and more than 1,000 wounded people on the Nanjing battlefield.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the provisional government awarded Zhang Zhujun the "Foundation Memorial Medal" and the "Red Gold and Red Cross Military Merit Medal". Such medals and such honors can be afforded by Zhang Zhujun.
04
Such a wonderful woman with both political integrity and talent, Zhang Zhujun, naturally attracted many outstanding young talents.
The first man Zhang Zhujun met in his life was Lu Shaoqi. The two met at a gathering of new-school youth in Guangzhou.
Lu Shaoqi is the son of the wealthy gentry Lu Binqi, and his family background is similar to that of the Zhang family. During the back-and-forth exchanges, the two young people admired and fell in love with each other, so their parents set a wedding date for them.
Lu Shaoqi is also a passionate young man who has accepted the new trend of thought. He plans to study in Japan for two years before considering life-long events. His move was naturally opposed by his family, but Zhang Zhujun supported him and helped him advance his travel expenses.
Half a year after Lu Shaoqi went to Japan, the Lu family expressed dissatisfaction with Zhang Zhujun's deviant behavior and hoped that she would be able to support her husband and raise children after marriage and have less publicity in social activities. This is undoubtedly contrary to the women's rights advocated by Zhang Zhujun.
Faced with all kinds of difficulties from the Lu family, Zhang Zhujun still insists on her pursuit in her heart - to be an independent woman in the new era and not let marriage become a shackles that restricts freedom.
Because she and Lu Shaoqi spent less time together and separated more, and the Lu family was not satisfied with her, they chose to break up after negotiation and terminated their engagement at the same time.After
and Lu Shaoqi broke up, there were many outstanding suitors around Zhang Zhujun, but she rejected them one by one until Ma Junwu appeared.
Ma Junwu is a modern Chinese scholar and educator, proficient in many languages. He greatly admired Zhang Zhujun's courage, praised Zhang Zhujun's talents, and was even more infatuated with Zhang Zhujun's beauty.
In order to pursue Zhang Zhujun, who has both talent and talent, Ma Junwu specially wrote a confession letter in French, in which he expressed his love for Zhang Zhujun unabashedly. Zhang Zhujun was very moved when he read this special letter of confession.
However, Zhang Zhujun still rejected his confession, "I have been pursuing freedom all my life. I want to devote myself to the feminist movement. If I get married, I will be tied up by housework and children, so marriage is not a consideration for me."
After rejecting Ma Junwu, Zhang Zhujun completely dedicated himself to the feminist movement and the medical career, and marriage was never mentioned again. Until the end of her life, she was an only child and insisted on her non-marriage policy.
05
Zhang Zhujun dedicated her life to her beloved medical career and to the feminism she pursued. She also left a mark in modern Chinese history, and her achievements will be commented upon by future generations.
In her 88 years of life, freedom and ease were the main themes, and "living for yourself and doing whatever you want" was the world's evaluation of her. Everyone has his own unique life, and living a wonderful self is the most important thing.
Although we cannot choose our own birth, we can choose how life blooms. I hope everyone can live a different and wonderful life like Zhang Zhujun.
Author: Bi'an
Editor: Juanjuan
Reference:
Journal of Lanzhou Institute of Education 2019 Issue 02 "A Brief Analysis of Zhang Zhujun's Feminist Thoughts"
Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture 2015 Issue 01 "New Certificate of Female Doctor Zhang Zhujun's School Status in the Prime Years"
Advancing Together in the Same Boat 2020 Issue 06 "Zhang Zhujun: "China's Nightingale""
Together in the same boat 2021 Issue 10 "The first shot of the Wuchang Uprising"
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