During the reign of King Qin Zhaoxiang, Qin accelerated the pace of the war to annex the six countries.
In the Battle of Chuisha, , the Chu army was defeated.
The Battle of Yique , defeated Han and Wei, and smoothed the way for the Qin army to advance eastward.
In the Battle of Yanying, a large amount of Chu Kingdom territory was obtained.
The Battle of Huayang defeated the coalition forces of Zhao and Wei, and captured several cities of Wei Kingdom and Guanjin of Zhao Kingdom .
In 262 BC, the Qin State attacked and occupied Yewang (now Qinyang, Henan), completely cutting off the connection between Shangdang County and the mainland. At the same time, Taixingjing is in the hands of the Qin army and can directly attack Shangdang County in South Korea.
Therefore, King Han Huanhui, the king of Korea, asked Feng Ting, the governor of Shangdang County Feng Ting, to dedicate Shangdang County to Qin in order to ask Qin to stop its troops.
Feng Ting was unwilling to surrender to Qin. After planning with the people of Shangdang County, he decided to use the power of Zhao to resist Qin and dedicated seventeen cities in Shangdang County to Zhao.
So Feng Ting sent an envoy to inform Zhao State.
Once Shangdang County is controlled by Zhao State, then Zhao State can attack Qin State's Hedong County . If Shangdang County returns to Qin, then Qin can send troops out of Shangdang to directly attack Handan, the capital of Zhao.
The king of Zhao King Zhao Xiaocheng only saw the superficial benefits of accepting Shangdang County, but ignored that once Shangdang County was accepted, Zhao State would directly face the military threat of Qin State. Zhao State must send troops to garrison Shangdang and engage in military confrontation with the Qin army in Shangdang. However, there is Taihang Mountain in between, making logistical supply difficult and difficult to last.
But if Shangdang County is not accepted, then if the Qin army wants to attack Zhao State, it will have to cross the Taihang Mountains and fight Zhao State near Handan. However, at this time, Zhao State's military strength has not experienced the Battle of Changping , so it is not completely preserved. Coupled with the short supply route, it is capable of fighting the Qin army. Just like the subsequent Handan defense battle, the Qin army was repulsed by the Zhao army after the Battle of Changping.
Unfortunately, history has no ifs. King Zhao still sent Lian Po to station in Changping and accept Shangdang County.
Zhao State accepted the Shangdang, which aroused Qin State's dissatisfaction, and Qin State decided to send troops to attack Zhao.
At the beginning of 260 BC, King Zhao of Qin ordered the chief of Zuo Shu, Wang Lu , to lead an army to attack and occupy Shangdang. The people of Shangdang fled to the territory of Zhao State, and the army of Zhao State met the people of Shangdang in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping City, Jincheng, Shanxi Province).
In April of the same year, Wang Lu and Lian Po finally officially got into trouble. This first battle was an encounter. At that time, the Qin Army's outpost troops led by Sima Geng and the Zhao Army's reconnaissance troops led by Zhao Qie were simultaneously scouting the enemy's situation near Kongcang Ridge (today's Qinshui and Gaoping boundary). When both sides saw it from a distance, they started fighting. The Zhao army had no backup and was surrounded and annihilated by the Qin army. Zhao Qie died in the battle.
Taking advantage of the victory, the Qin army launched a fierce attack on Zhao Kongcangling's defense line. In June, the two most important castles in the east and west of the defense line were successively breached by the Qin army. Zhao's four captaincy (the captain led a "department" establishment, a total of 10,000 people) were killed in battle.
Under the Qin army's day and night attacks, Lian Po's Kongcang Ridge defense line fell, and the Zhao army retreated to the second line of defense, the Danshui defense line.
This line of defense is actually a river valley. The Dan River is sandwiched between two mountains on the east and west, which is an extremely difficult natural danger to overcome.
Lian Po continued to build barriers on the mountains east of the Dan River. In this way, he not only had the Dan River with wide water and deep valleys to rely on, but also had two commanding heights, Daliang Mountain and Hanwang Mountain . He could have a bird's eye view of both sides of the Dan River for dozens of miles, and the movements of the enemy and ourselves could be as close as his fingertips.
At the same time, after Wang Hao broke through Zhao's naturally dangerous Kongcang Ridge and its defense cluster, he then captured his support and supply base - Guanglang City, a complete fortress surrounded by four mountains and three rivers. After removing all the obstacles to the eastward march to the Dan River, he rushed to the west bank of the Dan River and formed a confrontation with Zhao across the river.
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But when faced with Lian Po's Danhe defense line, Wang Hao had no idea. Zhao Han's 250,000 troops were all concentrated on the Dandong Mountain, building forts and digging holes day and night like mice.
The Qin army's leader, Wang Lu, had been unable to fight for a long time. The Qin army faced cold nights in the mountains, insufficient food and grass, and sick and wounded soldiers, which made him deeply worried about being trapped in Changping for a long time.
Not only are they anxious, the boss behind them is also anxious. If this stalemate continues, I don't know whether you will collapse or not, but Qin and Zhao will definitely not be able to hold on at first, because this battle is all about logistics and food.
Qin may still have food, but Zhao's food is about to be exhausted, and it is impossible to borrow food from other vassal states.
Yan State is an ally of Qin State. It took advantage of the Changping War between Qin and Zhao to attack Zhao State's city, so it is impossible for Yan State to lend food to Zhao State.
Han Wei had no time to take care of themselves and faced the threat of Qin. No Liang dared to borrow.
The state of Chu wanted to see both Qin and Zhao lose, and watch the tiger fight from across the mountain.
The State of Qi had a grudge against the State of Zhao. It was because of the State of Zhao that the Five Kingdoms attacked Qi, and later interrupted the recovery of the State of Qi again. So it's good that Qi didn't stab him in the back, and he also borrowed food.
Zhao Guo has no food and cannot borrow food. Qin wants to defeat Zhao Jun again, what should we do?
Then Qin had no choice but to let Lian Po go home.
Zhao Guo also wanted to replace Lian Po.
At this time, the State of Qin happened to use an countermeasure , which was in line with King Zhao's wishes, so he quickly changed his generals before the battle and replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo to command the battle of Changping.
Therefore, the first phase of the Battle of Changping ended. After both sides changed their commanders, they immediately entered the brutal second phase.
Bai Qi first sent a 25,000-man light vehicle unit, led by Sima Geng, up the river north, then turned southeast, detoured behind the Zhao army's camp, and occupied the Bailishi Great Wall to cut off the connection between Zhao army and the Handan base camp.
In addition, Bai Qi also sent 5,000 cavalry, led by young generals Meng Ao and Wang Jian , to avoid the 450,000 Zhao army in the Dan River Valley, quickly and forcefully cross the Dan River, and penetrate the east base defended by Feng Ting from the front. In order to cut off the connection between Feng Ting's 50,000 troops and Zhao Kuo's 450,000 troops.
After completing the above encirclement, Bai Qi first sent a challenge force of a thousand people to cross the Dan River and go to lure the enemy to death!
At the same time, after the above two strange troops gained a foothold, Bai Qi continued to increase troops on the two lines, and finally captured a large number of Zhao army positions east of Danhe, officially completing the division and encirclement of Zhao army. It was a terrible time. Zhao Kuo had soldiers but no food, and Feng Ting had food but no soldiers.
At this time, Zhao Kuo could only use the remaining food to attack the main force of the Qin army on the west bank of the Dan River, and then return to attack the two strange troops of the Qin army with Feng Ting to restore the decline.
There is no problem with this tactic. The Qin army has been increasing its troops on the east bank to steal the Zhao army's retreat. Its defense west of the Danhe River must be empty. Zhao Kuo's 450,000 troops are attacking with all their strength, and there is no chance of a comeback.
Unfortunately, Bai Qi did not give Zhao Kuo this opportunity. He actually learned Lian Po's shrinking tactics and built additional barriers day and night, making Danxi's defense impeccable, even better than Lian Po's before.
Soon, Feng Ting's 50,000 Shangdang troops were also completely annihilated by Sima Geng's 25,000 light chariot troops and the reinforcements sent by King Qin Zhaoxiang. Feng Ting himself died in the battle, and all the baggage and food in Daliang Mountain returned to the Qin army. At this point, Zhao Kuo's foreign aid was cut off, all his ambitions were in vain, and all that was left seemed to be waiting for death.
Therefore, Zhao Kuo personally commanded the elite troops to break through the encirclement, but was shot to death by random arrows from the Qin army.
After the victory in the Battle of Changping, Bai Qi divided the Qin army into three groups and expanded the results: he ordered Wang Lu to lead an army to capture Zhao's Pilao (place name); he ordered Sima Geng to lead an army north to capture Taiyuan (today's central area of Shanxi ); Bai Qi personally commanded the army to attack Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and wanted to destroy Zhao State in one fell swoop.
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