The great leader Chairman Mao has composed hundreds of poems in his life, such as "Qilu·Long March", "Recalling Qin'e·Loushanguan", "Qinyuanchun·Changsha", "Dielianhua·Answer to Li Shuyi", "Langtaosha·Beidaihe" and "Busuanzi·Yong Mei", etc., which are all well-known masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. No wonder, the famous Chilean poet Pablo Neruda would say this:
A poet won a new China!
Among the many excellent poems by great men, the most famous and classic is "Qinyuanchun·Snow", which has become the consensus of almost everyone. By describing the magnificent scenery and snowy scenery of the North, this word shows the author's majestic artistic conception and ideal and romantic feelings.
Maybe you don’t know that there are many unknown stories behind this poem, and listen to literature and history tell them. In order to resist plagiarism, I have no choice but to add watermarks to pictures from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us to delete the pictures. At the same time, it is stated that the article is only published on headline account and Baijia account. Any other third parties are shameless plagiarism!
In October 1935, after a year of arduous strategic transfer, the Red Army finally arrived at Wuqi Town in northern Shaanxi, thus achieving a staged victory in the Long March. In October 1936, with the successful arrival of the Second Red Front Army and the Fourth Red Front in the Huining area of Gansu Province, the great Long March finally came to an end.
The Red Army's Long March passed through 15 provinces, climbed more than 20 mountains, and crossed more than 30 rivers, with a total distance of 25,000 miles. Due to the wrong command of Bogu, Li De and others, although we lost our original base area and sacrificed many commanders and fighters, we finally preserved and tempered ourselves and turned the revolutionary cause out of danger.
Although the Long March was victorious, the situation at that time was still very severe and full of uncertain factors. Next, Wen Shibu will analyze and tell you one by one.
Nominally, we occupy the northern Shaanxi region, but the territory we really control is very limited, only Anding County, Yanchang County, Yanchuan County , Ansai County, Jingbian County and most of Bao'an County. Moreover, these areas are very isolated and backward. Not only do they have no industry, but even agriculture is very weak.
After the "September 18th Incident", Japan has launched a war of aggression against China and occupied the northeastern region of . The national contradiction between China and Japan has become the main contradiction. However, the Nationalist Government headed by Chiang put the cart before the horse and continued to "encircle and suppress" the Red Army under the policy of "reconciling foreign forces before settling within", and pursued them from the south to northern Shaanxi.
In the summer of 1935, Zhang Xueliang was transferred to the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northwest Suppression Campaign and assumed the authority of acting commander-in-chief, commanding the Northeast Army to continue the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. He was originally reluctant to the civil war . After experiencing three disastrous defeats in the Battle of Laoshan, the Battle of Yulinqiao and the Zhiluo Town Battle , he finally ceased the war and even formed a certain "tacit understanding."
The local warlord Yan Xishan who had been entrenched in Shanxi for many years learned that the Red Army had arrived in northern Shaanxi, and he began to have trouble sleeping and eating. He had to guard against the Japanese infiltration from the east and north, the Central Army from the south, and the Red Army from the west. He repeatedly described himself as "dancing on three eggs, even if I step on any one of them."
Li De stills
Everyone can see that a Red Army of this size simply cannot survive on this small piece of barren land in northern Shaanxi, let alone develop and grow. Therefore, reopening new Soviet areas or expanding the scale of existing Soviet areas has become an urgent problem to be solved. According to Li De's recollection in " China Chronicle":
Although the new base area in northern Shaanxi covers an area of 30,000 to 40,000 square kilometers, except for Wayaopu , all big cities and most of the larger villages and towns are occupied by the enemy, and the only road from Xi'an to Yan'an is also controlled by the enemy.Looking around, except for a few fertile river valleys, the rest is poor yellow land. There are no woods everywhere, only ravines. This area is one of the poorest and most backward areas in the country.
In order to get rid of these difficulties, many people began to actively provide suggestions and truthfully reflect their true thoughts to the organization. Among them, some people think that we should expand to the northwest region, so that we can avoid the Kuomintang army and the Japanese and puppet troops, and get military assistance from the Soviet Union; some people think that we should march to the Hanzhong area, so that we can wait for opportunities to re-enter the country through Henan, Anhui, Hubei and other places. Returning to Jiangxi, the mass base there is very good; some people think that we should cross the Yellow River eastward to escape the barren land of northern Shaanxi, develop to the rich Jinzhong area, and take the opportunity to establish a base area, so that we can directly resist the Japanese invasion.
In December 1935, we held an enlarged meeting in Wayaobao, Anding County, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current situation, which was historically known as the "Wayaobao Meeting". In the end, the meeting adopted the idea of "mobilizing, uniting, and organizing the whole of China and the entire nation to jointly oppose Japanese imperialism" and formulated the strategic guidelines of the Anti-Japanese National United Front .
Based on the spirit of this meeting, we immediately proposed to Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng the idea of "stopping the civil war and uniting to resist Japan", which finally aroused the resonance of the other party. After several secret contacts, the Red Army, the Northeast Army, and the 17th Route Army consolidated their previous "tacit understanding" and took the lead in forming a "united front" in the region.
Now that it is clear that Japan is the biggest enemy, the plans to march westward and southward will naturally be shelved, and the eastward expedition across the Yellow River will become the focus of the next step. At the same time, Yan Xishan was also prepared for a "death battle" in order to prevent the Red Army from entering Jin.
Objectively speaking, the "King of Shanxi" Yan Xishan is pretty good compared to other local warlords, and he even has many remarkable things, such as attaching importance to agricultural development, promoting new social trends, establishing basic industries, prohibiting men from wearing braids, prohibiting women from binding their feet, creating new schools, and building roads and railways... Among them, the famous Northwest Industrial Company and Taiyuan Arsenal had already taken shape at that time, which can be called the most complete and systematic military industrial base in the country.
In order to prevent the Red Army from entering Shanxi, the treacherous and cunning Yan Xishan began to carry out false propaganda very early, and also promoted the slogan of "preventing communism ideologically, guarding against communism politically, guarding against communism by force, and guarding against communism by the people". Furthermore, he specifically proposed the reactionary measures of "nine points of politics and one point of military to prevent communism, seven points of politics and three points of military to suppress communism", which deceived the support of some people.
Yan Xishan
Yan Xishan mobilized 5 brigades of troops to station in Wubao, Jiaxian and Shenmu, which was equivalent to containing the Red Army from the north. At the same time, he built a large number of high towers and bunkers along the Yellow River as the first line of defense, built a second line of defense in important towns, and formed a third line of defense relying on the passes and arteries in the Luliang Mountains.
After completing the above deployment, Yan Xishan deployed the main forces of the Jin Army in Datong, Taiyuan, Changzhi, Linfen, Yuncheng and other places, ready to use convenient transportation lines for mobile operations at any time. It can be seen that he used all his belongings to resist the Red Army and sabotage the anti-Japanese resistance.
In January 1936, we issued the "Order on the Red Army's Eastward March to Resist Japan and Punish the Traitor Yan Xishan", requiring the 1st Red Army, Red 15th Army, , Red 28th Army and Red 30th Army to quickly complete their troop assembly and prepare. At the same time, Peng Dehuai was appointed as the commander and Ye Jianying was appointed as the chief of staff. The great man personally served as political commissar and accompanied the army on the expedition.
A month later, just before the Eastern Expedition troops were about to cross the Yellow River eastward, the Chairman was so excited after appreciating the magnificent and colorful snow scenery and mountains and rivers in northern Shaanxi that he improvised the song "Qinyuan Spring·Snow". However, due to the impending war, almost no one except the guards around him knew of its birth.
Crossing the Yellow River and entering Shanxi, the Red 15th Army, the vanguard of the Eastern Expedition , quickly achieved a great victory in the Battle of Pengmen, wiping out an elite regiment of Yan Xishan with lightning speed.Regarding this battle, according to the memory of Yang Dezhi, the commander of the Red 2nd Division at the time:
was not captured for a long time, and the enemy was quite tenacious. I was anxious, so I immediately tried to figure out a way with Chen Geng to adjust our deployment and continue the attack. After fighting for most of the night, I finally cracked this hard nut.
After this defeat, Yan Xishan truly understood the combat effectiveness of the Red Army and no longer dared to laugh at the Central Army, the Northeast Army, the 17th Route Army, as well as those Sichuan Army, Hunan Army , Gui Army , Guizhou Army, Yunnan Army , etc. In order to maintain his territory, he knew that relying solely on the Jin army had no chance of winning, so he had to agree to allow the Chiang Kai-shek troops to enter the Jin Dynasty.
On May 14, 1936, we held an enlarged meeting at Taixiang Temple in Yanchuan County and made a high-level summary and evaluation of the Eastern Expedition. It mentioned:
We won the battle, aroused the people, prepared property, and expanded the Red Army.
Although the Red Army's Eastern Expedition failed to achieve the goal of establishing a base area in Shanxi, it still achieved great achievements. In addition to expanding their own living space, they also shattered the Kuomintang's "pursuit and suppression" plan and promoted the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.
After the Eastern Expedition, in order to further consolidate the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Base Area, we began to promote the Red Army's Western Expedition. In October 1936, with the successful arrival of the Second Red Front Army and the Fourth Red Front Army in the Huining area of Gansu Province, this plan began to be implemented.
Xu Xiangqian
On the night of October 24, 1936, Xu Xiangqian, the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Red Army, issued an order to cross the Yellow River westward, breaking through Ma Buqing's defense line along the river in one fell swoop. However, because Ma Jiajun has been operating in Gansu and Qinghai areas all year round, using narrow national concepts and religious superstitions to deceive the people, the offensive of the Western Expeditionary Army has been repeatedly blocked.
Under extremely difficult circumstances, although the Western Expeditionary Army failed to achieve its set goals and suffered casualties, its unyielding and heroic spirit is equally respectable. At the same time, it also contributed a lot to the peaceful resolution of the "Xi'an Incident" and the formation of the anti-Japanese national united front.
After the Wayaobao Conference, Zhang Xueliang met or wrote to Chiang several times, strongly calling for joint efforts to resist foreign humiliation under the national crisis, but was severely reprimanded by the other party. In order to continue the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army, he personally flew to Xi'an in early December 1936 to supervise the war. He also planned to transfer Generals Zhang and Yang to be replaced by Jiang Dingwen.
In desperation, the two patriotic generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng had no choice but to launch a military revolt on December 12, detaining the other party's personnel and forcing them to "stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan." After our active mediation, the "Xi'an Incident" was finally peacefully resolved, and the anti-Japanese national united front began to take shape.
In July 1937, the Japanese garrison in North China conducted provocations outside the city of Wanping in the name of an exercise. They also requested a search on the grounds that a soldier was "missing". Naturally, the Chinese army refused. As a mere captain of the regiment, Mutaguchi Lian directly ordered the bombardment of the city. Finally, he received a full-scale counterattack from the 29th Army, and the all-out war of resistance began.
On the second day after Japan launched the " Marco Polo Bridge Incident", we immediately issued an anti-Japanese message, calling on the military and civilians across the country to unite to resist aggression. On August 22, the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government officially reorganized the Red Army in the northwest into the Eighth Route Army (later changed to the Eighteenth Group Army), and appointed Zhu De and Peng Dehuai as chief and deputy commander-in-chief.
Hirohito
On August 15, 1945, the once arrogant Emperor Hirohito finally lowered his criminal head and was forced to announce his acceptance of the "Potsdam Declaration" and unconditional surrender. So far, the Chinese people have finally won victory after 14 years of arduous struggle. The whole country is eagerly looking forward to peace, but Jiang is still plotting dictatorship and despotism.
In order to expose this conspiracy of "fake peace and real civil war" and to maximize the peace of the country, the great man flew to Chongqing in person for negotiations on August 28, 1945, regardless of his personal safety.During this period, he not only actively promoted the ideas of "peace, democracy, and unity", but also met extensively with people from all walks of life, such as Zhang Lan, Shen Junru, Huang Yanpei, Zhang Shizhao, and Zhang Shenfu.
As a center-left figure of the Kuomintang, Yu Youren, in addition to serving as the Audit Director and Supervisory Director of the National Government, is also a famous educator, calligrapher and poet, and is quite influential in all walks of life. On September 6, he specially hosted a banquet for our representatives at his official residence, and also invited Zhang Zhizhong, Zhang Qun and Shao Lizi to accompany him. While talking about poetry during the dinner, he was full of praise for "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
On October 2, the great man took advantage of his busy schedule to invite the famous poet Liu Yazi to Hongyan Village to talk. By the way, he also brought the young painter Yin Shoushi. Because the two of them had a great conversation, he wrote "Qinyuan Spring·Snow" in great interest and presented it to the other party. He also modestly said:
A poem he wrote when he first came to northern Shaanxi and saw heavy snow seemed to be slightly close to his poem style, so he recorded it and submitted it for review.
Later, Liu Yazi gave back a song he composed called "Qinyuan Chun", but the artistic conception and rhythm were not comparable to it. Today, Wen Shibu also found this poem:
Reunion after 20 years, a new poem, sharing the same meaning.
I sigh that the green plum wine is stagnant, leaving me feeling confused;
The Yellow River is turbid, and the whole world is surging.
Next to Dishan Yang, Boren is with me. It’s hard to level a block with a sword.
I am so sad, crying for the unparalleled national scholar, the most enchanting.
is so talented and beautiful that I have admired all the poets throughout the ages.
Even though he is the governor of Huangzhou, he still lacks the spirit;
Jiaxuan layman only solves his complaints.
is even more smiling at Hu'er, Nalan Rongruo, lustful and affectionate.
You and I must go to heaven and earth to seize the present moment.
Since his colleague Yin Shoushi was preparing for a joint exhibition of poetry and painting, he later exhibited Liu Yazi's "Qinyuanchun" publicly. To be fair, this is also a masterpiece. The line "You and I, we must go up to the world and seize the present moment" is also quite meaningful, which naturally aroused heated discussion in the cultural circles.
Regarding the incoming praise, Liu Yazi seemed to be frightened and said many times that this was just a sequel to "Qinyuanchun·Snow". Since the original work has not been published publicly, more and more people are eager to read it.
After 43 days of arduous negotiations from August 29 to October 10, 1945, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party finally reached the "Minutes of Talks between Government and Communist Party Representatives", which is the " Double Ten Agreement ". After great efforts and concessions from our side, this agreement was reached reluctantly, which can be regarded as retaining the possibility of peaceful nation-building.
On November 14, 1945, Wu Zuguang, who was the editor of Xinmin Daily, finally obtained the content of "Qinyuanchun Snow" and published it first in the supplement "Western Night Stories". At that time, the great man had already returned to Yan'an after signing the "Double Ten Agreement" and naturally knew nothing about this matter.
With the public release of "Qinyuanchun·Snow", it immediately rolled up like a giant rock, creating a rare grand event in the post-war Chinese literary world. It is said that people from all walks of life in the mountain city of Chongqing admired Mao Gong, who was originally slandered as the "bandit leader", "mountain king" and "bumpkin", but he turned out to be such a great poet with a broad mind.
Mr. Jiang also read the song "Qinyuan Spring·Snow" from the newspaper. Although he was secretly amazed, he showed disapproval. He even asked his "literary master" Chen Brai face to face how he should evaluate this poem. However, I got such a positive answer:
is so majestic and powerful that it can be called a masterpiece!
In order to eliminate someone's " resentment ", the Nationalist Government launched a "crazy counterattack" through the propaganda department, arranging various literati to re-write lyrics and then publish the best ones, hoping to submerge "Qinyuan Spring·Snow" in the ocean. It's a pity that there are quite a lot of works collected, but there are really not many that can be used. Almost all of them are just random and follow-up works.
At that time, Wang Ruofei, who was still in Chongqing, collected these "Qinyuanchun" and sent them to Yan'an. The great man just smiled and said nothing after reading them.However, people like , Huang Qisheng, , Xie Juezai, Qian Taiwei and others couldn't help but laugh. They commented that these follow-up works were just "crows and cicadas" and were really not elegant.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, great men had little time to write poems due to their busy state affairs, but they still did not forget their "nature as a poet". During this period, he successively created "Huanxisha·Mr. Liu Yazi", "Langtaosha·Beidaihe", "Wulu·Looking at the Mountain" and " Qijue·Moganshan ", etc., which poured out his feelings for the country and the people.
Zang Kejia
In 1956, China Writers Association decided to found "Poetry Magazine" and hired Zang Kejia as the editor-in-chief. They also planned to publish the poems of great people in the first issue to increase the influence of the magazine. In order to obtain my consent, they jointly wrote a letter asking for instructions, and finally received a personal reply:
Kejia and fellow comrades: The letter of benefit has been received long ago, and I apologize for the delay! As instructed, I will write down a total of eighteen old-style poems that I have remembered. Copy them and send them on a separate sheet. Please add them to the review office. I have never been willing to officially publish these things. Since you think it can be published, then you should do it as you think.
The publication of "Poetry Magazine" certainly lived up to expectations and set off a wave of poetry learning across the country. Zang Ke's family also had the honor to report to the great man in person. After finishing the business talk, he finally had the opportunity to talk about poetry, and he even boldly suggested that it would be better to replace the word "wax" in "Yuan Chi Waxiang" with the word "wax" in "Qinyuan Spring·Snow".
The chairman obviously did not expect that Zang Kejia had studied his poems so deeply, and immediately said that "the changes were good." From then on, he completely remembered this "master of one word" and would definitely send him any new poems for correction.
It can be said that "Qinyuanchun·Snow" includes both national feelings and personal morality, making it an immortal history book. Finally, let's recite this poem together: @文史不fal
The scenery of the north, Thousands of miles of ice, , Thousands of miles of snow drifting.
Looking at the Great Wall inside and outside, there is nothing but vastness;
the river is flowing up and down, suddenly it stops flowing.
The silver snake dances in the mountains, and the original wax figure wants to compete with God.
It must be a clear day, and it is particularly enchanting to see the red clothes and plain clothes.
The country is so beautiful that countless heroes compete to bow to it.
Cherish the Qin Emperor and the Han Dynasty, slightly less literary talent;
Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less charming;
Genghis Khan, the genius of the generation, only knows how to bend a bow and shoot big eagles.
is gone. Let’s count the famous figures. Let’s look at the current
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