Chen Yun is recognized as an outstanding leader of the Party and the country. He is especially good at economic work, leaving the world with the legend of "remembering Chen Yun when there are difficulties in the state". He was also called "the deputy chief designer of reform and opening up " by Deng Xiaoping.
Chen Yun
Chen Yun has always called himself a primary school student because the formal education he received only reached high school (high school in the Republic of China generally refers to grades 5-6). When filling out his files, Chen Yun wrote in the academic column truthfully - Graduate from high school (1935-1936 once studied at the Moscow Lenin School in the Soviet Union for one year).
But this is the opportunity to go to elementary school, which is also very rare for Chen Yun, who died of both his parents and his family was extremely poor at the age of four. He once dropped out of school three times and returned to school three times. If he had not met the distinguished guests in the tavern and the graduate visit of the elementary school teacher, Chen Yun's life trajectory might have been completely different.
Why is Chen Yun’s journey to study so difficult? Who are those distinguished guest, Bole, and the home visiting teacher? Today's article let us get closer to them and learn about Chen Yun's bumpy journey to study.
1. Orphan Liao Chenyun, a diligent guy in a hotel,
Chen Yun, also known as Liao Chenyun, why does this name have it? This starts with his bitter childhood life. Chen Yun was born in a poor peasant family in Liantang Town, Qingpu, Shanghai.
In the early morning of June 13, 1905, Chen Yun was born in a humble room rented by his parents from a boss of Mixing. After Chen Yun's mother gave birth to him, she fell ill in bed all year round and could not take care of herself. During such difficult and difficult years, Chen Yun's parents died one after another, and the four-year-old Chen Yun and his sister Chen Xing depended on each other. The parents left three kinds of furniture for the siblings—the bed, stool, table and a debt of dozens of yuan, as well as the sadness of the mother when she left in her young heart. His father left him so little that when he wrote his autobiography later, he could not remember his father's name except his last name.
Chen Yun’s former residence (Chen Yun’s uncle’s home)
What should I do if two children whose parents die? Four-year-old Chen Yun and eight-year-old sister Chen Xing were taken to their uncle's house by their grandmother. Uncle Liao Wenguang made a living by tailoring and had no children for many years after marriage. In 1911, Chen Yun's grandmother entrusted the orphan to Liao Wenguang before her death, and asked Liao Wenguang to regard Chen Yun as her own son and make him a child.
From then on, Chen Yun became the adopted son of his uncle Liao Wenguang, and the name Liao Chenyun was given. Liao Chenyun's name represents Chen Yun's hard childhood, and is also full of deep emotions between him and his uncle's family. Later, Chen Yun subsidized the salary he earned to his uncle's family. After the founding of New China, he also took his aunt to Beijing to live together and gave her a care for her (my uncle passed away in the late 1930s).
Chen Yun and his sister Chen Xing
Although their family is poor, their uncles and parents care very much about Chen Yun and do their best to create learning conditions for Chen Yun. Chen Yun went to private schools in the same village, Yishan Primary School, and commercial vocational schools in the county. The study process was very difficult and intermittent. However, he cherishes every learning opportunity very much, and shows a learning spirit of loving learning, focusing on dedication, and self-discipline.
When Chen Yun was eight years old, he went to a private school in the town, and the tutor was Liu Min'an. From Mr. Liu, I learned the principles of being a human being. The young Chen Yun was the first to learn knowledge and also gained happiness from his studies. He also showed excellent qualities and talents in learning. He studied hard, had strong memory and strong acceptance. He completed the first and second grades of elementary school in one year. Mr. Liu teaches children to write calligraphy every day, and Chen Yun’s calligraphy skills are also laid out here.
Chen Yun’s handwriting
What’s rare is that Chen Yun also became friends with his teacher’s son Liu Guozhen. In his revolutionary career, once in danger, he hid at Liu Guozhen’s house for a night and got rid of danger.
1914, 9-year-old Chen Yun entered Yishan Primary School to study. Two years later, he dropped out of school due to family difficulties.In the summer of 1917, Chen Yun left Liantang Town for the first time and entered the county town. According to his uncle's arrangement, he came to Qingpu County Type B Commercial School to study abacus and bookkeeping, and made plans for his future livelihood. Because the family's financial difficulties were unsustainable, Chen Yun only studied in this school for more than a month and dropped out of school. Here Chen Yun studied eagerly, and in more than a month he basically mastered abacus and accountkeeping, which shows Chen Yun's desire for knowledge and his strong learning ability.
In the early 20th century, China's social unrest was unstable, and my uncle's tailoring business was getting worse and worse. In order to make a living, Chen Yun's uncle changed his career and opened a tavern. The sensible Chen Yun helped his uncle and parents with housework in his spare time. Study time is very precious to Chen Yun. According to Chen Yun's neighbors Sun Fubao and Qian Jiafu, Chen Yun was very diligent in studying, not playing, and was very self-controlled. He called him to play, and went home to study after only playing for ten minutes. He also got up very early every morning. When he went to Chen Yun's uncle's shop, he often saw him reading and writing, and heard the sound of books.
2. The small hotel, bookstore, and Taoist temple were all his schools.
Although his learning experience was bumpy and his learning process was intermittent, Chen Yun always seized all opportunities to learn and improve himself and cultivate his interests and hobbies. The Changchun Garden Bookstore and Yinzhen Taoist Temple near my uncle's uncle's house have become "good schools" for young Chen Yun to study.
There was no modern propaganda method in that era, so the boss of the bookstore sent people to go around the streets to promote the performance arrangements of the day. Chen Yun was also attracted to the bookstore and fell in love with listening to Pingtan . But at that time, I had to pay for listening to books. I had to pay 3 copper to buy a bamboo chip. He was short of money and imitated the allusion of "chising a wall to borrow light" and staged a "waiting a wall" and stood in the corner of the wall opposite the book stand and listened to the teacher's storytelling. Until his later years, Chen Yun still remembered this vividly.
Changchun Garden Bookstore (Changchun Garden Pingtan)
Listen over and over again, not only did the Pingtan increase knowledge and cultivate sentiment, but the artist's narration and silk string singing comforted and moistened his young heart, and Pingtan became Chen Yun's lifelong hobby. Now, in front of Chen Yun’s former residence in Shanghai, there is a signboard for Changchun Garden Bookstore. People can follow the signboard to come to the bookstore, travel through time and space, listen to another Pingtan, and feel the elegance and charm of Chen Yun’s lifelong love Pingtan.
There is another place, which is also the place where Chen Yun often visited in his childhood, that is, the Yinzhen Taoist Temple on , Liantang Town. How could Chen Yun like to go to this place? It turns out that what attracted him was the music here. After going there more, Chen Yun became good friends with President Wanlongtai of the Taoist Court. Wanlongtai also taught Chen Yun to learn two musical instruments - flute and huqin .
3. Another village is bright and bright. A young man met a distinguished guest in a tavern. The principal recommended Chen Yun to return to campus
Liantang Although it is a small town, it has convenient water and land transportation. The river in the center of the town is an important tributary of the Huangpu River . There are many ships coming and going, and the business is quite prosperous. If you are good at studying, you will be an official; if you are good at serving, you will be a businessman; if you are good at serving, you will be a teachingman. In 1889, the townsmen donated money to establish Yan'an Academy, which means "Yan Zi is content with poverty and enjoys the way."
After the Xinhai Revolution, there was a great intellectual Du Shu (named Hengbo), who was knowledgeable and had the will to help the world. In 1912, he was invited to serve as the first principal of Yan'an National Primary School, Liantang Public. Du Hengbo is a model of uprightness, strict discipline, strict school management, advanced school management philosophy, adapt to the requirements of the times, abolished reading of scriptures, and open practical abacus and handicraft subjects. Taking "diligence and sincerity" as the school motto, "Yan An" has become a well-known good school, and students from all over the country come to study.
After dropping out of business school, Chen Yun has been helping in his uncle's tavern. The guests coming and going in the tavern, the young Chen Yun listens to stories from all over the world and learns about the outside world. Du Hengbo is a frequent visitor in the hotel. Principal Du, who is very aware of discovering, found that Chen Yun is a good material to be made. It is a pity that he only works odd jobs in the store, so he recommended Chen Yun to go to Yan'an Primary School for free. With the favor of God and the help of distinguished guests, Chen Yun, the "young guy", was able to return to school in the late autumn of 1917.
Du Hengbo was the principal during his tenure as principal, many new teachers who were influenced by new ideas were invited, and the curriculum settings were adjusted, modern physical education classes were added, "boy scouts" were established among students, and "benevolence, wisdom and courage" education was carried out to inspire students' patriotic and responsible spirit. Such patriotic ideological education and cultivation of abilities will play a role when it is special, especially in the turbulent era when the country is constantly declining. Yan'an Primary School can be regarded as the cradle of the early revolutionaries of Qingpu . This primary school located in the front town of the Yangtze River Delta, has emerged from the leaders of the party and state like Chen Yun, and has also cultivated many capable patriots, such as the first leader of the Battlefield Service Group of the Songhu Anti-Japanese War, Yuan Wenbin, and a group of revolutionary patriots, including Wu Zhixi, commander-in-chief of the Fengjing Riot Peasant Revolutionary Army. has achieved remarkable achievements, fragrant peaches and talents emerged.
4. Yan'an met his mentor at elementary school and participated in the May Fourth Movement. A home visit changed his life
Yan'an Primary School became a very important stop in Chen Yun's life. After that, he studied here for two years, which became a rare time for his dedicated study in his life. Chen Yun naturally cherishes this hard-earned learning opportunity. During his studies at Yan An, he studied extremely hard and his grades were always among the best. Most importantly, here he met the teacher who changed his life, the head teacher Zhang Xinggong.
Zhang Xinggong
Zhang Xinggong is from Songjiang, Shanghai. He not only has profound literary attainments, but also has progressed his thoughts. He is deeply influenced by the new culture new thoughts. On May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Movement first broke out in Beijing. Soon the news reached Shanghai, and the Qingpu academic community also took action. On May 9, a parade and demonstration were held to support Beijing. On May 11, the Qingpu County Education Bureau mobilized the county to suspend classes. Zhang Xinggong led Chen Yun and other students to resolutely join this great patriotic movement. Chen Yun participated in the "Ten People's Group of Saving the Country" and "National Saving the Country Saving the Fund" organized by the school, calling on the students to save their pocket money to buy paper, make flags, print flyers, and give speeches in various places in the town, performing the short drama "Ye Mingchen" to express his patriotic enthusiasm.
Chen Yun was very devoted at that time. Once when he was giving a speech in a teahouse, he was full of passion and overturned the teapot. Chen Yun still remembers these unforgettable scenes decades later. In 1939, Chen Yun recalled these passionate years when he wrote an article commemorating the 20th anniversary of the May Fourth Movement in "Chinese Youth". After the baptism of the May Fourth Movement, Chen Yun's thoughts on national affairs became deeper, and he also buried a seed for his later development on the revolutionary path.
Zhang Xinggong changed Chen Yun's life. Not only did he teach knowledge in class, drive everyone to participate in the May Fourth Movement, sow the seeds of patriotic progress in their hearts, but more importantly, he gave Chen Yun a chance to change his life. After Chen Yun graduated from Yan'an Primary School, Teacher Zhang Xinggong once visited Chen Yun's home, which was the home visit that changed Chen Yun's life trajectory.
Chen Yun encountered difficulties again after graduation and stood at the crossroads of his life. Although Chen Yun has always been among the best in school, reality is in front of him. His family situation does not allow him to continue his studies. He cannot find a suitable job for a while and can only help with housework at home. At that time, Chen Yun's other classmates all walked out of Liantang, some went to high school to continue their studies, and some started working, which made him envious.
has been consuming at home like this, and has become a slut? Just when Chen Yun was at a loss, Teacher Zhang Xinggong became Chen Yun's savior. After the summer vacation, Teacher Zhang visited the graduates' families to learn about the students' development after graduation. It turned out that Chen Yun had neither went to school nor found a job.
Teacher Zhang Xinggong wrote in "Memoirs About Chen Yun":
"Only his best classmate Liao Chenyun is staying at home." "If you stay at home all the time, you will miss his future."
After learning about the actual difficulties in Chen Yun's family, he decided to do his best to help this best classmate.Teacher Zhang himself is not well off, so he cannot provide tuition funding, so he uses his social resources to find ways to help Chen Yun find a job. If you have any understanding of Chen Yun’s life experience, you must know that Chen Yun’s first work unit in his life is “ Commercial Press ”.
Teacher Zhang is a good teacher who really takes the students' affairs to heart. On the day he came back from Chen Yun's house, he wrote to his second brother Zhang Zihong in Shanghai. Zhang Zihong served as the director of stationery cabinets and instrument cabinets in Shanghai Commercial Press. A month later, Zhang Zihong sent a letter and notified Chen Yun to apply for a job in Shanghai. Zhang Xinggong happily informed Chen Yun and personally led Chen Yun to Commercial Press.
With the recommendation of Teacher Zhang, Chen Yun successfully joined the Commercial Press and opened a new chapter in his life. He worked in Commercial Press for seven years, not only increased his talents, but also became an expert in pen repair, but also received the baptism of the "May 30th Movement". He participated in and led the workers' movement, came into contact with the Communist Party's organization, and studied Marxist theory. During this period, he published several articles on the workers' movement. In 1925, Chen Yun joined the Communist Party of China gloriously, and went from an ignorant boy to a staunch Marxist, started his revolutionary life, and began his career as a professional revolution.
5. Always remember the day when I set off, the unforgettable Yan'an Primary School, the unforgettable mentor
Chen Yun lost his father at the age of two. When Chen Yun wrote his autobiography in 1936, he couldn't remember his father's name. "My father's surname is Chen, and his name is what he is, and now he can't remember it. Later, my uncle asked me to be a son, so he didn't tell me about his father's situation at all." However, there was a day when Chen Yun wrote his autobiography clearly - the seventh day of the 10th lunar month, 1919 (December 8, 1919), why did Chen Yun have so deep impression of this day and remember it in his heart? Because this day was the day when Chen Yun left Liantang Town and headed to Commercial Press. This departure was the beginning of a new journey, and this day was a day that changed his destiny for Chen Yun.
Yan An Primary School (Chen Yun wrote the school name)
This day is engraved in the depths of Chen Yun's memory, and also means that Chen Yun's deep attachment and gratitude to Yan'an Primary School, and sincerely thanks to Principal Du Hengbo who was grateful for the kindness of knowing and the brothers Zhang Xinggong and Zhang Zihong who changed their fate.
1936, Chen Yun and more than 40 students who graduated from Yan'an Primary School raised funds to build the "Principal Du Mr. Hengbo Memorial Tower" on campus, remembering the good principal who had achieved remarkable results for 16 years in the school. In 1955, Chen Yun, as Vice Premier of the State Council, returned to his hometown, and his first stop was to return to his alma mater, Yan'an Primary School. In September 1986, Comrade Chen Yun wrote the school name "Yan'an Primary School" for his alma mater.
Duhengbo Memorial Tower
Yan Primary School site has been used since the fifteenth year of Guangxu (now No. 16 Xiatang Street, Liantang Town). It is the oldest primary school in the Qingpu area in Shanghai. Because it has walked out of many outstanding students, including Chen Yun, it has become the cultural relics protection unit of Qingpu District since 2001. On the south side of the campus is the old classroom when Chen Yun was studying, inspiring generations of Yan'an students to cherish the hard-won stable life, study hard, and grow up to become a pillar of the country.
For Teacher Zhang Xinggong and Master Zhang Zihong, Chen Yun will always remember their recommendations and help. He repeatedly looked for opportunities to visit the Zhang brothers and expressed his gratitude, " I sincerely thank you and Mr. Zihong, because you helped me leave Liantang Town and enter business, where I could move towards the direction of revolution. " "Without your husband, I would not be today."
Comrade Chen Yun lived at the bottom of society since he was a child, suffering from hardships. His bumpy study journey and great glorious life told the world that background cannot determine everything. You can change your destiny through hard work. No matter how good or bad you are in good times, you must have dreams, be grateful, move forward bravely, and never give up easily. Those who help themselves help him, and those who have ambition will succeed!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-