The literary inquisition was highly strengthened in the Qing Dynasty's autocratic centralization, and it was also clearly manifested in the cultural field. The rulers had very strict control over thoughts and culture, and they slaughtered scholars many times. The ancestors of the

literal inquisition

Qing Dynasty The high strengthening of monarchical autocracy and centralization has also been clearly manifested in the cultural field. The rulers had very strict control over thoughts and culture, and they slaughtered scholars many times. The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty once had a long time before the Ming Dynasty, and after Qingshuang Renguan, they were secretive about this. If Fafan had any cause, they would be punished for serious crimes. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty rulers were also very suspicious of the national consciousness of scholars who recited the Ming Dynasty, respected the Southern Ming Dynasty, and denied the orthodox status of the Qing court, and regarded it as a sign of ideological " anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty", and suppressed it severely. There were two major literary inquisitions in the Kangxi dynasty, both of which appeared in the above context. The first time was the case of Zhuang Ting-line's " Ming Shi " in 1663) in the second year of Kangxi. Zhuang Tingluo, a rich man from Zhejiang, purchased the broken version of "History of Ming Dynasty" at the end of Ming Dynasty, and asked someone to supplement it and think it was written for himself. There are many words and phrases in the books that the Qing court taboo, and were accused of "reverse book". At that time, Zhuang was dead, and his body was cut off and killed, causing more than 70 deaths. In the 50th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1711), the case of Dai Mingshi (" Nanshan Ji " occurred. Dai was edited by the Hanlin Academy, and his book "Nanshan Ji" quoted the book "Hong Kong Ji Wen". The book discussed historical events in the Southern Ming Dynasty and used the reign titles of the emperors of the Southern Ming Dynasty to be orthodox. As a result, the matter was impeached, Dai Mingshi was executed, and Fang Xiaobiao was killed, implicated the family members of the two families and hundreds of people who published and wrote the preface, and all of them were discussed. After death, he was guarding the border.

In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), a case of Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi’s rebellion occurred. Zeng Jing, a native of Hunan, and Zhang Xi, instigated the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and fought against the Qing Dynasty, accused him of killing his father, Dai Li, killing his brother and slaughtering his brother, and was arrested by Yue Zhongqi. After interrogation, it was found that Zeng Jing’s thoughts such as “ Chinese and foreigners’ identification ” came from The late scholar Lu Liuliang then cut off the coffin and killed the corpse. His descendants and disciples were killed or exiled to the army. He also issued the distorted debate texts between Yongzheng and Zeng Jing to the world, called "Dayijuemilu ".

Qianlong List inquiries were more frequent, most of which were more than those of Kang and Yong dynasties. Most of them were nitpicking, looking for the text to make meaning, and misinterpretation, and falsely explained it. Sin. For example, the use of the words "Ming" and "Qing" in poems and essays is often accepted by deep literature. "Ask who is ambition to clarify", "Looking forward to the Ming Dynasty", "Restoring the tide of the Ming Dynasty, and leaving the Qing capital in one fell swoop" are all regarded as anti-poems. The author will be executed when he is alive, and the corpse will be killed when he is dead. Under the autocratic and tyrannical power of the Qing Dynasty emperors, scholars are afraid of their heads and tails and often get blamed, forming a tragic situation of "ten thousand horses are dark". By Jiaqing and Daoguang dynasties, the literary website began to gradually disperse.