However, following the Qing government's policy of strengthening interference with North Korea and the growing calls for the civilized faction in North Korea to promote North Korea's modernization, there were differences within the Korean dynasty on diplomatic issues, and the ide

3At the end of the 19th century, North Korea was dominated by the major domestic factions and had always adhered to the principle of pro-China in diplomacy.

However, following the Qing government's policy of strengthening interference with North Korea and the growing calls for the civilized faction in North Korea to promote North Korea's modernization, there were differences within the Korean dynasty on diplomatic issues, and the idea of ​​"United Japan to clear the Qing Dynasty" came into being.

Influenced by the Sino-Japanese " Treaty of Shimonoseki ", the vassal relationship between China and North Korea over the past few hundred years has ended, and the Joseon Dynasty ushered in unprecedented changes. In order to seize the opportunity and achieve national independence, the diplomatic direction of the Korean dynasty changed from "Uniting Russia to reject Japan" to "inducing Russia to reject Japan."

Qing Dynasty Interfering in North Korea's policy caused dissatisfaction

Since 1392, Lee Chenggui established the Joseon Dynasty, has told Ming Dynasty that North Korea is willing to "make great sincerity" and announced the establishment of a tribute relationship with China. The vassal relationship between China and North Korea has begun.

After North Korea opened Hong Kong in full, the national modernization concept and modern international law were introduced into North Korea, and the North Korean Kaihua faction has been continuously developed.

At the end of the 19th century, the capitalist powers were in full swing and invading the world. The Qing Dynasty was swept and invaded by the great powers. The long-standing vassal relationship between China and North Korea was also affected. The Qing government's influence in Korea was gradually declining.

In order to consolidate the status of the sect leader, the Qing Dynasty adopted a policy of actively interfering in North Korea, which aroused dissatisfaction within North Korea. In addition, realizing the gap in national strength between China and Japan, more and more progressive people in North Korea began to think of "union between Japan and Japan".

After the Jiashen coup in in , in order to consolidate the position of the Qing Dynasty as the leader of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government stepped up its policy toward North Korea.

In November 1885, the Qing government appointed Yuan Shikai as Prime Minister in North Korea. Yuan Shikai once wrote to Li Hongzhang :

"I have investigated North Korea for hundreds of years for our vassal. I have no two hearts to pay tribute to Shuo. Since the opening and closing, the language has been complicated. If the king and his ministers gradually become arrogant, they will not like to hear the reputation of the country. The humble government is afraid that they have been ambiguity for a long time, and they will replace their names in the future. If they are not mistaken... China will stop Qi Related, he had to cry with loyal words. However, the speakers were earnest, and the listeners were despised. Sometimes, he was forced to obey the righteousness and thought that he would interfere in his politics and argue with each other. "

This shows that Yuan Shikai advocated that the Qing Dynasty strengthen "interference" in North Korea's internal affairs, and received strong support from Li Hongzhang, which enabled him to serve for three terms for nine years, strengthening control over North Korea's internal affairs and diplomacy.

Politically, the Qing government sent a signal to the Korean government that it was "sincere" to the Qing Dynasty through Yuan Shikai, in the name of a vassal.

Yuan Shikai proposed "Four Metaphors" and "Ten Current Affairs and Emergency ", warning Gaozong to fully comply with the Qing Dynasty and not to be biased towards Russia, and to support the Korean ministers who were in great affairs.

Economicly, the Qing government controlled North Korea's customs and shipping through Yuan Shikai, banned North Korea from lending from abroad, and provided administrative and judicial convenience for Qing Dynasty merchants to enter North Korea to do business, thereby suppressing Japanese trade in North Korea. In diplomacy, the Qing government used Yuan Shikai to pressure the North Korean government, recalled the North Korean ambassador to the United States to the United States and removed him from his official position on the grounds that he did not follow the vassal state etiquette of "three ends should be followed" and said that he would not follow the vassal state etiquette of "three ends".

The Qing government's comprehensive policy of interference with North Korea and Yuan Shikai's tough measures aroused dissatisfaction with the Qing Dynasty in North Korea and damaged China-North Korea relations.

Although the Qing government's move was to deal with Japan's wolf ambitions that threatened the mainland, the comprehensive interference in North Korea led by Li Hongzhang and Yuan Shikai made the situation in North Korea at that time more complicated.

When Russia confronted China and Japan in 1884 due to the North Korean Jiashen coup, it took the opportunity to enter the Korean Peninsula and win over North Korean government officials. has since begun to support pro-Russia forces.In order to curb Russia's southward expansion and alleviate Russia's pressure on the British colonies, Afghanistan and India, Britain sent troops to occupy Juwen Island, the South China Sea fortress on the Korean Peninsula in April 1885.

Japan, Britain, Russia and other great powers are rushing to support their respective forces in North Korea to compete for the rights and interests of North Korea. . Due to dissatisfaction with the Qing government's tough interference in North Korea's internal affairs, the pro-China faction among the two Korean ministers has been decreasing, and they have switched to pro-Russian factions or pro-Japanese factions. The voices of advocating "de-China" and "anti-China" in North Korea are becoming increasingly louder and louder.

North Korea's "United Japan to clear the Qing Dynasty" idea came into being

Among North Korean officials, the Kaihua faction led by Kim Yujun and Park Yong-hyuk advocated that through reforms, North Korea will move towards an independent and powerful country. However, it is contrary to the conservative political views in China that control the government, and the conservative has a strong supporter - the Qing government.

Therefore, in North Korea at that time, the Kaihua faction, who wanted to complete his vision through reform, regarded the Qing government as a roadblock that hindered North Korea's modernization. The conservative faction led by Queen Min's group has always been a close friend, but since the Renwu mutiny and the Jiashen coup, the Qing government's policy of comprehensive interference in North Korea has also shaken its internal situation.

On the one hand, the conservative faction needs the support of the Qing government to suppress domestic rebellion. On the other hand, the internal affairs and diplomacy are under the control of the Qing government, and therefore the voice of the Qing Dynasty gradually split.

In order to curb Russia's competition for rights and interests in North Korea, Japan proposed the "neutralization theory" of North Korea under the guarantee of China, Japan, Britain and Germany.

But in the eyes of the Qing government, if it agrees to North Korea's proposal for neutralization, it is equivalent to giving up the status of the Qing Dynasty as the leader. The Qing government therefore rejected this proposal.

Then the Qing government sent Yuan Shikai as Prime Minister in North Korea to strengthen control over North Korea's internal and diplomatic affairs. As a result, in the eyes of some people in North Korea, the Qing government hindered North Korea's chance to become an neutral country, and its resistance to the Qing Dynasty became increasingly greater.

As an Asian capitalist power rising after the Meiji Restoration , Japan has made North Korea's Kaihua Party confident that through reform, it will realize the modernization of North Korea. Representatives of the North Korean Kaihua faction, Jin Yujun, has visited Japan many times, and the Japanese government has also claimed to help North Korea achieve modernization and will strongly support North Korea.

At that time, Japanese foreign minister Inoue Kin said when meeting Kim Yujun:

"Now our country expands its military power, not just to consolidate its foundation for our country, but also pay attention to the independence of your country."

Japan began to support the pro-Japanese forces in North Korea by taking advantage of the propaganda of the North Korean Kaihua faction in North Korea. In 1884, the radical Kaihua faction led by Jin Yujun launched the Jiashen coup. Japan secretly promoted the fire by trying to directly transform North Korea into a modern country through the coup.

However, the North Korean ruling group asked for help from the Qing Dynasty, and the coup was finally suppressed by the Qing government, and Jin Yujun also went into exile in Japan because of this. Before and after the "Jashen Coup", North Korea's conflicts between the Kaihua faction and the major faction continued to intensify. Under the dual pressure of internal and external forces, King Gaozong was forced and cautiously tried to try to safeguard national sovereignty while avoiding annoyance of the Qing government and Japan.

The Kaihua faction in North Korea regards the Jiashen coup as a key opportunity to realize North Korea's modernization. thus targets the Qing government that suppresses the coup, and is more inclined to Japan in diplomatic direction.

It is not clear within the Joseon Dynasty that Japan's real intention to annex North Korea. In addition, Japanese Foreign Minister Inoue Kin said to the outside world that it supported North Korea's independence, which has made more and more officials in North Korea choose to stand on the side of the United Nations and Japan.

and At this time, some conservatives in North Korea were shaken by the Qing government's strengthening interference in North Korea, further giving Japan the opportunity to win over and support. As a result, the idea of ​​unionizing the Qing Dynasty to continuously develop in North Korea.

After the Treaty of Shimonoseki, North Korea's "United Japan and Clearing" was about to end

In 1894, the huge Sino-Japanese Peasant War broke out in North Korea, becoming the powder barrel of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War. On the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of , the Japanese army forcibly sent troops to capture the Korean Palace, controlled Gojong and Queen Min, and established a puppet government headed by Dayuanjun .

In the end, the Qing Dynasty was defeated and was forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan. Since then, the jail relations between China and North Korea have officially ended, and North Korea has become an independent country in name.

Qing Dynasty troops were forced to withdraw from the Korean Peninsula, and the political structure in East Asia also changed as a result. The Korean Peninsula was shrouded in Japan's control.

The signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki seriously damaged the international status of the Qing Dynasty. Japan defeated the Qing Dynasty, a traditional power, less than twenty years after the Meiji Restoration. The huge war benefits it gained attracted the attention of the capitalist powers.

Japan deliberately cut off the vassal relationship between North Korea and the Qing Dynasty. The purpose is not as Japanese Foreign Minister Inoue Kin said to Kim Yujun, in order to help North Korea achieve independence and independence, but to make Japan more convenient invasion of North Korea in the future.

Although North Korea, which lost the protection of the Qing government, has gained nominal "independence", it has not been able to avoid becoming the target of Japan-Russia competition. Both Japan and Russia attempt to control North Korea and turn it into their own power. Since March 1895, Russia has learned that two contents of the Sino-Japanese negotiations are related to Russia:

1. Japan wants China to unilaterally recognize North Korea's independence, but Japan does not assume this obligation. 2. China ceded Liaodong Peninsula . Although Japan's attempt to invade North Korea is obvious, Japan's previous commitment to North Korea has made Russia less vigilant about Japan.

Now Japan is treacherous and attempts to draft a treaty to refuse to recognize North Korea as an independent country. This behavior was unexpected by Russia.

During the Sino-Japanese negotiations, Russia's Siberian Railway was under construction. If Japan owns the Liaodong Peninsula, it will pose a threat to it, and Russia naturally cannot accept this situation. However, this action also completely exposed Japan's ambition to invade North Korea, and planned to make corresponding preparations based on signing the treaty in advance.

After the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, North Korea became an independent country in name, North Korea's whole country is looking forward to Japan's cashing out the blank check called "Recognizing North Korea's independence and sovereignty", but in the end it was discovered that this was just a delaying strategy for Japan to invade North Korea.

North Korea did not realize the ultimate goal of the Qing government's strengthening interference in North Korea. First, to protect its own border security, and second, to maintain the vassal relationship with North Korea.

Japan's policy toward North Korea starts from the "Strike to South Korea", cuts off the ties between China and North Korea, dominates North Korea, and eventually evolves into a mainland policy with the goal of dominating the world. Japanese diplomat Sada Shiramao's "On the Conquest of Korea" pointed out:

"The entire imperial country is a big city, such as the Hokkien, Luzon, Taiwan, Manchuria, and North Korea, they are all vassals of the imperial country." "Not only slaughtered North Korea in one fell swoop, trained our military preparations, and boosted the imperial power overseas."

Japan achieved the goal of a strong country to modernize the country after the Meiji Restoration. After that, it set active foreign expansion as the tone of the national policy. Invasion of North Korea became the key to Japan's northbound entry into the mainland, and At this time, North Korea was poor and weak, and lost the protection of the Qing Dynasty, the former suzerain kingdom.

Facing Japan, where the ambitions of wolf are well known to everyone, North Korea, both the Kaihua faction and the conservative faction, have to admit that it is an unrealistic fantasy to make North Korea independent through the diplomatic activities of "United Nations and Japan to clear the Qing Dynasty".

This also shows that the "United Nations and Japan Clearing-up" activity under the advocacy of the North Korean Kaihua faction is coming to an end.

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