" Swallow Fish Discussion " is selected from "Zuo Zhuan·The Twenty-second Year of Duke Xi", which fully records the process of " Hongshui Battle " between Song State and Chu State and the views of Swallow Fish on this war.
【 Question Solution 】
638 BC, "Spring and Autumn" is recorded as Duke Xi of Lu in the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Song , Duke Xiang of Song sent troops to attack Brain of Zheng , Zheng asked for help from Chu, so Chu sent troops to attack Song to save Zheng.
In November of winter, the army of Song and Chu fought in Hongshui. In terms of military strength, the situation at that time was that Chu was strong and Song was weak, but at the beginning of the war, the Song army occupied favorable terrain. Da Sima Ziyu suggested seizing the opportunity to fight, attack him unprepared, and take the initiative. However, Duke Xiang of Song insisted on the pedantic dogma of "not blocking" and "no listing without drumming", and refused to accept Ziyu's correct opinions, which resulted in delaying the opportunity to fight, eventually leading to failure, and himself was injured and died.
Ziyu : Zi's surname, name Yi, and name Ziyu. His birth and death year are unknown. Because he served as Sima of the Song State, he was also known as Sima Ziyu. He was a royal family member and minister of the Song State in the Spring and Autumn Period and was the ancestor of the Yu family. Muyi is the eldest son of Duke Huan of Song , and the half-brother of Duke Xiang of Song. After Duke Xiang of Song ascended the throne, Muyi served as the left commander and handled major affairs in the court, and the State of Song thus stabilized peace.
In 639 BC, Duke Xiang of Song did not listen to Muyi's advice and convened a meeting of princes as a small country. As a result, he was captured by Chu and was later released and returned to the country. In 638 BC, a battle of Hongshui broke out between Song and Chu. Because Duke Xiang of Song did not adopt Muyi's suggestion, he missed the opportunity to fight, which eventually led to a disastrous defeat in this battle. After that, about Meyi seems to have disappeared from history.
It should be noted that the famous scholar Hua Xin in the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, his word "Zi Yu", so the "Zi Yu" in history usually refers to Hua Xin. It should be different from the "ziyu" in this article.
Learning this ancient text, we should compare it with " Cao Gui's Discussion " to understand the difference in this "discussion".
[Original text]
Chu people attacked Song to save Zheng. Duke Song is about to fight. Grand Sima Gu advised, "Heaven abandoned Shang for a long time, and the king is about to promote it, but he can't forgive him." He did not listen.
Song Gong and Chu people fought against Yu Hong. The Song people formed a rank, but the Chu people did not support them. Sima said, "I have few people, and I have not yet saved me, so please attack him." The Duke said, "No." After the rescue but the order was not formed, he told me again. The Duke said, "It's not possible." After Chen, he attacked him, and the Song army was defeated. The public injured his trunk, and the door officials exterminated him.
All the people in China blame the emperor. The Duke said, "A gentleman is not serious and does not hurt him, and he does not bird two-haired birds. In ancient times, he did not block the enemy. Even if I lost my country, I would not be able to form a line." Ziyu said, "You don't know how to fight. The enemy is narrow but not listed, and the heaven praises me. Isn't it okay to block and drum him? Isn't it okay to be afraid of him! Moreover, the current enemy is all my enemy. Even if I get it, I will take it if I get it. Why do I get it from Ermao? I am ashamed to teach war and seek to kill the enemy. If I have not died, how can I not be serious? If you love seriously, do not hurt; if you love two hairs, you are as if you accept it. The three armies use it to use it, Jingu uses sound and spirit. If you use it and use it, you can block it; if you have a strong voice, you can be a stern person. If you have a strong voice, you can be a stern person. "
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[Note]
Song Duke: refers to Duke Xiang of Song, named this father, Duke Huan of Song, and the 20th monarch of Song. One of the Five Hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Da Sima Gu :Da Sima, official positions in charge of military affairs and military taxes. Gu, here refers to Gongsun Gu, , the surname of Zi, and the name of Gu, also known as Grand Sima Gu, is the grandson of Duke Zhuang of Song , the cousin of Duke Xiang of Song, and the Grand Sima of Song State. Later, he was killed by the Imperial brother of Song Chenggong .
day abandoned Shang for a long time: The reason why Gongsun Gu said this is because the State of Song was built by Weizi Qi , so the State of Song had a special status in Zhou Dynasty and was respected as one of the "Three Kinds" by Zhou Emperor ."San Ke" refers to the post-Yu, Xia and Shang dynasties enthroned by the Zhou Dynasty. They were respectively enthroned by the Zhou emperors to Chen, Qi and Song. Ke, express respect.
Hong: Hongshui, the name of the river, is located in the west of Cheng County, Zhejiang Province today.
"fait column" and "weijiji": yes, means that it has already. is not established, means it is not complete yet. Ji , cross (Hongshui).
Sima : The senior commander in command of the army, this refers to the mediocre Yi and the name is Ziyu.
report: report.
Chen: is used to "formation", here is a verb, that is, to set up the formation.
defeat : big defeat.
strand : thighs.
Gate Official: The Guardian of the King.
blam: blaming, blame, accusing.
is not heavy (chóng) injured, not bird two-hair: heavy, again. 华 , the meaning of "capture", is to capture. Ermao : refers to people with gray hair, generally referring to older people.
does not block: blocks, and is forced. Pass, dangerous place. Don't attack when the other party is in danger.
After the country is destroyed : refers to the descendants of the country who is destroyed. Duke Xiang of Song was a descendant of Zhou Zhou, and Shang died in Zhou, so Song said so.
No drums are not in a row: Drum: Beat the drum, and the noun is used as a verb. Here we are fingering and beating the drum to advance. is not in a row, refers to an army that does not have a good formation (an army).
Enemy : Strong enemy, strong enemy.南: Strong and powerful.
is narrow and not listed, and God praises me too: (enemy) has not formed a formation due to the dangerous terrain. This is God's helping us. 日: Here is a verb, it is in a dangerous place. does not list , and does not set up a formation. Like : Help.
and husky : Even if you meet a very old person. although , even. Husky : Old people.
Why is it Yu Ermao : It means that you still care about the gray-haired enemy?
Clear shame and sage war: Clear shame and sage , let us know what shame is. teaches war , teaches combat skills. Let soldiers know what shame is, and be more brave to move forward and kill the enemy to win when fighting.
Love hurts : Pity the injured enemy. love, has the meaning of being unable to bear it.
server: here points to the enemy to surrender.
Three Armies : During the Spring and Autumn Period, the vassal states had three armies, upper, middle and lower armies, which generally refers to the army. is used with : application, which refers to combat here.
Golden drums are sound : In ancient times, beating drums was used to advance, and beating gold was used to withdraw troops. gold , metal speaker. sound , cheer up morale.
号: Chaotic, untidy, this refers to an army that cannot form a formation.
[Translation]
Chu army attacked Song State to rescue Zheng State. Duke Xiang of Song was about to fight, and Grand Sima Gongsun Gu dissuaded, "God has abandoned Shang Dynasty for a long time. The king wants to revitalize it. No, you will not be forgiven if you do this." Duke Xiang did not listen.
Duke Xiang of Song and the Chu people fought in Hongshui. The Song army was already in battle, and the Chu people did not all cross the Hongshui River. Ziyu said, "The other side has many people, but we have few people. Please attack them while they have not crossed Hongshui." Duke Xiang of Song said, "No." The Chu army crossed the river, but the formation has not yet been arranged. (Ziyu) reported again (Duke Xiang of Song). Duke Xiang of Song said, "It's not OK." (Chu Army) set up a formation (Song Army) before attacking the Chu Army. The Song army was defeated, Duke Xiang of Song was injured in his thigh, and the king's guard was killed.
All the people blamed Duke Xiang of Song. Duke Xiang said: "A gentleman no longer hurts those who have been injured, nor does he capture the gray-haired old man. The ancient principle of using troops was to block the enemy by relying on the dangerous terrain. Although I am a descendant of the country's devastated people, I (also) will not attack enemies without formation." Ziyu said: "The lord does not know how to fight. When facing powerful enemies, (the enemy) does not form a formation due to the dangerous terrain. This is God helping us; isn't it okay to block and attack them? What else are you afraid of? And the powerful people are our enemies now.Even if an old man is captured, he will catch him back. What kind of bleak enemy does he care about? Teach soldiers to fight so that they know that retreating is shame to inspire the courage to fight, and teach soldiers how to master the fighting method to kill the enemy. (Enemy) was injured but not dead yet, why can't we kill them again? If you pity (they, don’t want to) hurt the injured enemies again, it is better not to hurt them from the beginning; if you pity your gray-haired enemies, it is better to surrender (to the enemy). The army acts with favorable opportunities, and Gongs and drums is used to inspire the soldiers' courage. Take advantage of the favorable opportunity and when (the enemy) encounters obstacles, (we) can attack. The sound is full of grandeur, which enhances the soldiers' fighting will and can attack unranked enemies. "
[ parsing ]
In 638 BC, in order to compete for the hegemony of the Central Plains, the two countries of Song and Chu fought against the Hongshui border. In the case of strong and weak enemy, the Song State could have taken advantage of the favorable terrain and opportunity, and although they may not be able to win a complete victory, they will not be defeated miserably. All this is due to the pedantic dogma of Duke Xiang of Song defending "not seriously injured", "not hurt Ermao", "not in the column" , and refused to accept the correct opinions of Ziyu, and suffered a tragic failure.
Ziyu reprimanded Song Xiang without mercilessly Duke's pedantic and hypocriticality, he advocated seizing the fighter's opportunity, attacking him unprepared, taking the initiative, and completely eliminating the enemy's vitality, so as to win the victory of the war.
As the saying goes, kindness to the enemy is cruelty to himself, and the fighter's opportunity is fleeting. Unless you have the confidence to win, this kind of "mercy" will eventually harm himself.
As a result, Duke Xiang of Song was shot in the thigh in this war, and his injury worsened in the summer of the following year (637 BC).
Chairman Mao Zedong's evaluation of him was to the point, calling him " "benevolence, righteousness and morality like a stupid pig" .
After Duke Xiang of Song died, the Song State soon fell into civil strife, and its hegemony gradually declined.
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