Shang Yang’s reform or Hufu and cavalry which one is more powerful? Conclusion can be drawn from the development of Qin and Zhao . The purpose of Shang Yang's reform was to enrich the country and strengthen the army, while Hufu and cavalry were a military reform, but it was only a strong army but could not directly enrich the country. From the perspective of reform alone, Hufu and cavalry were already weaker than Shang Yang's reform.
Qin Xiaogong Reuse Shang Yang . The purpose of carrying out reform and reform is to restore the hegemony of Qin, not only to have strong troops, but also to have a prosperous country. King Wuling of Zhao carries out Hu clothing and archery because Zhao State often suffers defeats. Even small countries like Zhongshan State dare to invade Zhao State frequently. At the same time, nomads in the north are good at riding horses and shooting archery, and often invade the northern border of Zhao State with cavalry.
Facing the fast speed, strong mobility, strong assault ability and cavalry troops, the princes of the Central Plains used their chariots to cooperate with infantry to fight. When the Zhao army reacted and went to support, the cavalry of the northern nomadic people had already robbed. King Wuling of Zhao believed that only such an army could gallop on the battlefield and was unstoppable, so he wanted to build a fast mobile force that came like a bird and went like a string.
So King Wuling of Zhao decided to take advantage of the strengths of the Hu people to make up for the shortcomings of the Central Plains, put forward the proposal of "wearing Hu clothes" and "practice of riding and shooting", and began to implement the military reform of "Hu clothes, riding and shooting", and to this end, an army with cavalry as the main body was established. Shang Yang's reforms not only included military affairs, but also involved in politics, economy, thoughts, laws, systems, customs, etc. Therefore, Shang Yang's reforms were a more thorough reform movement.
After the reform and reform of the Qin State, its economy developed and its military combat effectiveness continued to strengthen. At the same time, it concentrated the political, economic and military powers of the country together. The advantage is that government orders are unified, orders are easy to implement, and easy to command, and rulers can concentrate resources to carry out strategic work. Since then, Qin has become stronger and eventually developed into the richest and most centralized country in the late Warring States period of .
Take the economy as a matter of the same way. As the saying goes, "A cannon fires, ten thousand taels of gold." War is equivalent to burning money. If the country is not rich, it will not be able to support the increasingly large-scale and more lasting war. Only a strong national strength can support the ever-expanding war in the Warring States Period. The economy has a pillar position in the comprehensive national strength. It was through Shang Yang's "farming and war strategy" in the reform that Qin State finally achieved the ambition to unify the world.
In contrast, Zhao State's Hu clothing and cavalry, although Zhao State has experienced this military reform and established a cavalry unit with strong combat power, if the food and grass logistics cannot keep up, no matter how strong the army is, it will be like a tiger with teeth drawn and cannot exert its due strength. For example, in , the Battle of Changping, , if Zhao State's national strength is strong enough, the persistence strategy adopted by , Lianpo, will sooner or later drag down the Qin army that has been fighting for a long distance.
However, in the stalemate stage before the Battle of Changping, Zhao's national strength gradually became weak, so he borrowed grain from Qi , but was rejected by Qi Wang Jian . Due to the lack of national strength, Zhao Xiaocheng, King wanted to end the war as soon as possible. For this reason, Zhao Kuo, , changed to defense and offense, and took the initiative to attack. As a result, more than 400,000 troops buried their bones and cleared the battlefield. Zhao State was greatly injured and could no longer have the ability to fight the Qin State alone.
The Qin State was able to unify the six countries in the end not only because of the strong combat power of the Qin army, but also because of the strong national strength of the Qin State. Only the strong national strength can support the Qin State to carry out continuous annexation wars. King Zhaoxiang of Qin reigned for fifty-six years, and most of them were engaged in annexation wars, eroding the land of various countries. For this reason, he made outstanding achievements in military affairs, and even compared with the King of Qin who unified the six countries, he was not inferior to the King of Qin's politics.
The reason why Qin State was able to develop into a powerful country in the late Warring States Period was because of Shang Yang's reforms that began to be implemented in the period of Qin Xiaogong and the wise Qin monarchs of all dynasties. Since King Wuling of Zhao implemented the military reform of Hu clothing and cavalry, although the combat power of Zhao's border cavalry is not inferior to that of Qin Ruis, Zhao's comprehensive national strength is not as good as that of Qin. In addition, the monarch is not very wise, so he was eventually defeated by Qin.
Shang Yang’s reform or Hufu and cavalry which one is more powerful? Conclusion can be drawn from the development of Qin and Zhao . The purpose of Shang Yang's reform was to enrich the country and strengthen the army, while Hufu and cavalry were a military reform, but it was only a strong army but could not directly enrich the country. From the perspective of reform alone, Hufu and cavalry were already weaker than Shang Yang's reform.
Qin Xiaogong Reuse Shang Yang . The purpose of carrying out reform and reform is to restore the hegemony of Qin, not only to have strong troops, but also to have a prosperous country. King Wuling of Zhao carries out Hu clothing and archery because Zhao State often suffers defeats. Even small countries like Zhongshan State dare to invade Zhao State frequently. At the same time, nomads in the north are good at riding horses and shooting archery, and often invade the northern border of Zhao State with cavalry.
Facing the fast speed, strong mobility, strong assault ability and cavalry troops, the princes of the Central Plains used their chariots to cooperate with infantry to fight. When the Zhao army reacted and went to support, the cavalry of the northern nomadic people had already robbed. King Wuling of Zhao believed that only such an army could gallop on the battlefield and was unstoppable, so he wanted to build a fast mobile force that came like a bird and went like a string.
So King Wuling of Zhao decided to take advantage of the strengths of the Hu people to make up for the shortcomings of the Central Plains, put forward the proposal of "wearing Hu clothes" and "practice of riding and shooting", and began to implement the military reform of "Hu clothes, riding and shooting", and to this end, an army with cavalry as the main body was established. Shang Yang's reforms not only included military affairs, but also involved in politics, economy, thoughts, laws, systems, customs, etc. Therefore, Shang Yang's reforms were a more thorough reform movement.
After the reform and reform of the Qin State, its economy developed and its military combat effectiveness continued to strengthen. At the same time, it concentrated the political, economic and military powers of the country together. The advantage is that government orders are unified, orders are easy to implement, and easy to command, and rulers can concentrate resources to carry out strategic work. Since then, Qin has become stronger and eventually developed into the richest and most centralized country in the late Warring States period of .
Take the economy as a matter of the same way. As the saying goes, "A cannon fires, ten thousand taels of gold." War is equivalent to burning money. If the country is not rich, it will not be able to support the increasingly large-scale and more lasting war. Only a strong national strength can support the ever-expanding war in the Warring States Period. The economy has a pillar position in the comprehensive national strength. It was through Shang Yang's "farming and war strategy" in the reform that Qin State finally achieved the ambition to unify the world.
In contrast, Zhao State's Hu clothing and cavalry, although Zhao State has experienced this military reform and established a cavalry unit with strong combat power, if the food and grass logistics cannot keep up, no matter how strong the army is, it will be like a tiger with teeth drawn and cannot exert its due strength. For example, in , the Battle of Changping, , if Zhao State's national strength is strong enough, the persistence strategy adopted by , Lianpo, will sooner or later drag down the Qin army that has been fighting for a long distance.
However, in the stalemate stage before the Battle of Changping, Zhao's national strength gradually became weak, so he borrowed grain from Qi , but was rejected by Qi Wang Jian . Due to the lack of national strength, Zhao Xiaocheng, King wanted to end the war as soon as possible. For this reason, Zhao Kuo, , changed to defense and offense, and took the initiative to attack. As a result, more than 400,000 troops buried their bones and cleared the battlefield. Zhao State was greatly injured and could no longer have the ability to fight the Qin State alone.
The Qin State was able to unify the six countries in the end not only because of the strong combat power of the Qin army, but also because of the strong national strength of the Qin State. Only the strong national strength can support the Qin State to carry out continuous annexation wars. King Zhaoxiang of Qin reigned for fifty-six years, and most of them were engaged in annexation wars, eroding the land of various countries. For this reason, he made outstanding achievements in military affairs, and even compared with the King of Qin who unified the six countries, he was not inferior to the King of Qin's politics.
The reason why Qin State was able to develop into a powerful country in the late Warring States Period was because of Shang Yang's reforms that began to be implemented in the period of Qin Xiaogong and the wise Qin monarchs of all dynasties. Since King Wuling of Zhao implemented the military reform of Hu clothing and cavalry, although the combat power of Zhao's border cavalry is not inferior to that of Qin Ruis, Zhao's comprehensive national strength is not as good as that of Qin. In addition, the monarch is not very wise, so he was eventually defeated by Qin.
War not only fought for military affairs, but also lies in the national strength of both sides. Hu clothing, cavalry and shooting belongs to military reforms and did not directly enhance the national strength of Zhao. Shang Yang's reforms not only enhanced the combat effectiveness of the Qin army, but also promoted the economic development of Qin. It is a comprehensive reform reform. Qin, which enriched the country and strengthened the army, therefore looked proud of the West and gradually developed into the richest country of the vassal states, thus unifying China for the first time and entering the era of empire.
King Wuling of Zhao Hufu riding and shooting
Why did King Wuling of Zhao implement the military reform of Hufu riding and shooting? If you look at the geographical location of Zhao State and its situation at that time, you will understand.
- Geographical location of Zhao State
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Our country has the water of rivers and Boluo in the east, which is the same as Qi and Zhongshan. There is the land of Yan and Donghu in the east, and there is the edge of Loufan, Qin and Han in the west. There is no preparation for riding and shooting now. Therefore, I have no use of boats and oars. How can the people living in the water guard the water of rivers and Boluo? Change to riding and shooting to prepare for the borders of Yan, Sanhu, Qin and Han. Without the rescue of strong soldiers, it is the destruction of the country."
There are Yellow River and Zhang River in the east, which are shared with Qi and Zhongshan. They are divided into east and west of the Yellow River, but no ships are available. The north borders Yan State and Donghu to the east, and to the west is the border between Loufan, Qin State and South Korea . Without strong troops to rescue, the people of Zhao who live in the border areas alone will not be able to defend Zhao. Once the neighboring Yan, Qin, South Korea and northern nomadic peoples attack, Zhao will be unable to resist and cannot quickly rescue. If this continues, Zhao will perish.
Therefore, only by establishing a fast mobile force in Zhao State can we guard against the nomadic peoples in the north and the neighboring princes.
- Zhao State was in a situation at that time
Before King Wuling of Zhao implemented Hu clothing and cavalry, Qin State had already completed Shang Yang's reforms, and the reign of Qin Zhaoxiang was King Zhaoxiang of Qin at that time. During his nine years of reign, Zhao State and Han and Wei formed a coalition of three Jin forces to attack Qin State, but suffered a great defeat and were beheaded by the Qin army. In the same year, the Zhao army was defeated by the Qi army in Guanze. The following year, the Qin State sent troops to attack Zhao State, but the Zhao army was not an opponent of the Qin Army, and was captured Zhongdu and Xiyang. A few years later, the Qin army captured Lindi of Zhao State and captured General Zhao Zhuang.
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "In the ninth year of King Wuling, he fought with Han and Wei to attack Qin. Qin defeated me and beheaded 80,000. Qi defeated me Guanze. Ten years, Qin took my Zhongdu and Xiyang. In the thirteenth year, Qin defeated me Lin and captured general Zhaozhuang." "In the first time, Zhongshan carried the strong troops of Qi, invaded and brutally brute, and damaged our people. The previous kings were ugly, but their grievances could not be repaid. Now, the preparation of riding and shooting can be used as a Shangdang, and the resentment of Zhongshan can be repaid from far away."
The nomadic people in the north originally made a living by nomadic life. They were good at riding horses and shooting archery since childhood, and they often sent cavalry to invade and plunder the border cities of Zhao State. Moreover, even small countries like Zhongshan dare to occupy the land that trampled on Zhao and plunder the people of Zhao. It can be seen that at this time, the State of Zhao was almost at the mercy of others. King Wuling of Zhao was willing to take revenge, but was powerless. Under such circumstances, the State of Zhao urgently needed a powerful force to change the status quo.
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "The king said: "Even if I drive away the world and laugh at me, I will have it in Zhongshan, Hu. "So Hu was subdued."
King Zhao Wuling saw the military uniforms of the Hu people, which were very convenient in daily life and wars, and the cavalry and bows and arrows used by nomadic people in war were also more flexible and mobile than the chariots and infantry in the Central Plains, and were very fast. King Wuling of Zhao believed that only such troops could gallop on the battlefield and be unstoppable. In addition, he was eager to take revenge, so he made up his mind to implement the military reform of Hufu and cavalry.
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "King Wuling of Zhao also changed into a vulgar Hu clothing, practiced riding and shooting, and defeated Lin Hu, floors and . And set up Yunzhong, Yanmen, Dianjun ."
After Zhao State implemented the Hu clothing cavalry reform, it established an army with cavalry as the main body, and soon showed the power of this army. Just the year after the reform was implemented, Zhao launched an attack on Zhongshan, which had invaded Zhao for a long time, and then attacked many times, eventually destroying Zhongshan.And we went north to break through Linhu and Loufan, and set up Yunzhong County , Yanmen County and Dai County.
It can be said that after the "Hu Clothing and Casting" reform, Zhao State was the strongest country except Qin State at that time.
Note that it is the strongest country except Qin. Why is Zhao not as strong as Qin? There are two main reasons: First, the Hu clothing and cavalry reform is single, focusing only on military aspects. Second, the Qin State has been reformed for a long time. Although Zhao State has also undergone reforms, it has lagged behind Qin State for many years, and the Hu clothing and cavalry cannot directly enhance Zhao State's national strength.
Qin Xiaogong reused Shang Yang's reform and reform
Shang Yang heard the "Order of Seeking Talents" issued by Qin Xiaogong and entered Qin, thus carrying out reform and reform in Qin. The purpose of Qin Xiaogong's is to allow ministers to offer strategies to enrich the country and strengthen the army. So why did Qin Xiaogong want to enrich the country and strengthen the army? Because Qin State is located in the remote northwest, it did not participate in the alliance of the princes of the Central Plains, and was regarded as a barbarian by the princes of the Central Plains.
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Qin Liang was in Yongzhou , and did not meet or ally with the Chinese princes. Yi and Zhai met him. Li, Ai, Jian Gong, and the uneasy of the son. The country and the family were worried, and there was no need for foreign affairs. Three Jin attacked and seized my ancestor Hexi land. The princes were inferior to Qin and ugly."
Although Qin Mu Gong was one of the five hegemons in the spring and autumn , he once dominated Xirong , but because of the political uneasiness of Qin Ligong , Qin Jiegong , Qin Jiangong , Qin Chuzi , Qin Chuzi , which led to internal troubles within the country and no time to take into account external affairs. The San Jin took the opportunity to capture Qin's Hexi area. In the battle of Yin Jin, the 500,000 Qin's army was unable to resist Wei 50,000 Wei Wushang, and was eventually penetrated and fled, resulting in "the princes were inferior to Qin". The Qin State was deeply ashamed of this.
The former The overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period has become an old and weak country in the northwest corner. Not only was the Hexi region taken away by the Wei State, but other princes of the Central Plains began to despise Qin State. It can be said that there is no greater shame than this. Whenever Qin Xiaogong remembered his father's last wish to recover lost land, he felt heartbroken. For this reason, he promulgated the famous "Application for Talents" in history. He did not hesitate to place territory and granted high officials generous salaries, and also so as to seek strategies to enrich the country and strengthen the army to restore the hegemony of his ancestor Qin Mugong.
Later, Wei people Gongsun Yang entered Qin and impressed Qin Xiaogong with the strategy of enriching the country and strengthening the army. Under Shang Yang's persuasion, Qin Xiaogong made up his mind to carry out reforms in the country.
- Comprehensive Reform Plan " Grass Reclamation "
Stimulate agricultural production
In order to increase the number of farmers, people from all walks of life across the country are engaged in agriculture; it also prohibits farmers from purchasing grain, and implements a policy of ignoring the people, forcing farmers to concentrate on farming; pursuing the administration of officials, cutting subordinate personnel, and reducing officials to disturb farmers.
Suppress business development
Take business as the last business, merchants are not allowed to sell grain, and the sales tax on goods is increased. Merchants must provide weapons and armor to the army and other measures.
Implement a unified tax rental system
uniformly collects land rent according to the amount of grain earned by farmers, and at the same time increase taxes for aristocrats and merchants.
In addition, it also suppresses the development of handicrafts, entertainment and cultural undertakings, and improves the social awareness of agriculture. The main purpose of "Cultivation of Grass Order" is to improve agricultural production and thus make Qin rich.
- The first Shang Yang reform
Add Continuous position method , and use severe punishment for misdemeanor
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Why should the people be ordered to be in the army, and the ministers' office are in the joint position. Those who do not sue the evildoers are beheaded in half, those who sue the evildoers are rewarded with the beheaded enemy heads, and those who hide the evildoers are punished with the surrender of the enemy."
Shang Yang ordered the ten households to be organized into one tier, five households are organized into one tier, and each other should be monitored and reported. If no evildoers are reported, ten families will be punished together. Report and kill the enemy together, and those who hide evil people are punished for surrender.
Abolished the old system of the clan and the family title system and issued military merits and title system
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Those who have military merits will each receive the highest title; those who are private fighters will each be punished for the severity of the severity of the clan and the clan will not be a member of the clan without military merit. The clan members will not be a member of the clan. The ranks of the ranks of the ranks of the high and low titles will be named after the land and houses, and the clothes of the concubines will be given as family. Those who have merits will be honored, and those who have no merits will be rich and have no beauty."
Abolished the system of the clan and the clan and the successor of the father and son. Even if they are a royal family, if they have no military merits, they cannot be included in the family list. They have outstanding military functions and honors. Even if they have no military merits, they cannot be honored. The title level is clear according to the military merits, and they occupy corresponding land, real estate, and servants.
The purpose of this is to stimulate the people to go into battle to kill the enemy. The military merit system in Shang Yang's reform is enough to compete with the Hu clothing and cavalry of Zhao.
dedicated to agricultural production
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Those who cultivate and weave will get more grain and silk will be restored. Those who are profitable and lazy and poor will be regarded as a reward."
The people can get a bumper harvest of grain and increase production of cloth , and they can exempt themselves from labor or taxes. Those who work in business and business are poor because of laziness, take all their wives into official slaves.
The first Shang Yang reform expanded the Qin State’s tax and military service sources, truly achieving a prosperous country and a strong army.
- The Second Shang Yang Reform
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "As the construction of the Jique palace in Xianyang , Qin moved the capital from Yong. And those who ordered the people, father, son and brother to rest in the same room were prohibited. The small towns gathered into counties, and the rulings and chiefs were established, and all thirty-one counties were established. The fields were opened for bans, and the tax was paid flat. The balance was weighed. "
The main contents of the second reform were: abolishing the well-field system, implementing the private ownership of land; forcing separation, implementing the small family policy; implementing the county system, strengthening centralization; moving the capital to Xianyang; and unifying the weight and measure system. The main purpose of this reform is to strengthen centralization, increase production and taxation, and further make Qin prosperous and strong on the basis of the first reform.
After the comprehensive and thorough Shang Yang reforms, the old system was abolished, the economy developed, the military's combat effectiveness continued to strengthen, and the country was enriched and the army was strengthened. It gradually became the strongest country among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, laying a solid foundation for the Qin State to unify the world later.
Conclusion:
Zhao State's Hu State's riding and shooting compared to Shang Yang's reforms in Qin State, it can be said that the two are not at the same level at all. Shang Yang's reform was a comprehensive and thorough reform, while Hufu and cavalry were only a military reform. Shang Yang's military merit system was comparable to Hufu and cavalry, even more than that. Later, the development of Qin and Zhao also made a comparison for Hu clothing, cavalry and shooting and Shang Yang's reforms. After the battle between Changping and Handan , Zhao's strength declined rapidly and was no longer able to compete with Qin to dominate the world.
text/History Zimoge
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And we went north to break through Linhu and Loufan, and set up Yunzhong County , Yanmen County and Dai County.It can be said that after the "Hu Clothing and Casting" reform, Zhao State was the strongest country except Qin State at that time.
Note that it is the strongest country except Qin. Why is Zhao not as strong as Qin? There are two main reasons: First, the Hu clothing and cavalry reform is single, focusing only on military aspects. Second, the Qin State has been reformed for a long time. Although Zhao State has also undergone reforms, it has lagged behind Qin State for many years, and the Hu clothing and cavalry cannot directly enhance Zhao State's national strength.
Qin Xiaogong reused Shang Yang's reform and reform
Shang Yang heard the "Order of Seeking Talents" issued by Qin Xiaogong and entered Qin, thus carrying out reform and reform in Qin. The purpose of Qin Xiaogong's is to allow ministers to offer strategies to enrich the country and strengthen the army. So why did Qin Xiaogong want to enrich the country and strengthen the army? Because Qin State is located in the remote northwest, it did not participate in the alliance of the princes of the Central Plains, and was regarded as a barbarian by the princes of the Central Plains.
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Qin Liang was in Yongzhou , and did not meet or ally with the Chinese princes. Yi and Zhai met him. Li, Ai, Jian Gong, and the uneasy of the son. The country and the family were worried, and there was no need for foreign affairs. Three Jin attacked and seized my ancestor Hexi land. The princes were inferior to Qin and ugly."
Although Qin Mu Gong was one of the five hegemons in the spring and autumn , he once dominated Xirong , but because of the political uneasiness of Qin Ligong , Qin Jiegong , Qin Jiangong , Qin Chuzi , Qin Chuzi , which led to internal troubles within the country and no time to take into account external affairs. The San Jin took the opportunity to capture Qin's Hexi area. In the battle of Yin Jin, the 500,000 Qin's army was unable to resist Wei 50,000 Wei Wushang, and was eventually penetrated and fled, resulting in "the princes were inferior to Qin". The Qin State was deeply ashamed of this.
The former The overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period has become an old and weak country in the northwest corner. Not only was the Hexi region taken away by the Wei State, but other princes of the Central Plains began to despise Qin State. It can be said that there is no greater shame than this. Whenever Qin Xiaogong remembered his father's last wish to recover lost land, he felt heartbroken. For this reason, he promulgated the famous "Application for Talents" in history. He did not hesitate to place territory and granted high officials generous salaries, and also so as to seek strategies to enrich the country and strengthen the army to restore the hegemony of his ancestor Qin Mugong.
Later, Wei people Gongsun Yang entered Qin and impressed Qin Xiaogong with the strategy of enriching the country and strengthening the army. Under Shang Yang's persuasion, Qin Xiaogong made up his mind to carry out reforms in the country.
- Comprehensive Reform Plan " Grass Reclamation "
Stimulate agricultural production
In order to increase the number of farmers, people from all walks of life across the country are engaged in agriculture; it also prohibits farmers from purchasing grain, and implements a policy of ignoring the people, forcing farmers to concentrate on farming; pursuing the administration of officials, cutting subordinate personnel, and reducing officials to disturb farmers.
Suppress business development
Take business as the last business, merchants are not allowed to sell grain, and the sales tax on goods is increased. Merchants must provide weapons and armor to the army and other measures.
Implement a unified tax rental system
uniformly collects land rent according to the amount of grain earned by farmers, and at the same time increase taxes for aristocrats and merchants.
In addition, it also suppresses the development of handicrafts, entertainment and cultural undertakings, and improves the social awareness of agriculture. The main purpose of "Cultivation of Grass Order" is to improve agricultural production and thus make Qin rich.
- The first Shang Yang reform
Add Continuous position method , and use severe punishment for misdemeanor
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Why should the people be ordered to be in the army, and the ministers' office are in the joint position. Those who do not sue the evildoers are beheaded in half, those who sue the evildoers are rewarded with the beheaded enemy heads, and those who hide the evildoers are punished with the surrender of the enemy."
Shang Yang ordered the ten households to be organized into one tier, five households are organized into one tier, and each other should be monitored and reported. If no evildoers are reported, ten families will be punished together. Report and kill the enemy together, and those who hide evil people are punished for surrender.
Abolished the old system of the clan and the family title system and issued military merits and title system
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Those who have military merits will each receive the highest title; those who are private fighters will each be punished for the severity of the severity of the clan and the clan will not be a member of the clan without military merit. The clan members will not be a member of the clan. The ranks of the ranks of the ranks of the high and low titles will be named after the land and houses, and the clothes of the concubines will be given as family. Those who have merits will be honored, and those who have no merits will be rich and have no beauty."
Abolished the system of the clan and the clan and the successor of the father and son. Even if they are a royal family, if they have no military merits, they cannot be included in the family list. They have outstanding military functions and honors. Even if they have no military merits, they cannot be honored. The title level is clear according to the military merits, and they occupy corresponding land, real estate, and servants.
The purpose of this is to stimulate the people to go into battle to kill the enemy. The military merit system in Shang Yang's reform is enough to compete with the Hu clothing and cavalry of Zhao.
dedicated to agricultural production
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Those who cultivate and weave will get more grain and silk will be restored. Those who are profitable and lazy and poor will be regarded as a reward."
The people can get a bumper harvest of grain and increase production of cloth , and they can exempt themselves from labor or taxes. Those who work in business and business are poor because of laziness, take all their wives into official slaves.
The first Shang Yang reform expanded the Qin State’s tax and military service sources, truly achieving a prosperous country and a strong army.
- The Second Shang Yang Reform
"Records of the Grand Historian" records: "As the construction of the Jique palace in Xianyang , Qin moved the capital from Yong. And those who ordered the people, father, son and brother to rest in the same room were prohibited. The small towns gathered into counties, and the rulings and chiefs were established, and all thirty-one counties were established. The fields were opened for bans, and the tax was paid flat. The balance was weighed. "
The main contents of the second reform were: abolishing the well-field system, implementing the private ownership of land; forcing separation, implementing the small family policy; implementing the county system, strengthening centralization; moving the capital to Xianyang; and unifying the weight and measure system. The main purpose of this reform is to strengthen centralization, increase production and taxation, and further make Qin prosperous and strong on the basis of the first reform.
After the comprehensive and thorough Shang Yang reforms, the old system was abolished, the economy developed, the military's combat effectiveness continued to strengthen, and the country was enriched and the army was strengthened. It gradually became the strongest country among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, laying a solid foundation for the Qin State to unify the world later.
Conclusion:
Zhao State's Hu State's riding and shooting compared to Shang Yang's reforms in Qin State, it can be said that the two are not at the same level at all. Shang Yang's reform was a comprehensive and thorough reform, while Hufu and cavalry were only a military reform. Shang Yang's military merit system was comparable to Hufu and cavalry, even more than that. Later, the development of Qin and Zhao also made a comparison for Hu clothing, cavalry and shooting and Shang Yang's reforms. After the battle between Changping and Handan , Zhao's strength declined rapidly and was no longer able to compete with Qin to dominate the world.
text/History Zimoge
Reminisce more history, and the next issue is more exciting.
welcomes everyone's attention and likes, thank you for your support.
This article is original, the pictures in the article are from the Internet, please delete if infringement.
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