The "State Council" at the beginning of the founding of New China is the predecessor of the current State Council. But the State Council is the Central People's Government and the highest state administrative organ. At that time, the "Government Council" was just one of the most important components of the Central People's Government.
In September 1949, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference performed the functions of the People's Congress and formulated the "Organization Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China". During the recess of the National Political Consultative Conference, the Central People's Government Committee temporarily imposes the highest national power and governs the highest legislative, administrative, judicial and military powers of the New China. The "Government Council" is the highest executive body of state government affairs under the central government .
(Scene of the first meeting of the Central People's Government )
In September 1954, the First National People's Congress was held and the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" and the " State Council Organization Law of the State Council " were reviewed and passed. According to the Constitution, the National People's Congress is the highest authority of the state, and the State Council is the executive organ of the highest state power organ , that is, the highest state administrative organ.
can be seen that the initial "Government Council" is different from the later established State Council.
On October 1, 1949, the Central People's Government Committee held its first meeting and appointed Zhou Enlai as Premier of the State Council. The third meeting of the Central People's Government Committee held on October 19 appointed Dong Biwu, Chen Yun, Guo Moruo and Huang Yanpei as Vice Premiers of the State Council. Three years later, in August 1952, the 17th meeting of the Central People's Government Commission appointed Deng Xiaoping as Vice Premier of the State Council.
At this point, during the existence of the State Council of New China, there were a total of five vice premiers.
These five leaders have left brilliant footprints in the history of the People's Republic. Later, some had served as acting chairman of the country, some had served as vice chairman of the Party Central Committee, chairman of the Military Commission, first secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, chairman and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and some were elected as vice chairman of the National People's Standing Committee.
This article is taken into account according to the time of their death and will share it with you:
Huang Yanpei.
Huang Yanpei is a famous patriotic democratic figure and famous educator in modern China. The story of his interactions with Chairman Mao, especially the dialogue about the historical "period law", is still widely circulated today.
In June 1949, Huang Yanpei attended the preparatory meeting of the New CPPCC as a representative of the Democratic League and was elected as the deputy leader of the Group responsible for drafting the Organization Law of the Central People's Government.
After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao’s Party Central Committee intends to entrust Huang Yanpei with important tasks.
But Huang Yanpei has long publicly stated that he is unwilling to be an official. At that time, Beiyang Government asked him to be the chief of education, but he refused; in 1946, the old CPPCC consultative organization organized the coalition government to allow him to take an important position, but he refused again on the grounds that he was 68 years old and was not suitable to be an official.
Now, Huang Yanpei is 72 years old, and he is even more unwilling to be an official on this grounds. In order to select talents and appoint talents, Premier Zhou visited his home twice to mobilize. On the evening of October 11, 1949, Premier Zhou visited Huang Yanpei again and had an in-depth conversation with him, hoping that he could come out to serve as Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Light Industry.
Seeing Huang Yanpei shook his head and expressed his rejection, Premier Zhou Enlai patiently advised him: "This is different from being an official in the old society. Now he is the people's government. It is not an official, but a work, and serving people..."
Huang Yanpei was finally moved by Premier Zhou's sincerity. His child asked him why he changed his original intention this time? He replied: "In the past, he refused to be an official because he was unwilling to get into the sludge. Today, he is the people's government under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. I am the official of the people."
In this way, Huang Yanpei broke his old rule of not being an official, accepted the appointment of Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Light Industry, and became one of the Vice Premiers of the State Council.
In 1950, the Central Financial and Economic Committee with Vice Premier Chen Yun as its director was established, and is preparing to arrange Huang Yanpei and Bo Yibo as deputy directors. Huang Yanpei thought that he was in his seventies and had several positions, so he no longer accepted it. He instead recommended his old friend, then president of Peking University, , Ma Yinchu, as deputy director, and he only accepted the position of member of the Central Financial Committee.
In September 1954, at the first session of the First National People's Congress, Huang Yanpei was elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress and served this position for three consecutive terms. At the same time, from 1954 to 1965, he was also elected as the vice chairman of the second, third and fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
During his tenure, Huang Yanpei was conscientious and responsible, performed his duties diligently, was honest and self-disciplined, and worked hard to serve the people, and the sunset shone brightly.
He and Chairman Mao and other party and state leaders met frankly, and wrote letters to each other. Make suggestions on the country's major policies and guidelines.
In his 80s, Huang Yanpei began to have poor physical condition. He underwent prostate surgery in 1964 and died of illness in Beijing in December 1965 at the age of 87.
After Huang Yanpei's death, the Party and the State held a solemn public memorial ceremony for him in Zhongshan Park, Beijing. Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and others were present to mourn. Chairman Mao and Liu Shaoqi sent wreaths and their ashes were placed in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.
Dong Biwu
As we all know, Dong Biwu is the representative of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China, one of the famous "Five Elders of Yan'an".
When the founding of New China, Dong Biwu was already 63 years old. During the founding ceremony, he stood beside Chairman Mao, leaving behind an eternal historical footage.
In May 1948, in order to explore the experience of building the people's regime, the Party Central Committee decided to merge the two liberated areas of Shanxi, Cha and Hebei, Shandong and Henan into the North China Liberated Areas, and established the North China Joint Administrative Committee and sent Dong Biwu as chairman. Soon, the North China Provisional People's Congress was held, and Dong Biwu was elected Chairman of the North China People's Government.
He led the North China People's Government to actively and orderly establish people's democratic regimes at all levels, restore and develop production, develop culture and education, establish People's Bank of China , and unify financial and economic work.
The work of the North China People's Government not only accumulated a certain degree of experience in government construction, but also cultivated a group of cadres and professional talents in all aspects, providing a template for the establishment of the Central People's Government of New China.
At the beginning of the founding of the country, Dong Biwu was elected as a member of the Central People's Government and was appointed as Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the Political and Legal Committee.
In the position of Vice Premier of the State Council, Dong Biwu only worked for one term.
1954 at a meeting of the National People's Congress , he was elected as President of the New Supreme People's Court of China and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In 1959, he was elected as Vice President of the State and repeatedly served as Vice President of the State. In February 1972, he was officially appointed as the acting president of the country and was later elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National People's Congress. He is a member of the Seventh to Tenth Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Central Political Bureau.
For the consolidation, construction and development of the new China, Dong Biwu devoted himself to his wisdom and dedication.
1975, despite his 90s and his illness, he insisted on participating in state activities.
On January 16, that year, he met with Malaysian 's first ambassador to China at Great Hall of the People, which became his last foreign affairs event to participate in as the acting president of the country.
On March 5 of the same year, Dong Biwu wrote on his sickbed: Ninety times pass by, and it is difficult for me to feel wasted my life. All the bad policies of the five dynasties have been experienced personally, and the new rules of the generation must be gradually polished. Completely revolutionize the heart and the face, and follow people to govern the ridges and rivers. He followed Marxism-Leninism and was convinced that his future would be defeated. This day is also his birthday. On April 2, Dong Biwu passed away in Beijing at the age of 90.
Chairman Mao was very sad when he learned the bad news of Dong Biwu's death. He was also seriously ill and didn't want to eat and drink, but just asked the staff to repeatedly play the recording of the word "Han Groom" by Zhang Yuangan, and listened to it for a whole day. A few days later, Chairman Mao changed the last two lines of the poem to "Go away, don't look back", in order to express his nostalgia for Dong Biwu.
Guo Moruo
Compared with political achievements, Guo Moruo is more hailed as a modern Chinese writer, historian, archaeologist and famous calligrapher.
He participated in Nanchang Uprising in 1927 and joined the Communist Party of China in August of the same year. Later, he lived in Japan in his 2008 and engaged in the research of ancient Chinese history and ancient philology, and actively supported the revolutionary cultural movements of young people living in Japan and the domestic literary and artistic circles.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Guo Moruo returned to his motherland and under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, he engaged in the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement . He was the director of the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government and the director of the Cultural Work Committee. In the spring of 1944, his famous work " Jiashen Three Hundred Years of Memorial Hall" was designated as a study document for rectification and study by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War , he was ordered to go to Nanjing to participate in the Kuomintang-Republic Peace.
On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guo Moruo was elected as chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Workers and vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On October 19, after the founding ceremony, he was appointed as one of the four vice premiers of the State Council at that time, and also served as director of the Central Government's Culture and Education Commission and president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1954, at the first session of the first National People's Congress, he was elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress and was re-elected for five terms. At the same time, he was also elected as Vice Chairman of the Second, Third and Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. During this period, he also served as deputy director of the Science Planning Committee of the State Council, deputy director of the Central Promotion Mandarin Committee, director of the Chinese Pinyin Program Review Committee, and president of University of Science and Technology of China.
In March 1978, Guo Moruo attended the National Science Conference with illness, and delivered a passionate written speech at the closing ceremony "Spring of Science", predicting that "the most brilliant scientific spring in our national history has arrived!"
On June 12, that year, Guo Moruo died in Beijing due to ineffective treatment of lobular pneumonia at the age of 86.
According to Guo Moruo's will, his body was cremated after medical dissection, and the ashes were sprinkled in the farmland of Dazhai, Xiyang County, Shanxi Province. 3 people erected monuments for him to commemorate.
Chen Yun
Chen Yun is known as one of the founders and founders of China's socialist economic construction . He joined the party in 1925 and began to serve as a member of the provisional Central Standing Committee and secretary of the Party League of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions at the age of 26. In 1934, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and served as Minister of the White District Work Department.
When he participated in Long March , he was the representative of the Central Committee of the Red Fifth Army who was responsible for the task of defending the entire army, and later served as the political commissar of the Military Commission Column. At the Zunyi meeting , we actively support Mao Zedong's correct propositions.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chen Yun served as Minister of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee. He continued to be elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and later served as alternate secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee. In October 1948, on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was elected as the chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions at the Sixth National Labor Conference held in Harbin, Northeast China.
After serving as Vice Premier of the State Council in 1949, he was appointed as Vice Premier of the State Council, Minister of Commerce and Director of the National Basic Construction Committee in 1954. In 1956, at the First Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Central Committee.
He served as Vice Premier of the State Council and was re-elected at the Second and Third National People's Congresses, and was re-appointed at the Fifth National People's Congress.
In the turbulent years of the mid-to-late 1960s, he only retained the name of the Central Committee in the party and was delegated to a grassroots factory in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province to "squat".
In April 1972, Chen Yun returned to Beijing and participated in the State Council Business Group work, studying the international economic situation and the development of foreign trade issues. In 1975 and 1978, he was successively elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fourth and Fifth National People's Congress.
At of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was re-elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Central Committee, and served as the first secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. After of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he withdrew from the front-line leadership position and served as the director of of the Central Advisory Committee of .
In April 1995, Chen Yun died of illness in Beijing at the age of 90.
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping's historical experience is the most familiar to people today, so there is no need to repeat it.
After participating in the founding ceremony in 1949, he and Marshal Liu Bocheng led his troops to the southwest to liberate Sichuan, Kangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces. In late November, he took office as the first secretary of the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, and political commissar of the Southwest Military Region.He was transferred to the central government in the summer of 1952 and was appointed as Vice Premier of the State Council and Deputy Director of the Finance and Economics Committee in August. Later, he served as Director of the Transportation Office of the State Council and Minister of Finance. After that, he was re-elected as Vice Premier of the State Council until he stepped down in 1980.
In March 1978, Deng Xiaoping was elected as Chairman of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; in September 1982, he became Chairman of the Central Military Commission. In the same month, he was elected as the director of the Central Advisory Committee.
In his later years, Deng Xiaoping suffered from Parkinson's disease . Later, he suffered from lung infection and had respiratory and circulatory failure. After all efforts to rescue him, he died in Beijing in February 1997 at the age of 93. Deng Xiaoping was the last to die among the five founding vice premiers of the State Council.
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