On August 14 and 15, 1947, British India disintegrated, and Indian Peninsula also split into two countries: India and Pakistan . Indian citizens, who have been a British colony for a long time, have been oppressed for more than 100 years. After , the United Kingdom was in a mess after World War II. It had no time to take care of India, which was very far away across the ocean. India eventually became two countries due to discord between religious beliefs and political ideas. After that, conflicts and bloodshed occurred frequently. To this day, the ownership of in Kashmir region is still a very controversial topic internationally. So who is responsible for all this?
Kashmir Region Schematic diagram
"The Empire of the Sun Will Not Set" intervene
Before World War II, Britain can be said to be the most powerful country in the world, and it is the forefront of the world in terms of maritime economy and military. Britain's extremely developed navigation and shipbuilding industry made Britain's trade very developed, and with the support of these huge wealth, it began its own colonization journey. At its peak, Britain was known as the "Empire of the Sun" because there were British colonies on all continents around the world, and the sun on British territory would always hang.
The map of the peak of the "Empire of the Sun Not Setting"
In World War II, Britain did not seek any benefits, and could only strengthen coastal defense and keep a close eye on the other side of the Hitler . After Hitler formulated the sea lion plan, Britain and Germany were in a tense long-term war. In this war mode of consumption, the national strength of both sides was rapidly consumed. In the end, Germany also had a protracted war on the east and west lines at the same time, and the supply was difficult to keep up with the Soviet Red Army of Stalin , and the Soviet Union attacked all the way to Berlin .
Soviet army occupied Berlin, fascist Germany destroyed
After World War II, Britain urgently needed to recuperate and develop its economy. It was at this time that large-scale anti-British movements were also launched in various parts of India. Later, on February 18, 1946, a major uprising of 20,000 naval forces broke out. Although this uprising was quickly suppressed, it also shook the British government's rule in India.
India's anti-British uprising
On February 21, 1947, Viscount Mountbatten came to India. His initial idea was to make India independent. But to be independent under the banner of the Commonwealth, however, two distinct religious beliefs in India make this idea almost impossible. Muslims in India are extremely eager to be independent, and Muslims and Hindus often clash.
"Islamic Republic of Pakistan" flag
On August 14, 1947, Pakistan officially declared its independence and established the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on March 23, 1956. India declared independence as the Republic of India in 1950, and India and Pakistan have completely divided the country, but they are still members of the Commonwealth.
"Republic of India" flag
Differences in religious beliefs
The biggest difference between India and Pakistan is religious differences, which is also the fundamental reason for the continuous bloody conflict between the two countries. Pakistanis believe in Islam . Most of India are Hindu and Buddhist believers. This leads to both sides regarding each other as pagans, and the rights of Muslims are not guaranteed under British India.
Islam's "Muslim"
It can also be said that India-Pakistan partition is the only one ultimate beneficiary of the UK, and he checked and balanced the rights of South Asia. It will prevent India from developing with a geographically excellent country. The "time bomb" around India was manufactured by Bangladesh and Pakistan. The Indian people and the Pakistani people were killed and injured in numerous deaths and injuries due to this partition incident.
Hindu temples
After the two countries announced the partition of the two countries, the believers on both sides will naturally return to their territory, the Muslims will return to the west and the Hindu believers will return to the east, which will lead to the rapid circulation of the domestic population in a short period of time. It also led to large-scale bloody conflicts among believers on both sides. There was an extremely serious conflict in Punjab in eastern Pakistan. Many people fought each other in countless small teams. This conflict also led to 500,000 lives remaining in Punjab forever, and at the same time deepened the hatred between Muslims and Hindus.
India and Pakistan confrontation in the "Kashmir" area
India's "Mahatma" Gandhi really wanted to resolve this domestic contradiction, but there were fanatical religious believers and nationalists on both sides. In the end, Gandhi was killed by fanatical Hindu elements in his country because of "too weak foreign policy" and "close to Muslims".
"Mahatma" Gandhi
This large-scale bloody conflict between India and Pakistan is the largest conflict in modern India and Pakistan, which also sowed the seeds of hatred for the people of both sides. Britain's "two nations" theory and the conspiracy to divide India succeeded, but as Britain's international influence continued to decline, the means of South Asia this time did not seek any benefits for itself.
Attribution of Kashmir Region
In addition to religious conflicts, the ownership of Kashmir Region is also the main cause of the India-Pakistan conflict, and this area is also the main firefighting ground for the India-Pakistan conflict. In October 1947, the two sides fought in Kashmir, known in history as the first Indian-Pakistan War. At this time, 70% of the people in Kashmir were originally Islam, but their leader was Hindu believer. Under the continuous pressure of the people in Kashmir, the leader directly asked India for help.
Scene of the confrontation between the two sides in the first India-Pakistan War
India will naturally send troops to help when she hears this situation. Later, India uses 40,000 troops to attack Pakistan's 50,000 troops. In the end, India controlled 60% of the population and 70% of the land in Kashmir.
The two sides ceasefire under the mediation of United Nations , but both sides still want to include the entire Kashmir region in their territory. After that, the two sides were in a confrontation for a long time, and India and Pakistan also arranged heavy troops in the Kashmir region. Immediately afterwards, India went through the second and third India-Pakistan wars with . After that, the two sides decided to negotiate a settlement and finally signed the Shimla Agreement.
"Simla Agreement" The two sides demarcated boundaries and ruled
2003 Pakistani President Jamali announced that the Pakistani army began to achieve a unilateral comprehensive ceasefire during the Muslim Eid Festival. India strongly agreed with this suggestion and then achieved a comprehensive ceasefire. At this point, the two sides began to formally sit down and talk about the issue of Kashmir .
On April 7, 2005, Kashmir region was opened to traffic, and buses from India and Pakistan entered each other's territory from here. The Kashmir region finally opened, but after that, India and Pakistan still did not maintain peace. In the days that followed, small-scale conflicts between the two sides continued, and soldiers from both sides often died due to fierce firefights.
Kashmir region real shot
But it is better to say that it is a serious historical legacy problem than the Indian people and the Pakistani people do not love peace. Without the "Kashmir issue", there might be much less conflict between Pakistan and India. If the British government had taken the lead in the division and the two sides had drawn a clear border line, it would be impossible for any issues regarding territorial disputes to arise after that.
Kashmir Region Control Map
In short, the bloody incidents of India and Pakistan's multiple conflicts are ultimately the responsibility of the early British colonists. They first forced the two areas with completely different religions to belong to the rule of the Commonwealth, and then allowed the believers of both sides to "demarcate" their territory after they were unable to rule the Indian Peninsula. This led to the extremely serious historical problems that followed.
Looking at modern world history, as long as there is war, there is almost America. During the war, the United States repeatedly aided Pakistan's advanced weapons, but later abandoned them. The participation of the United States also brought the India-Pakistan conflict to the meaning of a world camp game.
To this day, the ownership rights of Kashmir are still unknown, which is also a problem that needs to be solved urgently by both India and Pakistan. Although the overall environment in Kashmir is stable, small conflicts and small frictions are still ongoing. It is hoped that both sides can finally resolve the problems in Kashmir in a peaceful way.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-