The hard The War of Resistance against Japan ended, my country experienced four years of civil war. Continuous wars, coupled with the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's group, it took away almost all the gold from the mainland treasury. Therefore, after the establishment of the new China faced a poor and deserted situation.
is at this stall that urgently needs funds to develop and build. However, in 1972, Chairman Mao decided to exempt Japan from the $120 billion compensation that should be compensated as a defeated country. What is the reason?
Japan war compensation after the war
Since 1931 "September 18th" incident , in the 14 years since the Japanese invaded China, more than 20 million military and civilians died heroically, causing China's economic losses of hundreds of billions of dollars, and also brought deep and painful disasters to the Chinese people. After Japan was defeated, according to international law, it must carry out war compensation to China.
In July 1945, the " Potsdam Proclamation " publicly stated that Japan can have industries that must maintain life and economy, but it cannot be equipped with industries that can re-arm operations. This is also the revision made by the international community, which has learned from the lessons of war to prevent militarism from rekindling.
However, this regulation also gives Japan the opportunity to flexibly apply the disposal regulations. Although it is a punishment, it is more morally biased.
In October of the same year, US President Truman sent an investigation team to Asia. After conducting a detailed investigation and assessment of Japan's industrial conditions and local war damage in China and North Korea, they submitted the "Instant Collection Plan". According to Japan's GDP of is 4 billion US dollars, and the allies proposed compensation of about 10 billion US dollars, and China, as the largest victim, should get half of it.
According to these regulations, by the end of 1946, China obtained a total of approximately US$22 million worth of supplies in three batches. At the same time, it also obtained more than 30,000-ton ships from the Supreme Command of the Allied Forces of China, Soviet, American and British in Japan through lottery.
or above is the first compensation received by China as the victorious country of World War II , and it is also the last time.
The United States intervened, Chiang Kai-shek default
In March 1947, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union officially began. In order to curb the influence of communism in Asia, Truman decided to support Japan as a bridgehead to contain the Soviet Union in the Asia-Pacific region, so it became a matter of course to help Japan lose post-war compensation.
In 1948, for the interests of Asia, the State Council published a public report proposing that "As an important part of the United States in the Far East, Japan must restore its economy as soon as possible to maintain stability." In May 1949, due to the huge changes in the domestic situation in China, the pro-American Chiang Kai-shek was in a desperate situation in the mainland, the Kuomintang regime fell apart, and Chiang Kai-shek was forced to flee to Taiwan. At this time, the US government unilaterally announced the cessation of compensation plans, which also preserved Japan's industrial capacity intact.
After the outbreak of the Korean War , the United States once again relaxed its sanctions on Japan. In order to cater to the United States, Chiang Kai-shek had to turn a blind eye to Japan's claim.
In 1951, in order to deal with the comprehensive liberated new China, the United States began to resolve the international status of Japan, the defeated country. At the San Francisco Peace Conference, the United States colluded with Britain to give up its claims against Japan, and carried forward the so-called "humanitarian spirit" in the so-called San Francisco contract to help Japan avoid compensation. If it really cannot be avoided, try to pay less or not.
Seeing such a shameless contract, the Soviet representatives participating in the meeting refused to sign, while China at that time did not receive any invitation at all. They even proposed at the meeting that Japan would freely choose to establish relations between Taiwan and the mainland.
Japan, which "repaying favors", naturally knew how to act according to the eyes. In February 1952, the Kuomintang authorities officially began peace talks with Japan. At the beginning, the Kuomintang also negotiated on post-war compensation, but the Japanese representatives suggested that "it was difficult to make any compensation anymore" and easily mentioned the heinous crimes he committed.
. In order to make the international recognition of his "orthodox status and isolate the New China as soon as possible, Chiang Kai-shek kept silent on the issue of compensation. After that, it became more difficult for the Chinese people to claim compensation from Japan again.
decided to look forward
When he learned that Taiwan and Japan signed the so-called "Taiwan-Japan Treaty", the New China immediately expressed solemn protest. In May of the same year, Premier Zhou Enlai publicly stated his opposition, and at the same time, the Chinese government and the Chinese people did not give up their compensation claims against Japan.
However, mainland China and Japan had not yet established contact, so the issue of war reparations between China and Japan has been delayed.
Until the 1960s, with the continuous close civil exchanges between China and Japan, which led to the continuous development of relevant government organizations, the exchanges between China and Japan have entered a half-official and half-people state, and it is just around the corner to restore the normalized friendly neighbors of the two countries.
Then there was Nixon's visit to China , a major breakthrough in Sino-US relations. The US government played a balanced approach to Xu Xu in the Asia-Pacific region. After establishing diplomatic relations with China, it imposed a 10% import tax on Japan, and this set of winning the Japanese government had to re-examine the relationship with China.
Tanaka Kakuei as the Prime Minister of Japan, immediately stated that it was It shows that the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations is its top priority. As the exchanges and contacts deepen, the issue of war reparations was once again placed before the leaders of the two countries.
The Chinese government first expressed great indignation on the issue and remarks of the "Republic of China" abandoning compensation in the 1952 Taiwan-Japan Treaty, and bluntly said that this was a false statement. The next statement changed, but it still stated that the people of the two countries should look forward.
In July 1972, in order to achieve normalization of diplomatic relations with Japan, Chairman Mao personally gave instructions on Sino-Japanese war reparations: First, Taiwan Chiang Kai-shek had already given up compensation one step ahead, so we cannot be petty, and it seems to be useless; second, Japan We must break off diplomatic relations with Taiwan in order to restore diplomatic relations with us.
and exempt Japanese compensation can prevent the Japanese people from being oppressed and repayment, which is in line with the prospect of friendship between the two peoples in the era.
far-sightedness
Chairman Mao's attitude reflects the broad mind and broad mind of the Chinese people, and also reflects the tolerance and long-term vision that a big country should have. In the " Sino-Japanese Joint Statement " issued in September 1972, the Japanese side rarely expressed deep reflection on the profound war disasters it brought to China. In the subsequent statement, the Chinese government announced that it would give up the war compensation requirements for Japan for the sake of Sino-Japanese friendship.
In Japan's later parliament, Japanese Foreign Minister Ohira Masayoshi once said: China gave up war compensation in this statement, and our country should express its sincere gratitude to it.
In this way, the post-war compensation between the Chinese and Japanese governments on World War II finally came to an end. However, although our country gave up the compensation demand worth US$120 billion, it gained deep friendship between China and Japan. After becoming the Prime Minister of Japan, Masayoshi Ohira developed assistance to the Chinese government for nine years to help build a friendly country. In addition, the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan also broke the international diplomatic blockade of Taiwan's new China.
And the war reparations that Chairman Mao gave up under the instructions established in the world, a victim and victorious country, who is in an absolute position of discourse, but has given up the great image of great temptation. This also provides a good example for more and more countries to establish friendly relations with the New China in the future. People in the world will be willing to stand on the standpoint of equality and reciprocity and conduct economic and cultural exchanges with us, thereby further helping the New China integrate into the world's big family more quickly.
gave up 120 billion in compensation, in exchange for a new world of the Chinese people!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-