Previously
The most glorious period of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base was the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" of . According to the situation of the Kuomintang troops encircling the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas, the Red Fourth Front Army judged the situation and took the initiative to launch four major battles: Huang'an, Shanghuang, Sujiabu and Huangguang. All of these four battles achieved great victory.
Red Army Flag
Kuotek's third "encirclement and suppression" deployment of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area
1931, Chiang Kai-shek personally went to Wuhan to take charge and deployed the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas.
In the western Anhui base, the Kuomintang troops were equipped with four divisions, including Yue Shengxuan's 46th Division, Ruan Zhaochang's 55th Division, Li Songshan's 57th Division, Li Shiding's 7th Division; in East Hubei, Hubei, there were seven divisions, including Xia Douyin's 13th Division, Peng Zhenshan's 30th Division, Zhang Yinxiang's 31st Division, Ge Yunlong's 33rd Division, Shangzhichu's 44th Division, Xu Yuanquan's 48th Division, Zhao Guanying's 69th Division; in East Henan, there were four divisions, including Tang Enbo's 2nd Division, Zeng Wanzhong's 12th Division, Dai Minquan's 45th Division, Chen Yaohan's 58th Division, and Zhang Jin's 24th Army was also assembled in Xinyang . It is particularly worth noting that Chiang Kai-shek also transferred his direct line, Xu Tingyao's 4th Division and Yu Jishi's 4th Division to Wuhan to participate in the "encirclement and suppression".
This time, Chiang Kai-shek adopted some new strategies for the third "encirclement and suppression" deployment of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area. We strive to attack in the military, consume the main force of the Red Army, absolutely prohibit military response and be in a passive position, and use tactics such as long-term pursuit, suppression, blocking and attacking, and dispatching reserve teams to "encircle and suppress"; economically, trade between White District and Red District, accelerate the implementation of economic blockade policies, and destroy the production and economic life of the revolutionary base areas; create counter-revolutionary public opinion politically, confuse the people in the Soviet area, and try to organize landlords and armed forces on the borders of Red District and White District, collude with landlords and rich peasants in the Soviet area and all reactionary forces, implement internal and external attack strategies, and burn, kill, rob, and loot the base areas.
However, due to the "September 18th" incident of , Japanese imperialists invaded China's three northeastern provinces, and Chiang Kai-shek adopted the policy of non-resistance. The people of the whole country set off a new climax of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. The internal turmoil of the Kuomintang authorities became increasingly intensified, and Keishi was forced to step down in December, 1931. National Government also hurriedly announced the relocation of the capital to Luoyang on January 30, 1932. Although the Kuomintang authorities, which were full of crisis, prepared for the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas, they were unable to do so and could not implement it immediately, forming a situation of "encirclement but not suppression" of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas.
Established the Red Fourth Front Army in May 21931, according to the central decision, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Revolutionary Military Commission were established. Zhang Guotao was appointed as secretary of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Branch and chairman of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Revolutionary Military Committee.
In November and July 1931, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a grand gathering on the river beach west of Qiliping to warmly celebrate the 14th anniversary of the victory of the Russian October Revolution. At this rally, it was officially announced that the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was established, with Red 4 Army and Red 25 Army , with a total of more than 20,000 people. Xu Xiangqian was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Front Army, Chen Changhao was appointed as the political commissar, and Liu Shiqi was appointed as the director of the political department.
Commander-in-Chief of the Red Fourth Front Army—Xu Xiangqian.
Red Fourth Front Army flag
After the establishment of the Red Fourth Front Army, it was decided to launch the Huang'an Battle with 8 regiments including the Red 11th Division, the Red 12th Division and the 30th Regiment of the Red 10th Division.
Huang'an Battle
The Central Branch of the Communist Party of China Hubei, Henan and Anhui has a clear attitude in the face of the army's imprisonment. The Red Army wants to attack the enemy and fundamentally prevent the Kuomintang's third "encirclement and suppression" plan from being realized. When the enemy has not made up its arrangements, we must break the third "encirclement and suppression" and then pursue and advance to achieve greater victory.
Huang'an, which is today Hong'an . Huang'ancheng is a relatively prominent stronghold for the Kuomintang army to extend into the southwest of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area, and is guarded by the 69th Division of Zhao Guanying's unit of the Kuomintang army.Zhao Guanying's division headquarters and the 206th Brigade were stationed in Huang'an City, while the 207th Brigade and a regiment of the 30th Division, which was affiliated to the division, were stationed outside the city. The headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army decided to launch the Huang'an Battle with the troops of the Red 11th Division, the Red 12th Division, one regiment of the Red 10th Division and the Huang'an Independent Regiment. This battle adopted a strategy of long-term siege, gradually weakening the enemy, creating conditions, and standby siege, and implementing " siege point to attack ". The first phase of the
Battle - Clear the Peripheral: From November 10 to 20, 1931, in about ten days, the Red Army cleared the outer strongholds of Huang'an County and cut off the connection between the city and the Kuomintang army outside the city. The second phase of the
battle - besieging the aid: From November 21 to December 20, in about 30 days, Zhao Guanying's defenders in the city were defeated continuously and counterattacked, and also blocked reinforcements from the 30th Division of the Peng Zhenshan division and the 33rd Division of the Ge Yunlong division from the east of Hubei. The third phase of the battle of
- Eliminate the enemy: December 20th to 23rd, about three days.
In the winter of 1931, in the city of Huang'an, facing the Red Army's siege for more than a month, Zhao Guanying, commander of the 69th Division of the Kuomintang Army, was eagerly waiting for rescue.
What Zhao Guanying was anxiously waiting for was an airplane. Hao Ran wrote the word "Lenin" on the fuselage. The plane dived and threw down two black things, followed by snow-like flyers. Before the Kuomintang defenders could react, a huge explosion came from the ground, and the smoke and soil rose into the air. What's going on with this plane
?
On February 16, 1930, the Kuomintang Air Force pilot Long Wenguang flew a "Kosay" aircraft from Hankou to Kaifeng, Henan to perform communication tasks. When the fuel was exhausted, it forced a landing in Xuanhua store in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border area. Under the mobilization of Xu Xiangqian, the leader of the border region, Long Wenguang also joined the Red Army and served as the first pilot of the Red Army. A new collection located in the hinterland of Dabie Mountains , located between mall and Guangshan . Xinji, which is now , Xinxian , belongs to Xinyang City, Henan Province. During the Agrarian Revolution War, this was the capital of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area. That year, this Kuomintang fighter jet seized by the Red Army was transported here by the military and civilians in the base area. The seized plane was officially renamed the Lenin. It became the first aircraft in the history of the People's Army and made military achievements in the subsequent Huang'an Battle at the end of 1931. In September 1932, the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" of in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area failed. The Red Fourth Front Army in Xizhe, and the "Lenin" aircraft was disbanded and buried in the Dabie Mountains.
That night, that is, on the night of December 23, eight regiments of the Red Fourth Front Army launched a general attack on Huang'an City, breaking through the city wall that night and rushing into the city. The defenders of the enemy Zhao Guanying's troops were completely wiped out by the Red Army in the outskirts during the breakout, and Zhao Guanying, the commander of the enemy's 69th Division, was captured. In this service, a total of about 15,000 Kuomintang troops were wiped out, of which nearly 10,000 were captured alive, more than 7,000 guns were seized, more than 7,000 long and short guns, more than ten mortars, and one radio station.
This battle started on November 10, 1931 and ended on December 23, 1931. It took 43 days to end. The battle of Huang'an was successfully concluded and achieved great results.
The Battle of Huang'an was the first battle launched since the establishment of the Red Fourth Front Army. The enemy's nails wedged into the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area were successfully pulled out, and the Soviet areas of Huang'an, Macheng, Xiaogan and other counties were connected together, making the base areas more consolidated. At the same time, it also caused the Kuomintang army to declare bankruptcy before it could begin.
In order to commemorate this major victory, the Red Army changed Huang An to Hong'an from then on.
General County—Hong'an, Hubei.
Shanghuang Battle
The huge victory of the Hong'an Battle greatly inspired the fighting spirit of the military and civilians in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas. After the victory of the Hong'an Battle, on January 13, 1932, the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army led the Red 10th Division, the Red 11th Division and the 12th Division to advance northward, and at the same time, the 73rd Division of the Red 25th Army located in western Anhui advanced westward and began to implement the Battle of Shangcheng and Huangchuan. Looking for opportunities to annihilate the Kuomintang army in southeastern Henan and develop bases northward. After a short period of rest, Xu Xiangqian led the main force of the Red Fourth Front Army to the north.
At this time, the Kuomintang army deployed the 2nd Division of Tang Enbo's troops, the 12th Division of Zeng Wanzhong's troops, the 33rd Independent Brigade and the 58th Division of Chen Yaohan's troops along the front lines of Huangchuan and Shangcheng Highway. The forces of three divisions and one brigade were connected in the south to control the local Kuomintang troops in the south of Shangcheng and northeast of Macheng, so that the western Anhui and the border areas of Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area were divided by the Kuomintang army.
The headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army decided to concentrate the main forces of the four divisions, first encircle and annihilate the enemies located in Chuanliudian, Du Fudian, and Jiangjiaji along the Shanghuang Highway, and then wait for the opportunity to seize the mall and break the enemy's division.
1932 On January 22, 1932, the Red Army captured Yagang, north of Huangchuan City. When the Red Army implemented division and siege, the 2nd Division of Tang Enbo's army, the 12th Division of Zeng Wanzhong's army, the Independent Brigade, and the 58th Division of Chen Yaohan's army were stationed in eastern Henan, and one of the three divisions and one brigade of the Kuomintang army was afraid of being annihilated, so it quickly retracted back to Huangchuan.
The Red Fourth Front Army then surrounded the mall with a force, and the 58th Division of Chen Yaohan's troops was the defending enemy. Most of the main forces of the Red Army gathered hiddenly on both sides of the mall to Huangchuan Highway, waiting to annihilate the reinforcements from Huangchuan. On January 31, three divisions and one brigade of the Kuomintang army were divided into two routes to reinforce the mall. The main force of the Red Fourth Front Army used a tactic of combining frontal blocking and two wing detours. On February 2, the battle defeated all the enemies coming to help in Huangchuan, and approached the suburbs of Huangchuan. The 58th Division of Chen Yaohan, the enemy who was guarding the mall, was hopeless to rescue, so he had to abandon the city and flee south to Macheng. The battles of Mall and Huangchuan ended successfully.
This battle started from January 19, 1932 to February 9, and lasted more than 20 days. The vast areas along the Shanghuang Highway were liberated, more than 5,000 Kuomintang troops were annihilated, and the revolutionary base areas in western Anhui and Hubei and Henan border were connected together.
Schematic diagram of Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas
Please read the next article: The third anti-"encirclement and suppression" of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas (Part 2). The peak battle of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area, the 48 battles - the great victory of Sujiabu, ushered in the heyday of the base area.
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