A very interesting thing: the two great men born in the 19th century in the 19th century are very worth comparing. Their birth is one year old, and their family backgrounds are exactly the same. They have all gone from politics, founded the party, run newspapers, and taught books... They have been active in the modern domestic political stage. During the 1911 Revolution, to the War of Protecting the Country, they still have common life intersections, but their life curves are not the same, but they are all very representative, and they are worthy of our careful appreciation and careful study. These two are the famous enlightenment thinker Liang Qichao and Mr. Zhang Lan, Vice Chairman of the First Government of the Republic.
Zhang Lan (red) vs Liang Qichao (blue)
Liang Qichao and Zhang Lan are both great men worth remembering. The above picture is a life simulation curve chart drawn by me based on the major events and achievements in their lives (the horizontal axis represents the year, and the vertical axis represents the degree of life achievement). From the coordinate chart, we can clearly see:
Master Liang Qichao's life is relatively short, at the age of 56, but his life curve slope It was huge, with violent ups and downs, and it was at a high level. It took less than 30 years to go from the "child prodigy" of Xinhui to the domestic storm. , the historical events of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 1894-1895 1894-1895 1894-1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1895 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 199 It's a miracle.
, and Zhang Lan's life was different. It seemed that he started relatively late, but his life curve was steadily upward, and his life was calm and he became late. In 1949, he was a false alarm and finally reached the peak of his life and was able to enjoy his life.
Judging from the life contributions of the two great men: Liang Qichao was committed to the enlightenment of people's wisdom and social transformation throughout his life, and made remarkable achievements in ideological enlightenment, academic foundation laying, and family education. Zhang Lan taught and educated people all his life, and his disciples were spread all over Sichuan. He was more concerned about the specific people's livelihood, respected, and honest as an official, and was known as the "Sage of Northern Sichuan". He spoke for justice, planned the country in his old age, and was politically correct, which greatly promoted the establishment and peaceful reunification of the New China. More importantly, he also had an enviable 83-year-old life.
People are like leaves, and each life curve cannot overlap. Even if they have more common points, what exactly causes such a huge difference in the life curves of great people of the same era? After careful analysis and comparison, I feel that in addition to factors such as self-study in the future, there are also the following four factors.
First, the influence of regional culture. Around 1870, the era of human industrial revolution has begun, European, American and Western powers are busy colonizing the whole world, and China is also forced to "learn learning from the east and the west."Relatively speaking, people in coastal areas can receive new ideas and new things faster. In modern Chinese history, a considerable number of revolutionaries and benevolent people, such as Hong Xiuquan , Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiashu, Lin Zexu , Yan Fu , Huang Zunxian ... etc., all came to eastern coastal areas , and Liang Qichao was no exception. His hometown is in Xinhui, Guangdong, where Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with the little emperor on his back;
, and Zhang Lan is different. His hometown, Nanchong, Sichuan, is located in the closed inland hinterland of the southwest. Since ancient times, the transportation and culture have been blocked. "The road to Shu is difficult, and it is difficult to reach the blue sky", which makes Sichuan people a long-term peace. As a result, people have a strong sense of "small peasantry", they are at ease when they are rich, the local people are strong, and the culture of the rivers and lakes is prevalent. In addition, warlords have fought over the years and the people have lived a very difficult life. Therefore, due to the limitations of regional culture, Zhang Lan focused on teaching and educating people all his life. Although he was also very concerned about politics, and his thoughts are inclusive and open, his focus is more on the specific aspects of people's livelihood around him. He urgently hopes that the local area can be peaceful for a long time and that the people live and work in peace. In his lifelong political practice, he has been actively seeking "local autonomy" for a long time and doing his best to ensure peace in the area.
The second is the impact of family conditions. Liang Qichao and Zhang Lan's family background are very similar. They both married two wives and gave birth to many children. The father is both a private school teacher and has many brothers and sisters. However, in comparison, Liang Qichao's family conditions are much better than Zhang Lan. Although they are both teachers' families, Liang Qichao's family started earlier and laid the foundation since his grandfather's generation. Liang Qichao has 9 siblings. He is the eldest. He studied " Four Books " from his grandfather at the age of four or five. 》, "Five Classics", and after he was six years old, he studied "A Brief History of China" and "Five Classics" with his father;
. Although Zhang Lan's father was also a teacher, there were as many as 14 brothers and sisters, and he was ranked third. In addition, "five fathers and sons of the Zhang family, four scholars in one family" at that time, it was not enough to rely on his father's meager salary. Later, his mother had to rent 8 acres of land ten miles away from home to farm to barely support a whole family. Because the family was too poor, Zhang Lan had no books to read when he was a child. It is said that later, a landlord's child gave him "half the Analects of Confucius". He regarded it as a treasure and memorized it like a stream. Therefore, due to the different family's economic conditions, the starting point of his studies will be different, and the difference will be even greater in the future.
Liang Qichao was talented and became a scholar at the age of 12. In the second year, he was able to study in Xuehaitang, the highest academic institution in the provincial capital of Guangzhou. Three years later, Liang Qichao was 16 years old and ranked eighth in the province. Later, he became a scholar at Kang Youwei. He studied many knowledge of Chinese studies and Western civilization in
, but Zhang Lan was only 22 years old because of the restrictions of family living conditions. He was hired as a teacher at the age of 29. In 1902, Zhang Lan, who was already 30 years old, had the opportunity to study at Sichuan Zunjing Academy. A year later, he was selected to study in the Normal School of Tokyo Hongwen College in Japan. At this time, Liang Qichao had already experienced a series of major events such as "Shiwubao", "Shiwubao", "Hong Kong Reform School", and "Hong Kong Reform School" in Yokohama, Japan, and accumulated energy for the arrival of the second wave of climax in life.
Third, the influence of personal personality. personality determines destiny, and this sentence is not without reason. Personal personality is largely affected by the influence of family and social environment, and is also closely related to a person's knowledge accumulation and ideological consciousness.
In general, Liang Qichao and Zhang Lan are both outgoing. They are both good at socializing, active and enterprising, and are brave enough to actively innovate in their respective fields. However, compared with Zhang Lan, Liang Qichao's personality is gentle and restrained. In " Liang Qichao's Family Letter ", we can see that Liang Qichao is like a "loving father" image spokesperson;
At the same time, we know that Liang Qichao was deeply influenced by his mentor Kang Youwei throughout his life, and he obeyed Kang Youwei for a time. Even though he knew that there were differences or even conflicts with the teacher's views, he would not directly contradict the teacher in person. This is explained in Liang Qichao's self-reporter. In the TV series "Towards the Republic", we can also see that Liang Qichao politely rejected Kang Youwei's request to support Zhang Xun's restoration, he took out a ruler and asked the teacher to punish himself like an honest elementary school student! Perhaps it is precisely because of this ideological personality that in his later political career, especially after he went into exile in Japan, Liang Qichao came into contact with more Western cultural knowledge, met more revolutionary people such as Sun Yat-sen, and had his own new insights into the social situation. His political thoughts often changed, but no matter how they changed, Liang Qichao never got out of the circle of Kang Youwei's reform of his thoughts. It seems that the great man's thoughts also have limitations! Liang Qichao's gentle personality has made him miraculously successful in the education of his children: "Three academicians in one school, nine sons are all talented", while his restrained personality has led to his political proposition of "change" (I prefer to understand it as "keeping pace with the times"), which has been quite controversial yet;
Looking back, let's take a look at Zhang Lan, a gentleman look, a standard "beautiful bearded man", the movie " Founding of the Country " In the middle, he stood between Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, and the impression left was too deep. However, in real life, Zhang Lan was a typical Sichuanese person with a heroic and generous personality, as the saying goes, "Brother Pao family will never give up diarrhea." He spoke frankly throughout his life, and he finally got the opportunity to study in Japan, but because he was not convinced that Empress Dowager Cixi was almost sent back to China. He bravely criticized Zhao Erfeng during the Road Protection Sports , and directly criticized Duan Qirui during the Beiyang government during the period, and angrily criticized Chiang Kai-shek during the kuomintang period, not to mention criticizing Yang Sen, a student who was arbitrarily tyranted and tyranted.
Zhang Lan's straightforward personality led to his disagreement with the mainstream social parties at that time and even incompatible with him. Fortunately, Zhang Lan dared to "spoken" his personality's trump card was that he was completely selfless and devoted himself to the country and the people. Therefore, he could always escape unscathed, and his moral reputation increased day by day, resulting in the situation later: "If you get Sichuan, you will get Zhang Lan." The reason why Zhang Lan got Sichuan is that Zhang Lan has such great influence on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also shows the importance of Zhang Lan's neutral position. It seems that with Zhang Lan's personality, he later chose to form the "Democratic League". It is a correct political decision to be able to adjust the centrally between mainstream political parties from an objective and fair position as a third party. It is no wonder that the Chairman Mao meeting was praised in person during the Chongqing negotiations : "I am really a good person to plan the country!"
The fourth is the impact of life opportunities. Planning depends on people, and success depends on heaven.Opportunities have a particularly huge impact on a lifetime, and sometimes even decisive. When we meet the right "noble people" at the right time and place, we may succeed. On the contrary, success may pass by us.
Liang Qichao encountered three major opportunities in his life: The first time was to study from the countryside to Xuehaitang, the highest academic institution in the provincial capital, which quickly broadened his horizons and systematically learned the traditional Chinese classics, laying the foundation of his life's Chinese studies; The second time was to meet Kang Youwei through Chen Qianqiu and learn from Kang Youwei as his teacher, so that he had the later learning experience of Wanmu Caotang, and the later public buses and Wuxu Reform, participate in strong learning , and the main writer "Shiwubao" and other opportunities and platforms; 's third time is to know Tan Sitong and Yan Fu. These two have a huge impact on Liang Qichao's thoughts throughout his life, especially Yan Fu's " Day Evolutionary Theory " and many Western translations, which have played a great role in promoting Liang Qichao's social Enlightenment Thought theory.
Zhang Lan also encountered three major opportunities in his life: The first time was when he was coaching Guang'an Zijing Economic Society. Although the time was short, he met Tongmenghui Sichuan head Pu Dianying, Luo Lun, etc. Later, he became the main organizer in the organization of the road protection campaign and became famous in one battle, achieving the first climax of his life; The second time was when he was in the Sichuan Zunjing Academy, and he was admitted to the Changyuan Luo. Cheng Xiang's appreciation of was able to study in Tokyo Hongwen Academy in Japan for public expenses. During this period, Zhang Lan met Cai E, a proud disciple of Liang Qichao who studied in the Japanese Non-commissioned Officer School. Later, during the War of Protecting the Country, Cai and Zhang were able to work together and were praised by Cai E's "Contemporary Guan Zhong". After the War of Protecting the Country, Zhang Lan had the opportunity to continue to serve in the Sichuan Military Government until he became the governor of , ; , the third time, can be summarized as being in the relationship with our party. During Zhang Lan's founding of the Morning Post, he met Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and other leaders of the New Culture Movement, and his second son Zhang Jun was classmates with Chen Yi, Luo Ruiqing and others. During his time in Germany, he joined our party's European branch and became Zhou Enlai's subordinates. Of course, Zhu De and Luo Ruiqing were originally Zhang Lan's students, and later they all joined our party and became important leaders of the party and the country. Because of our relationship with our party, Zhang Lan was able to further understand and understand our party's political propositions to save the country and the people, and it was also the thrilling story of Chairman Mao visiting Teyuan three times during the Chongqing negotiations in 1945 and Zhou Enlai made every effort to rescue Zhang Lan in 1949.
OK, friends, there is no right or wrong in life, existence is reasonable. It is a life of prosperity and ups and downs, and it is also a life of calmness and prosperity. I wonder which one would you like to go more?
Mr. Zhang Lan’s family
Master Liang Qixian’s family
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