As early as the 1920s, Qu Qiubai, the early leader of the Communist Party of China, proposed the concept of the four major families of Jiang, Song, Confucius and Chen in his article.
It is said that "the Chen family in the Jiang family is in the world, and the Song sister Kong family is in the Song family."
pic | Chiang Kai-shek
Although Chiang Kai-shek is the leader of the four major families, there is no doubt that without the support of the other three major families, even Chiang Kai-shek will find it difficult to realize his ambitions and desires.
From this level, it undoubtedly shows that the four major families are so closely connected.
As Chiang Kai-shek's regime gradually collapsed, the four major families gradually became divided due to conflicts of interest.
According to Dai Yan, who was once the personal bodyguard of Jiang Jingguo:
"When Mr. Jingguo passed away, after I got the news, I suddenly heard a loud laugh from Miss Kong Er and Mrs. Jiang."
"Miss Kong Er" here refers to Kong Xiangxi HTML and Song Ailing 's daughter, Kong Lingkan 's sister Kong Lingwei .
After many years, Dai Yan still recalled this from time to time:
"What does this laughter mean?"
All this starts with the grievances between the Jiang family and the Kong family.
Jiang Jingguo "fights the tiger"
In fact, since the War of Liberation, the Chiang Kai-shek government has not only faced military difficulties, but also faced severe economic crisis.
Figure | Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo
Take 1947 as an example alone. The military expenditure of the Kuomintang army in this year was as high as 100 trillion fiat currency, while the government's fiscal revenue in this year was only 17 trillion fiat currency. The expenditure alone was far from enough. It once held the financial power of the National Government Song Ziwen once said helplessly:
"This deficit of 83 trillion yuan of legal tender is all compensated by the printing press."
At that time, the Ministry of Finance of the National Government had 5 printing factories in Shanghai alone, and could print 16 million legal tender in a minute, but it still couldn't make ends meet. It even had to go to the United States and the United Kingdom to print and then ship it back.
Perhaps because she could not bear the financial oppression, Song Ziwen resigned in February 1947 and was approved by Chiang Kai-shek.
It is precisely because of such a erosion that Chiang Kai-shek finally made up his mind to implement a new monetary reform plan.
At the same time, Chiang Ching-kuo was also sent to Shanghai by Chiang Kai-shek to promote new monetary reform plans.
With Chiang Kai-shek's expectations, Chiang Ching-kuo led a group of young and powerful officials to Shanghai in a fierce manner, causing a bloody storm in Shanghai.
Let’s briefly talk about the concept of finance here - Inflation .
Figure | In 1945, the public put a bag of money on the rickshaw
A simpler understanding is that during a certain period of time, the rapid rise in prices caused the currency to depreciate. The reason for inflation is mainly caused by the imbalance between supply and demand of a certain commodity or multiple commodities during this period.
At the end of the War of Liberation, the National Government led by Chiang Kai-shek received a large amount of U.S. aid, but Chiang Kai-shek invested this part of U.S. aid in the war. Because the frontline war was deteriorated, it caused transitional consumption, resulting in a shortage of materials circulating in society, and thus rising prices and inflation.But speculative businessmen saw the benefits of inflation causing rising prices, deliberately hoarded a large amount of materials and were unwilling to take action. They waited for prices to rise and made huge profits, which aggravated inflation and further depreciated the currency.
Take a set of data as an example:
1937 can buy two cows for 100 yuan in fiat currency, and you can only buy one cow in the second year, a pig in 1941, a chicken in 1943, a fish in 1945, an egg in 1946, and 1/3 box of matches in 1947. You can only buy 0.002416 two taels of rice (16 taels per catty). In May 1949, you can only buy 2.45 percent of the 1 grain of rice.
It is true that war is the main reason for economic collapse, but the most important thing is the speculative businessmen who make a fortune in the country. Just as in " Founding of the Kingdom ", Jiang Jingguo has a classic line:
"Their wealth, their apartments, coats, perfumes, and refrigerators are like poisonous bacteria, parasitizing on the thin country. They are the enemy of the country and the enemy of the people."
At that time, there were people who made up rumors and mocking officials and businessmen: html l2
"The big official is greedy, the small lie is greedy, the greed ends, the people die; if you do it, I will make it, I will make it, I will make it, and the land will be without any grass..."
If you want to solve economic problems, you must calm prices, and the fundamental reason for stabilizing prices is to let circulating goods appear on the market. As long as residents can ensure sufficient daily life, prices will fall back to a normal level.
Chiang Kai-shek thought that Shanghai is the economic center of the country, and as long as Shanghai's market can be stable, the country can be stable.
It was also under such circumstances that Chiang Kai-shek sent his son Chiang Ching-kuo. Although he did not go there himself, having his son there undoubtedly shows Chiang Kai-shek's determination in this matter.
Jiang Jingguo was very confident in solving Shanghai's financial problems at the beginning. Later, he wrote his "bold words" in his diary:
"This economic control is a social reform movement, which is of revolutionary significance, not only economic."
Jiang Jingguo was making a big fuss in Shanghai. In fact, he knew the resistance to this financial reform, so what he wanted to do was not to "kill the chicken to warn the monkey", but to kill the monkey for the chicken to show it.
Many political officials and businessmen were thrown into prison by Chiang Ching-kuo for speculation and counter-attack.
Figure|In 1948, Zhonghui Bank manager Du Weiping was arrested by Jiang Jingguo for speculating and trashing for "stocking goods and stock trading". He was later sentenced to six months in prison
. The biggest one was to sentence Du Yuesheng's son Du Weiping for "stocking goods and stock trading".
Jiang Jingguo's series of actions in Shanghai did indeed play a role in calming prices at the beginning, but behind the calm surface, there was an undercurrent.
kicked on the iron plate
Du Weiping, the son of Du Yuesheng, was sentenced not long ago on the charge of "stocking and stock trading", but this time Du Yuesheng made full preparations:
"I am not here to plead for my son. He did something wrong and violated the national regulations. It was because I was not disciplined. First, I asked him to hand over the illegally hoarded materials, and second, I handed him over to Mr. Jiang for legal action. But I want to say that since Mr. Jiang puts national laws first and enforces the law like a mountain, he should be treated equally.As far as I know, it is not only my son who has hoarded goods in Shanghai, but there are many Yangzi companies. Why did Mr. Jiang not check them out..."
photos | Jiang Jingguo in Shanghai
Jiang Jingguo knew very well that the relationship between their Jiang family and the Kong family was a tangle, but in front of so many industrial and commercial giants, if he did not express his opinion in public, he would probably not be able to pay attention to the next decree he issued. Thinking of this, Jiang Jingguo no longer hesitated and immediately stood up and expressed his opinion:
"After investigation and punishment, we will never tolerate it." "
Afterwards, Chiang Ching-kuan ordered Cheng Yikuan, the leader of the Economic Brigade, to seal the Yangtze River subsidiary, and seized more than 20,000 tons of goods from the Yangtze River Company.
Jiang Jingguo's action shocked Kong Lingkan. He thought his cousin was just trying to make a point, but he didn't expect to be so heartless.
Not long ago, Chiang Kai-shek heard that someone in Shanghai used currency reform to to speculate and retaliate. He called it in one phone call The commander of the Songhu Police and the Shanghai Police Bureau, Xuan Tiewu, asked him to investigate the matter thoroughly. Xuan Tiewu did not dare to neglect and immediately arranged a mandate to investigate. The results found that he was shocked. No one who could do this speculation in Shanghai had a backstage, and the largest of them was the Kong family's Yangtze Company.
Xuan Tiewu was not stupid either. When he saw that he hit the iron plate, he simply ignored it. In order to shirk responsibility, he personally gave Jiang Jie. Shi wrote a resignation report .
pic | Chiang Kai-shek
When Chiang Kai-shek saw this resignation report, he knew that Xuan Tiewu was playing tricks. Perhaps his mind was also awake. He wanted to move those who had backers unless he sent someone with a backer than them to go.
To a certain extent, Chiang Ching-kuo did not disappoint Chiang Kai-shek's expectations.
As soon as Jiang Jingguo arrived in Shanghai, he took Du Weiping to take action. Du Weiping himself wanted to get confused at the beginning, but Jiang Jingguo had already sent someone to find out where his warehouse was located. Without waiting for Du Weiping to explain, he immediately sent someone to block it. Even Du Weiping himself was sentenced to prison.
Kong Lingkan, who has always had a good relationship with Du Weiping, was a little panicked:
"Can this Russian son really dare to make ground on the head of Tai Sui Master. "
Facts proved that Kong Lingkan was wrong. With his status, although he could be considered powerful, he could not meet the standard of "Tai Sui Ye".
pic | Jiang Jingguo's office in Shanghai
. Just after Jiang Jingguo detained his warehouse, Kong Lingkan knew that Shanghai could no longer stay in it. He immediately flew to Nanjing and cried to Soung Mei-ling. He threatened to announce Soong Mei-ling's property in the United States, forcing Soong Mei-ling to agree to stand up for himself.
Soung Mei-ling was already dissatisfied with Chiang Ching-kuo's behavior in Shanghai, so he immediately called Chiang Kai-shek, who was in Ping :
"Shanghai is now in chaos, and he is caught and killed everywhere. "
Just before Chiang Kai-shek came back, Soong Mei-ling found Chiang Ching-kuo first and begged him to let Yang's subsidiary go, but Chiang Ching-kuo held the power of life and death, especially at this critical moment, and was unmoved to Soong Mei-ling's plea.
"My father sent me to Shanghai to rectify the financial order. Now he is a small official who cares about the high officials. The people are interested in it. If he bullies the weak and is afraid of the strong, how can he convince the public? "
But Chiang Kai-shek knew very well that he knew his son did nothing wrong, but in the overall situation, he should still strive for unity within.
With Chiang Kai-shek's intervention, Chiang Ching-kuo's "tiger-killing" operation in Shanghai failed. Soon after, Chiang Kai-shek announced in Nanjing that Shanghai's financial control was over.
pic | In 1948, "New Min Daily Evening News" published "Ching-kuo Leaves the General Office"
It is said that when Chiang Ching-kuo came out of Chiang Kai-shek's office, he looked dejected and said repeatedly:
"I can only be filial to my family first, and then be loyal to the country."
left the controlled gold round coupon and depreciated like a wild horse that broke free. It was worthless in just 9 months. Before the liberation of Shanghai, 80 million gold round coupons could be exchanged for a silver dollar.
Jiang Jingguo: "I don't only get tired of seeing it, but also hate it."
Before Jiang Jingguo, the relationship between the Jiang family and the Kong family has always been very good.
The relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Kong Xiangxi is even more in the sky and underground than the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Song Ziwen.
Picture|Kong Xiangxi
A very important reason is that Kong Xiangxi listened to Chiang Kai-shek very much and was basically obedient. Compared with the unobedient Song Ziwen, Chiang Kai-shek valued Kong Xiangxi more. Although Kong Xiangxi was a businessman and was very greedy, he was very loyal, but Chiang Kai-shek was very tolerant of Kong Xiangxi, and sometimes even reached the point of indulgence.
Kong Lingkan was born in such a family since childhood, so he naturally developed a arrogant personality.
It was just that he had experienced the "hunting" in Shanghai, and the Jiang family and the Kong family were There was obvious cracks between them.
Chiang Kai-shek later expressed his dissatisfaction with Kong Lingkan several times in his diary, and criticized Soong Mei-ling for not listening to Kong Lingkan.
Nixon visited Chiang Kai-shek in Taipei.
Nixon's trip was purposeful. To put it simply, it was that Nixon was preparing to participate in the US election and hoped to get Chiang Kai-shek's support.
Chiang Kai-shek, despite having been dealing with the United States for many years, knew that the American political arena was changing and wanted to run for president. , not an easy thing, it requires the support of real money. After Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, his family was already very thin, so he was naturally worried that the money spent was wasted. After thinking about it, he could only ask people close to him to ask about the situation.
pic | Nixon
undoubtedly, Kong Lingkan is the most suitable candidate. Putting aside the relationship between the two families, Kong Lingkan was in charge of the communication and communication between the Chiang Kai-shek regime and the US authorities at the time.
Chiang Kai-shek asked Kong Lingkan:
"Do you think Nixon has a great chance? "
Kong Lingkan shook his head and patted his chest and promised with confidence:
" Nixon could not win the election. "
After hearing Kong Lingkan's words, Chiang Kai-shek ignored Nixon without any concealment, without mentioning his support for Nixon.
But this time, Chiang Kai-shek bet the wrong treasure.
Nixon successfully took the throne of the US president on January 20, 1969, and promoted the breaking of Sino-US relations during his term.
Not only that, but one month later, United Nations held a conference, expelled representatives of Chiang Kai-shek's group and restored Hang 1Hang's legal seat in the United Nations.
Hang Kai-shek was so angry that he cursed in his diary, not only scolding Nixon, but also scolding Kong Lingkan:
"The country has suffered so much that Lingkan's crime is very serious. "
As for Chiang Ching-kuo, the two had formed a bond since the "tiger" incident in Shanghai that year, so that he later did not hide his disgust for Kong Lingkan in his diary.
Picture | Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling
In the spring of 11975, Chiang Kai-shek was seriously ill, and Kong Lingkan made a special trip back from the United States to visit. Chiang Ching-kuo couldn't avoid meeting Kong Lingkan.
html At the end of March, Chiang Ching-kuo wrote this passage in his diary:
" Not only did he get sick, but he also hated him. This person was a lot of public and private. "
In December 11978, the United States announced that it had "severed diplomatic relations" with Taiwan. After the news came, Chiang Ching-kuo felt anxious. He hurriedly wrote a letter to Soong Mei-ling, who was far away in the United States, begging her to mediate the matter.
Chiang Ching-kuo specially sent Yang Xikun to be responsible for communicating with Kong Lingkan beside Soong Mei-ling.
It is unknown what the two sides talked about, but after Yang Xikun came back, he talked about the conversation with Kong Lingkan with Jiang Jing-kuo, which made Chiang Ching-kuo so angry that he cursed in his diary:
" Xikun mentioned the conversation with Kong Lingkan and was extremely angry.Kong was so ruthless and unrighteous, it was not human. It reminded me of how many past events that caused the Confucius Song to harm the country and the family. I didn’t want to settle the old accounts anymore, but how could I forget it! "
Jiang Jingguo's death Kong Lingwei laughed wildly on the spot
It's strange that Chiang Kai-shek and his son hated Kong Lingkan very much, but Soong Mei-ling liked his nephews and nieces very much.
Perhaps because he had no children in his life, Soong Mei-ling always regarded the children born to his brother.
And among the few children, Soong Mei-ling's favorite thing was not Kong Lingkan, but the unruly Kong Lingwei.
Picture | Kong Lingwei
Kong Lingwei is Kong Xiangxi The second daughter of Song Ailing and his wife, so they are called Miss Kong Er. Because they are rich, they have developed a domineering personality since childhood. They have been stubborn since childhood. They like to provoke classmates to fight and fight, and then watch themselves on the wall. They can shoot in their early 10s and learn to drive at the age of thirteen. What’s more important is that Miss Kong Er likes to dress up as a man since she was a child, so when she grew up, she also wears men’s clothes. According to some memoirs, Ms. Kong Er does not wear women’s clothes, she has a big back, or a suit and tie, and wears a top hat; or a merchant dresses, holding a folding fan in her hand, holding a cigar in her mouth, which makes people confused. "
But Soong Mei-ling likes this extraordinary niece very much, and she publicly affirms her in front of others:
" is born bold and arrogant, looks like a girl and a boy, very much like me. "
Because of Soong Mei-ling's excessive pampering, Kong Lingwei was arrogant since childhood, and he also had this personality when he grew up.
Picture | Kong Lingwei, Kong Lingkan and Soong Mei-ling took a photo
Kong Lingwei learned to drive when he was 13 years old, and often ignored traffic control, which made people very headache. Once on the streets of Chongqing at night, Kong Lingwei ignored Japanese air strikes and turned on the car lights to sway the market. He was stopped by the soldiers on duty. He was originally kind-hearted, but Kong Lingwei ignored it at all and directly scolded him. He kicked the accelerator and hit the on-duty soldier on the side of the road. .
Another time was in Nanjing. Kong Lingwei was stopped by the traffic police on duty. After just asking a few questions, the second lady Kong got angry and immediately pulled out her gun and shot the traffic police on the spot.
His arrogant and domineering attitude, even Chiang Kai-shek, Kong Xiangxi and other parents, had no choice but to accommodate it.
Kong Lingwei probably felt that only my aunt Song Meiling could understand her. So she was very close to this aunt.
So From this point of view, from Kong Lingwei's perspective, his disgust towards Chiang Ching-kuo is easy to understand.
Although Soong Mei-ling and Chiang Ching-kuo have a mother-son relationship, the relationship between the two is not harmonious, especially from the fact that it can be seen from the "fighting tigers" in Shanghai. In this matter, Kong Lingwei naturally stood on his aunt's side and felt that Chiang Ching-kuo was too ruthless.
pic | Chiang Ching-kuo
More importantly, Kong Lingwei has been the only one since he was a child, and no one dared to be tough in front of her, but he just faced her. Although Kong Lingwei was angry at Chiang Ching-kuo, he was helpless.
However, although Kong Lingwei was very disgusted with Chiang Ching-kuo, he at least maintained the surface harmony, at least in front of Soong Mei-ling.
Dai Yan had also experienced the right and wrong between the Jiang family and the Kong family, as Chiang Ching-kuo's former personal bodyguard, but later he couldn't help but feel sad:
"The guards, regardless of the right and wrong of the master, if it were not for defending their own family, the grievances of Miss Kong Er and Mr. Jingguo could only remain silent and brought into the coffin. ”
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