October 1 in history. Main events: 1: October 1, 1910 - Jiuguang Railway was opened to traffic. 2: October 1, 1930 - China takes back the Weihaiwei Concession.

October 1 in history

Main events:

1: October 1, 1910 —— Kowloon Railway (British section) (currently MTR East Railway Line ) open to traffic

2: October 1, 1930 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— October 1st —— The People's Republic of China was established

5: October 1st, 2010 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— East Rail Line, originally known as KCR East Rail, is an urban rail transit line within , , the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. It was opened and operated on October 1, 1910, and its representative color is light blue.

MTR East Rail Line travels to the North New Territories District, Yuen Long District, Tai Po District, and Sha Tin District, , Kowloon City District, Yau Tsim Mong District, , Hong Kong Island Central and Western District; starts from Luo Hu Station, , ends at Admiralty Station, , and the branch line starts from Lock Ma Chau Station, , and ends at Sheung Shui Station.

MTR East Railway Line operates at a total length of 46 kilometers. There are 16 stations on the entire line, including 4 elevated stations, 9 ground stations and 3 underground stations. The trains use 9 marshalled trains with a maximum speed of 120 kilometers per hour.

In 1864, Macdonald Stephenson, a British railway engineer who played an important role in the early days of India's railway development, first proposed the idea of ​​building a railway connecting China and Hong Kong. Unfortunately, it was not supported by the Qing government in Beijing and major merchants in Hong Kong at that time. The suggestions were put on hold until 30 years later, and were seriously considered again.

1890s, the European powers competed with each other in China, expanded their powers, and built a railway connecting China and Hong Kong. At that time, the British government was particularly concerned about the competition between and France in , and so it fought with the Qing government to approve a number of railway privileges to the Chinese-British Banking Company. The joint venture was established by Jardine Hutchison and Hong Kong and Shanghai HSBC Bank in the 24th year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1898). The privileges granted include the construction and operation of a railway from Kowloon to Guangzhou.

In the 32nd year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1906), the project of the British section of the Jiulong-Luohu was launched.

In the 33rd year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1907), the Qing government successfully borrowed 1.5 million pounds to build the Guangjiu Railway (Hua Section) from Luohu to Guangzhou.

On October 1, 1910, the Jiuguang Railway (British Section) was opened. There were seven stations in the early stages of opening the traffic, namely Kowloon Station (temporary station), Hung Hom Station (to 1921), Youtuda Teri Station, Shatin Station , Tai Po Station , Tai Po Shu Station (Ban Station before November 1910) and Fanling Station . It was a single-line railway at that time. Except for Kowloon Main Station (Tsim Sha Tsui Station), all stations had two platforms. There are five tunnels along the British section, located north of Yau Ma Tei Station, Bekah Hill, south of , north of March 5, and Tai Po Kau.

On October 8, 1911, the Guangjiu Railway (Hua Section) was opened and the direct train to Guangzhou began to operate.

2

1930-China takes back the Weihaiwei Concession

On 92 years ago today, on October 1, 1930 (August 10, 1930), China takes back the Weihaiwei Concession.

On October 1, 1930, the nine-year article about the settlement of Weihaiwei between China and the United Kingdom ended. The China-UK settlement ceremony was held in front of the Chief Executive Officer of Weihaiwei, Wang Jiazhen, the deputy director of the Chinese Foreign Office and the British Chief Executive Officer in Weihaiwei, and Johnston , in front of the Chief Executive Officer of Weihaiwei in the UK. Weihaiwei, which had been colonized for 32 years in Britain, finally returned to China. At the handover ceremony officially held in the morning, Johnston, the British Minister of Weihai Guard, who had served as the teacher of Emperor Xuantong, summoned the Navy and the Scottish Marines to hold a parting parade.

Weihaiwei is located at the northeast end of Shandong Peninsula . Weihai City. It is a coastal defense center, bordering the Yellow Sea in the Pacific Ocean. It is a 100 kilometers away from Yantai and Qingdao. It is connected to Ninghaizhou in the west (now Muping), about 100 kilometers away from Penglai, and is separated from the north by Bohai Strait and the Lushunkou of the Liaodong Peninsula. It forms a triangle. It is the Pacific Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea in the Pacific. It is a key to guard the Beijing-Tianjin maritime portal ( Weihai is about 1,000 miles away from Beijing-Tianjin). Weihaiwei was originally a coastal fishing village, known as Shiluo in the Han Dynasty.

Weihai City is located at the eastern end of the Shandong Peninsula, located at 36°41′～37°35′ north latitude and 121°11′～122°42′ east longitude. It is bordered by the Yellow Sea on three sides of the north and southeast, opposite to the Liaodong Peninsula in the north, across the sea from the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago in the east and southeast, and bordering to the Yantai City in the west. The maximum horizontal distance between east and west is 135 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance between north and south is 81 kilometers, with a total area of ​​5,435 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 731 square kilometers. The coastline is 985.9 kilometers long.

In 1898, the UK passed the "China-British Special Agreement on Renting Weihaiwei", and Weihaiwei became its colony.

In December 1921, the Chinese government representative proposed to return the place of leased in China at the Washington Conference. Since then, the Chinese government has started eight years of negotiations with the British government on the issue of the Weihaiwei Concession.

In June 1924, 29 articles of the "Weihaiwei Special Agreement" were signed. Later, Cao Kun fell, and the British government took the opportunity to shelve the case. The negotiations were not resumed until June 1930.

On October 1, 1930, China took back the Weihaiwei, which was forcibly leased by the UK for 32 years. On that day, the ceremony of the Chinese and British settlement of Weihaiwei was held in front of the British Chief Executive Office of Weihaiwei. At that time, China's deputy diplomatic minister and commissioner of Weihaiwei, Wang Jiazhen, and the British Chief Executive of Weihaiwei, attended the Weihaiwei settlement ceremony at the same time.

3

1946-1946-Changchun Film Studio was established

On 76 years ago today, on October 1, 1946 (September 7, 1946), Changchun Film Studio was established.

On October 1, 1946, Changchun Film Studio was established. It is referred to as " Changying ", and was formerly known as Northeast Film Studio , and was changed to its current name in 1955. This is the first large-scale comprehensive film studio established under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the cradle of films in New China. Changying set six "firsts": the first puppet film, the first cartoon, the first science and education film, the first short feature film, the first feature film and the first translated film were all born in Changying.

4

October 1, 1949——The People's Republic of China was established

73 years ago today, on October 1, 1949 (August 10, 1949), the People's Republic of China was established.

At 2 pm, the Central People's Government Committee held its first meeting in Beijing. Chairman Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching Ling , Li Jishen, Zhang Lan and all members were sworn in. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was officially established.

At 3 pm, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was grandly held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly declared to the world that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today. Zhu De read out the order of the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army of China : "All commanders and staff of the People's Liberation Army of China insist on implementing all orders from the Central People's Government and the great people's leader Chairman Mao, quickly eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang's reactionary army, liberate all unliberated territory, and at the same time eliminate bandits and all other counter-revolutionary bandits, and suppress all their resistance and trouble."

Then, Nie Rongzhen took the pilot car and led the parade troops to accept reviews from the leaders of the party and state such as Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai.The troops on parade were composed of more than 16,400 officers and soldiers, including the 199th Infantry Division of the People's Liberation Army, the 4th Artillery Division, the 3rd Cavalry Division, the 619th Regiment of the 207th Independent Division, a flight squadron of the Air Force, and representatives of the naval forces. A total of 17 aircraft, artillery 119 gates, tanks and armored vehicles, 222 cars, and 2,344 horses.

5 pm, the People's Republic of China held the founding ceremony .

5

October 1, 2010—The Chang'e-2 satellite was successfully launched in Xichang

October 1, 2010 at 18:59:57, the Long March 3C carrier rocket carrying the Chang'e-2 satellite was ignited and launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center .

The technical pilot star " Chang'e-2 " of China's lunar exploration project phase II was launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on the evening of the 1st. After 1533 seconds of flight, Chang'e-2 achieved star-arrow separation, and satellite entered orbit.

"Chang'e-2" satellite has carried out technological improvements and adaptive transformations based on China's first lunar exploration satellite, Chang'e-1, backup satellite. Its main goal is to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface for the second phase of the " Chang'e-3 " mission of China's lunar exploration project, verify some key technologies, and conduct high-resolution imaging of the pre-selected lunar rainbow bay landing area of ​​the "Chang'e-3", and continue to carry out lunar science exploration and research.

The Long March 3C launch vehicle with two boosters is a Chinese "Long March 3A" launch vehicle series. For this space launch, the mission of the "Long March 3C" launch vehicle is to send the "Chang'e-2" satellite into a direct lunar orbit with a perigee altitude of 200 kilometers and a average altitude of about 380,000 kilometers.