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Famous artists and Nanyue ⑪
100-episode documentary "Mountain and River Years" has been popular on CCTV recently, showing the extraordinary history written by revolutionary martyrs over the past century, and has attracted much attention from party history researchers and the public.
Episode 18 "The Long March on the Secret Front", restores the process of the former senior Kuomintang Guangdong general Mo Xiong, Communist Party members Xiang Yunian, Lu Zhiying and others working together to convey the top secret information of the Kuomintang's fifth "encirclement and suppression" and saving the Red Army .
Recently, a reporter from Yangcheng Evening News interviewed Mo Xiong's descendants and party history scholars, and deeply pursued the thrilling and little-known "battles" he participated in before the founding of New China.
Mo Xiong is a native of Yingde, Guangdong, an old senior of 11 Revolution, a senior official and general of the Kuomintang. He has established contact with the Communist Party of China since the 1930s. In addition to the above-mentioned "secret" feat of saving the Red Army, Mo Xiong also cooperated with the Communist Party of China to fight against Japan during the War of Resistance Against Japan and released the arrested Communist Party members.
In his later years, he wrote a memoir with the help of his young son Mo Dongliang. He compiled the book "Memories of Mo Xiong" by the three-level CPPCCs of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City and Yingde County. In 1991, he was published by Guangdong People's Publishing House .
16-year-old Guangdong Army "tiger general" who joined Tongmenghui
Mo Xiong was born in Shaoguan in 1891, and his ancestral home is Yingde, Guangdong. He was poor since childhood and was once a cattle-herder in the village. Later, because of his outstanding physique, he was taken to work as a young man at the Shishi Catholic Church in Guangzhou.
As he grew older and his knowledge, Mo Xiong became more and more disgusted with the corruption of the Qing government, worried about the country and the people, and accepted Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thoughts. At the age of 16, he joined the Tongmenghui and undertaken the task of invading the Qing Dynasty's new army. Since then, he has been following the Sun Yat-sen Revolution and is valued by Mr. Zhongshan. In 1923, he was entrusted with the important position of brigade commander of the independent brigade.
Although Mo Xiong is not tall, he is brave and good at fighting. He is a famous "tiger general" in the Guangdong Army. After Chen Jiongming launched a mutiny, in 1925, Sun Yat-sen began to command the first eastern expedition of to attack Chen's troops entrenched in the areas of Dongjiang and Hanjiang . Mo Xiong was appointed as the brigade commander of the 3rd Brigade of the Second Division of the Guangdong Army. During this period, he made many military achievements and was famous.
Mo Xiong said that during the first Eastern Expedition to attack Chen Jiongming's troops, many Communist Party members joined the army, and their spirit of moving forward bravely and not afraid of sacrifice left a deep impression on him.
Mo Xiong was very dissatisfied with the policy of Chiang Kai-shek to cultivate his own descendants and exclude dissidents. After the murder of Liao Zhongkai in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek took the opportunity to seize the military power of Guangdong general Xu Chongzhi. Mo Xiong's troops were also charged with "counter-revolutionary" by Chiang Kai-shek and dismissed on the spot.
Do what is beneficial to the Communist Party, so try your best to do
In 1930, Mo Xiong went to Shanghai to follow Song Ziwen . Under the introduction of his old subordinate Liu Yafo, he met Yan Xichun , Xiang Yu Nian, Huakezhi , Lu Zhiying and others, and joined the special department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, becoming the key united front target of the special department of .
Hua Kezhi wrote about his relationship with Mo Xiong in "A little memory of the second half of his life": "Sometimes we went to his house for dinner and talked about domestic current affairs. In terms of his status, we were already a senior officer at that time, but he had no bureaucratic airs, and anyone could talk to him..."
Later, Mo Xiong realized that these friends were all members of the Communist Party of China. He recalled: "They (referring to the members of the Communist Party of China) often guided me with revolutionary principles. Introduce me to the October Revolution in Russia... to promote the revolutionary program of the Communist Party of China."
Under this subtle influence, Mo Xiong made an application to join the Communist Party of China. Li Kenong, who was one of the leaders of the Shanghai Communist Party organization at the time, replied to him after consideration:
"You are an old senior of the revolution and a loyal believer of Mr. Sun. Your participation in the Communist Party's request is welcome.The organization believes that you are experienced in the Kuomintang and have a wide range of social interactions. Therefore, to facilitate work, it is better not to join the party for the time being... Although you are not a member of the Communist Party of China, the party needs you to do what you can and what you can do, so please help solve it. If you think it is beneficial to the party, you should do your best. If you can do these two things, we will be very satisfied. ”
Mo Xiong kept this in mind for the rest of his life and recorded this passage in detail in his memoir.
Mo Xiong was always looking for opportunities to help the Communist Party. In 1934, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the administrative inspector of the Kuomintang's fourth district in northern Jiangxi and the security commander of the "Suppression of the Communist Party" in northern Jiangxi. Following the letter of appointment, there were two blank organizational forms, which gave him the authority to organize and employ people by himself.
Mo Xiong realized that this was a great opportunity to cooperate with the Communist Party, so he went to Shanghai to find friends from the Communist Party, contacted Liu Yafo, Xiang Yunian, Lu Zhiying and other group of Communist Party members, and asked them to secretly Entering his headquarters to lurk.
10,000 dangerous situations, conveying "iron barrel" intelligence
In September 1933, Chiang Kai-shek summoned 500,000 troops to launch the fifth "encirclement and suppression" of an unprecedented scale on Central Revolutionary Base , directly pointing to Ruijin , the capital of the Central Soviet Area. Due to the wrong guidance of "left" adventurism, Central Red Army was frustrated in the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression operation, and only seven or eight counties remained in the central base area.
1 At the turn of summer and autumn in 934, Chiang Kai-shek held a military meeting at the Lushan Officer Training Corps in Nanchang to deploy "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Area and other revolutionary bases. Mo Xiong, as a senior general of the Kuomintang, attended the meeting many times. At the meeting,
, German military adviser Hans von Seckett proposed a carefully prepared tactical plan for "iron barrel encirclement". Chiang Kai-shek personally issued this combat plan to the commanders of each division. The meeting listed in detail the troops arrangement, encirclement chart, offensive route, combat sequence and other contents of the "encirclement and suppression" plan.
"Mo Xiong's Memoir" describes the plan of "Iron Barrel Encirclement and Suppression" as follows:
"The map is divided into many grids with numbers, which unit or unit must reach a certain position specified on the map at any time and where...As soon as the encirclement is completed, each unit will advance 7-8 miles to Ruijin Center every day according to the order. For every 1 mile (0.5 kilometers) of advance, a barbed wire is laid, and a bunker line is built every 5 kilometers..."
"The conference documents are tall and weigh one or two kilograms. In addition to the committee icons, plans, instructions, etc., there are also booklets compiled by Chiang Kai-shek's quotations and instructions. "This plan is intended to completely destroy the Central Soviet Area, with careful consideration and viciousness, and the situation is extremely dangerous!
Mo Xiong did not hesitate at all. He resolutely took huge risks and put the conference documents into his large briefcase with him and hurried down the mountain. He immediately discussed with Liu Yafo, Lu Zhiying, Xiang and Nian, and expressed that he must pass the information to the Party Central Committee, "I will bear the big things! "At a critical moment, they first sent the meeting on Lushan to Ruijin in an emergency telegram. The details of the other plan were written secretly in several books " Student Dictionary ", and were sent to Ruijin by Xiang Yu Nian, who was familiar with the local dialect.
Jiangxi is an inland province with many mountains and rivers. Under the backward traffic conditions at that time, they could only walk. From De'an to Ruijin, you need to go through Yongxi h 8 cities and counties including tml4, Xinjian, Nanchang , Fengcheng , Chongren , Le'an , Ningdu , Shicheng , etc., also face many blockades from the enemy. The closer to the direction of Ruijin in southern Gan, the stricter the blockade.
The top-secret information provided by Mo Xiong is defined by our party as "an intelligence related to the fate of the Red Army", providing key information and basis for the central government to make major decisions on strategic transfer. Through this joint efforts to transmit information, the friendship between Mo Xiong and Xiang and Nian became deeper and maintained until their old age.
At Mo Dongliang's home today, there are many photos and letters of his father and Xiang Yu Nian. He pointed to one of the yellowed photos and highlighted the reporter:
"This photo was taken in Beijing in 1956. Comrade Liang Mingde, then deputy director of the Liaoning Provincial Procuratorate, (formerly known as Xiang Yu Nian) was entrusted by Comrade Li Kenong, the chief of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army, to invite Mo Xiong to go to Beijing to attend the National Day celebration. His father happily went there, and this photo of him and Uncle Xiang was taken at the end of the ceremony." Mo Dongliang said.
without a single shot, helping the Red Army cross the long 25,000 miles of long march. The Red Army was repeatedly surrounded and intercepted by the Kuomintang during its march. In 1935, Mo Xiong was ordered to be transferred from Jiangxi to Guizhou, Guizhou Bijie, at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, and served as the security commander and administrative inspector of the "Suppression of the Communist Party".
He transferred his original Jiangxi team to Guizhou together, in the name of "suppressing the Communist Party" and carried out the reality of covering up. In addition to covering the safe transfer of a large number of Red Army wounded and sick, Mo Xiong also did his best to let the army go. In early 1936, the Second and Sixth Corps of the Red Army moved towards the directions of Qianxi , Dading (now known as Dafang), and Bijie . He ordered his troops to retreat to the ravine more than ten miles outside the city, so that the Red Army could pass through Bijie City without any injuries.
Chiang Kai-shek was furious when he learned about this. He ordered people to detain Mo Xiong and detain him in the Nanjing Military Law Office for the crime of "communist communism". The local reactionary public opinion in Guizhou also clamored. Mo Dongliang later discovered a "Guizhou Review" (Issue 15) from the 25th year of the Republic of China, with the words "Strictly prose Mo Xiong" written on it. On the occasion of commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution in 2011, he added these newly discovered historical materials and some historical photos of Mo Xiong into the "Memoirs" reprinted by Guangdong People's Publishing House.
In 1936, Chiang Kai-shek was imprisoned for a full 150 days and was later released on bail.
1937, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated for the second time, forming a new situation for the whole nation to resist Japan. In order to quell the bandits in Nanxiong, Mo Xiong was appointed by the Kuomintang government to go to the Beijiang area of Guangdong Province and served as the county magistrate of Nanxiong County. In this office, Mo Xiong tried to release two or three hundred Communist Party members and Red Army soldiers who were arrested and detained in the border areas of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxiong at the request of the Communist Party organization.
From "Brother Mo" to "old friend and old comrade of the Party"
Mo Xiong is well-known in Northern Guangdong , and people respectfully call him "Brother Mo". In the early morning of October 22, 1938, the Japanese invading army occupied Guangzhou. In order to maintain the stability of the rear of the anti-Japanese war in northern Guangdong, Mo Xiong served as commander of the Beijiang Advance Column (hereinafter referred to as "Bei Xing") in the Fourth War Zone. After Mo Xiong took office, he quickly reached an agreement with the Beijiang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China to cooperate in anti-Japanese war.
"In early 1940, the Beijiang Special Committee organized more than 40 party members and progressive young people to come to the 'Bei Ting' through various channels (for several years, it has sent Mo Xiong's troops and the party developed there, and established a special branch of the party..." Mo Xiong's comrade Zhu Xiaozhong at the time, served as vice chairman of the Guangdong Science and Technology Association after the founding of New China. He mentioned this experience in his recollection article "There is such a rare old friend - Recalling General Mo Xiong's deeds of unity and cooperation with our party during the War of Resistance Against Japan."
, including Zhu Xiaozhong, Rao Hua, Kuang Da , Huang Tonghua, He Juncai, Lin Mingxun and many other members of the Communist Party of China were lurking in Moxiong's troops at that time.
post-0 "Bei Ting" was changed to "Beijiang Advance Team Cadre Training Institute" (referred to as "Care Training Institute") . From the observation of his work style, Mo Xiong realized that Huang Tonghua and others were likely to be Communists, and he still confidently handed over the organizational power of the training center to them, and they found objects and organized training. Later, the troops were reorganized, Mo Xiong was appointed commander, and Huang Tonghua also served as his deputy commander.
These Communist Party members who work in Moxiong’s army help officers and soldiers understand the situation in their thoughts and strengthen their confidence in fighting against Japan; help Moxiong rectify his troops, improve his prestige, and expand social influence in his work. Through Mo Xiong's relationship, the party organization rescued the arrested party members and raised funds for activities, creating conditions for establishing the people's anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Party. After the Japanese army surrendered, most of the personnel of Moxiong Command followed Huang Tonghua, He Juncai and others up the mountain and raised the flag of the Communist Party.
When Guangzhou was about to be liberated in 1949, Mo Xiong was chased by the Kuomintang because of his suspicion of "communist communism", and was forced to flee to Hong Kong alone to hide. In October, after the liberation of Guangzhou, Ye Jianying, the first secretary of the South China Branch of the CPC Central Committee, repeatedly inquire about Mo Xiong's whereabouts. When he learned that he was living in Hong Kong, he immediately sent someone to invite him back to Guangdong with his own handwritten letter.
After Mo Xiong returned to Guangdong, he was appointed as the director of the Beijiang Public Security Committee by the South China Branch of the CPC Central Committee, assisting the CCP in eliminating reactionary armed forces and bandits in the Beijiang District, creating conditions for stabilizing social security in northern Guangdong and carrying out a land reform movement. Since then, Mo Xiong has served as deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Advisory Office, vice chairman of the 5th Guangdong Provincial CPPCC and member of the 5th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
After the founding of New China, Mo Xiong's career in political affairs, he was affectionately called "an old friend and old comrade of the Party" by the leaders of the Communist Party of China many times. In his self-report, he said emotionally: "Nothing makes me feel more honored and proud than the title of 'old friend and old comrade of the Party'."
[Interview]
They all helped the revolution with practical actions
Zeng Qingliu
(Research on the Literary and Historical Materials of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, former director of the Party History Research Office of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and professor of the Party School of Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China)
Yangcheng Evening News: How should we evaluate Mo Xiong today? What are the main aspects of his help to the Communist Party of China?
Zeng Qingliu: Mo Xiong has done a lot of useful work for the revolution. He is a famous local powerful person in Guangdong who has been standing on the anti-Chiang front for a long time. After Liao Zhongkai was assassinated on August 20, 1925, Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek took over the Guangdong regime. Mo Xiong was a general of the Guangdong Army at that time. Chiang exclusion and crackdown on dissidents in the name of investigating and prosecution of the "Liao case" and purging the "illegal" army.
Many generals of the Guangdong Army were rejected and attacked, and Mo Xiong's army was disarmed and incorporated. This was the beginning of his journey toward Chiang Kai-shek. It can be said that the anti-Chiang faction in the national revolutionary camp was created by Chiang Kai-shek himself, and the result of his dictatorship and exclusion of dissidents.
Of course, this is also the basis for Mo Xiong to pursue progress step by step and cooperate with the Communist Party. During the Red Army period, Mo Xiong took great risks to send intelligence to the Red Army. For a long time later, he stood on the side of sympathy and support for the revolution. After the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance, after the work of Communist Party member Gu Dacun, Mo Xiong also released a group of "political prisoners" imprisoned in Nanxiong's prison and helped the revolution with practical actions.
When the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee carried out the anti-Japanese united front work, Mo Xiong was a very important object. In addition, non-party members such as the 19th Route Army's anti-Japanese patriotic general Zhang Yan, who served as the commander of the Fourth Advance Column of the Seventh War Zone, and Chen Rutang, who established the Fourth Route Army's nursing cadre training class, have all cooperated with the Communist Party.
Yangcheng Evening News: "History of the Communist Party of China in Guangdong (Volume 1)" edited by you. Why did it specifically introduce the united front work carried out by our party against Mo Xiong and other non-party members during the War of Resistance Against Japan?
Zeng Qingliu: The famous party history scholar Hu Sheng believes that at that time, there were a large number of "middle forces" between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The key reason why the Chinese revolution won was that the Communist Party fought for "middle forces". This inspired us and felt that the study of party history should not be carried out in isolation, but should pay attention to and strengthen the study of how the "middle forces" are transformed.
Therefore, we pay attention to collecting information from progressive people at that time like Mo Xiong, Wu Guanqi, Zhang Yan, Chen Rutang, as well as the situation of Deng Yanda, Li Jishen in the earlier stages, and later Situ Meitang in and others, and strive to sort out their connection with the party and their calling by the party, and make appropriate comments on their contribution to the Chinese revolution.
Yangcheng Evening News: What is the significance of on the research and sorting out non-party people represented by Mo Xiong who once helped our party in the study of party history and education of party history?
Zeng Qingliu: The historical activities of the Communist Party of China are not isolated. The Communist Party survives and acts among the people. To understand the party’s history, we must understand the surrounding situation. There is still a lot of room for research now, such as Tan Pingshan . This is a person with a lot of experience, but we still don’t have a comprehensive understanding of him now.
Yangcheng Evening News: 期13期3期3期4. What role did the progressive forces outside the Party play in the construction of Communist Party organizations and the victory of the revolution during the democratic revolution?
Zeng Qingliu: has a great effect. Mo Xiong’s work for the Party at various times has become clearer, and like Chen Rutang, he is a true friend of our Party. Chen Rutang was originally a doctor. He established the "Supervising Cadre Training Class of the Fourth Route Army Military Medical Office" (hereinafter referred to as the Nursing Cadre Class) and accepted a group of party members and backbones sent by the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Under the leadership of Chen Rutang, the students of the nursing cadre class went deep into the war zone, saved lives and helped the wounded, and actively participated in the Anti-Japanese War.
There are more than one person like Chen Rutang, but a large number of them have done a lot of work on the establishment and development of the Party.
[Extension]
Chen Rutang:
Medical anti-Japanese "Bolsheviks"
Chen Rutang, a wise man from Guangdong, followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen's revolution in his early years. In 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, kicking off the Chinese nation's comprehensive war of resistance. As a famous military doctor and a progressive anti-Japanese war in the Kuomintang headquarters, Chen Rutang accepted the proposal of the Communist Party of China and organized the establishment of the Fourth Route Army Nursing Cadre Training Class (hereinafter referred to as the "Care Cadre Class") in Guangzhou. There are more than 350 students in the nursing cadre class of
, and its purpose is to train battlefield rescue and primary medical personnel. Chen Rutang, who came from a family of traditional Chinese medicine, personally taught classes to the students of the nursing class and participated in the discussions in the class, inspiring the students to explore the truth, improve their ideological awareness, and understand the political revolution responsibility of transforming old China.
After the fall of Guangzhou in October 1938, the nursing cadre squad was reorganized into the Relief Corps of the Guangdong Provincial Relief Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Relief Corps). Chen Rutang served as the head teacher and captain of the corps. The Communist Party of China has established secret party branches, party groups or dispatched party members in various teams, with nearly 80 Communist Party members.
Under the leadership of Chen Rutang, the students of the nursing cadre class walked out of the school and actively participated in the anti-Japanese work.
This team, through the political education of the Party, the careful training of Chen Rutang, and the training in the battle, shared the same hatred of the enemy in the anti-Japanese struggle and was full of fighting spirit. When enemy planes bombed Guangzhou, they rushed to the sea of fireworks to save lives and help the wounded; when the Japanese invaded Guangdong, they drove to Zengcheng front line to kill the enemy bravely and sprinkled blood in Zhucun; then they turned to the east, west, Beijiang and South Road and other places, went deep into the enemy's back, gave medical treatment, helped refugees, and rescued children; they also went deep into grassroots rural areas, developed revolutionary forces, and shot the spark of armed struggle on demand.
When the Japanese invaded Guangzhou, there were more than 50 cadets in Zhu Village, Zengcheng. They were the first victims to fight against the Japanese army and defend Guangzhou.
Under special historical conditions, Chen Rutang has done a lot of work for the Communist Party of China and is called the "Bolsheviks outside the Party." In the anti-communist countercurrent created by the Kuomintang diehards , this team has always insisted on the struggle and made important contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. (For more news, please follow Yangchengpai pai.ycwb.com)
Cooperation website: Guangdong Provincial CPPCC "Literature and History Guangdong" http://www.gdwsw.gov.cn/
Source | Yangcheng Evening News • Yangchengpai
Editor | Deng Qiong Yang Yiyun
Proofreading | Yao Yi
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