This is not only an incredible miracle in the history of China's politics, but also an incredible miracle in the history of world politics, especially when Deng Xiaoping made his third comeback, he was 73 years old.

On January 29, 1979, at the state banquet where President Carter welcomed Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping said: "If an Olympic Award is set up for those who make a comeback in politics, I am qualified to win the gold medal."

This is not only an incredible miracle in the history of China's politics, but also an incredible miracle in the history of world politics, especially when Deng Xiaoping made his third comeback, he was 73 years old.

Without this "three falls and three rises", there is definitely no Deng Xiaoping who came later.

"First Fall": The taste of starving

Deng Xiaoping worked near Qili Village for a period of time. Deng Xiaoping’s deepest memory of this stage may be hunger.

1931, 27-year-old Deng Xiaoping came to the politically shady Soviet Area to serve as the secretary of the Ruijin County Party Committee.

1931's Ruijin is geographically sandwiched between the two major movements of Fujian West Anti-Social Democratic Party and Ji'an Catching the "AB Corps". It is a severely affected area of ​​the expansion of the anti-counterfeiting. Before Deng Xiaoping came to work, countless people were killed by mistake.

This cannot but reminds people of the chaotic situation of the "Cultural Revolution" that Deng Xiaoping faced when he made his second comeback.

The first time to "remedy the chaos"

The old cadre in the Soviet area that year, Liu Jiaqi, remembered the past clearly: "When I first met Comrade Xiaoping, I was 19 years old. Before Xiaoping came, more than 100 "social parties" were killed on a mountain opposite the county town, and more cadres were imprisoned, and the whole county was panicked."

According to his recollection, as soon as Deng Xiaoping took office, he immediately began to stop the expansion of the anti-counterfeiting, and publicly punished the former county party secretary who made serious mistakes in the anti-counterfeiting process, and released more than 300 unjust cadres who were detained.

At the same time, Deng Xiaoping also quickly corrected the "left" error in land reform. At that time, land policies such as "left-leaning" opportunistic "landlords do not divide land" and "rich peasants divide bad land" have been conveyed in the Soviet area, but Deng Xiaoping emphasized that the interests of middle peasants should not be violated, nor should he attack the rich peasants too much.

Liu Liang, deputy director of Ruijin Municipal Party History Office, had made special research on this. He said that this should be the first large-scale "remedy" in Deng Xiaoping's political career. Liu Liang believes that the young Deng Xiaoping "remedy the trouble" from both superstructure and economic foundation, which is related to his two "remaining the trouble" more than 40 years later.

The old man from Liujia Qi still remembers the scene of Deng Xiaoping squatting on the bench and eating with them: "Comrade Xiaoping is the same as what we eat. When Xiaoping sees who have too many sweet potatoes in the bowl, he will happily pick up a chopstick in his bowl. He also taught me to aim and shoot. Walking on the road, when I saw me from a distance, I shouted, "Can you come on, come on, how are you doing your work? Do you have any shooting skills? Growing up?’ Everyone likes Comrade Xiaoping very much.”

The victim of the "left" route

1932, after Deng Xiaoping, who had achieved remarkable political achievements, continued to resist the "left" route erroneously. At that time, Deng Xiaoping was undoubtedly an alternative.

Review of the official newspaper "Struggle" of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area at that time, and you can find clues about Xiaoping's "first fall".

2 On February 23, the third issue of "Struggle" publicly criticized Deng Xiaoping and the Huichang Central County Party Committee for making the mistake of "pure defense line". After the article was published, under pressure from Bogu and others, the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, which was secretary by Li Fuchun, transferred Deng Xiaoping to the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee located in Qili Village, Ningdu County, and served as the Minister of Propaganda of the Provincial Party Committee. Experts believe that in fact, this is Li Fuchun's protection of Deng Xiaoping.

The decision-makers of the "left" line decided to continue to "criticize Deng". Liu Jiaqi recalled: "We were surprised when we heard the news that Xiaoping was criticized. The comrades were very sad. Everyone said that if it weren't for Comrade Xiaoping, we would have been wiped out. However, we all dared to be angry but did not dare to speak out at that time."

3, Deng Xiaoping was publicly criticized by Bo Gu and Zhang Wentian; on April 15, the article "Luo Ming's Route in Jiangxi" was published in the eighth issue of "Struggle", marking "opportunistic leadership led by Deng Xiaoping" as the main representative of the "Luo Ming's Route" in Jiangxi; on May 5, at the work summary meeting of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee chaired by the Provisional Central Committee and the Central Bureau, the "Resolution of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee on the Second Statement of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun, and Gu Bai's Fourth Comrades", Deng Xiaoping was dismissed from his post and handed over his gun, and gave him a gun. The party was punished with a "final serious warning".

The review letter that Deng Xiaoping was forced to write can only be found now. However, from the article "Take a look at Comrade Deng Xiaoping's Self-criticism" published in "Struggle", we can see that Deng Xiaoping only admitted that there were mistakes and shortcomings in his work and resolutely did not admit to participating in the escape route and anti-party organizations. "No matter how cruel they fought or what measures they took, I firmly believe that I was implementing the correct route of Marxism, and that the correct ones must be persisted. "

"I can't eat enough, I'm so hungry"

After criticism, Deng Xiaoping was delegated to the near the front line, and "renovation" of the grassroots of Le'an County . In less than 10 days, the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China believed that "Deng Xiaoping should not be placed there. Right-leaning escapeists should be placed on the front line. Isn't it easier to go to the enemy?"

What awaits Deng Xiaoping is greater suffering. He was arranged to "squat" in Shijie Village, Laicun District, Ningdu County. In fact, it is just Be an ordinary township cadre.

During the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping returned here during the decentralization period.

After that, Deng Xiaoping worked near Qili Village for a period of time. At this stage, Deng Xiaoping's deepest memory may be hunger.

Local Soviet cadre Wei Xiuying wrote in his self-reported book: "After Comrade Deng Xiaoping was dismissed, he worked in a village in Ningdu . He said to me: 'Tell Sister Cai, I can't eat enough here and I'm so hungry. ’I went back and told Sister Cai that Sister Cai asked me to go to her drawer to see if there was any money left. I found two points in total, and Li Fuchun also found two points. Sister Cai asked me to go out to buy lard for two cents and the rest of the money was garlic and chili. I cooked a basin of dry food and asked me to come to Comrade Xiaoping. I told us to enter through the back door of the kitchen, and I ran back to the countryside and told Xiaoping. We went into the kitchen one after another, and Sister Cai asked me to watch at the back door again..." It was not uncommon for criticizing the object of criticism to eat enough at that time.

In the long life of the future, Deng Xiaoping suffered such "left" persecution many times. Perhaps it is not difficult to understand why in his later years, he emphasized that he should be vigilant against the right, and more importantly, to prevent "left". Does his personal feelings about hunger also hide his ideological basis for implementing rural reforms and advocating household contract responsibility?

Deng Xiaoping was later detained in a dark and wet detention room at the headquarters of the General Political Department of the Red Army of Ruijin. However, in the face of the so-called "route struggle", his wife Jin Weiying came to the detention room with a divorce report "shearing tears" and asked Deng Xiaoping to sign the divorce report. In order to prevent his wife from being implicated, Deng Xiaoping resolutely signed the divorce report in pain.

"However, he never talked about the blow he suffered at that time, and I think he was very arrogant. "Zhang Wentian's wife Liu Ying recalled, "He still insisted on his opinion of this person and insisted on it, and finally proved that he was right. ”

Deng Xiaoping's situation improved during the Hong Kong General Political Department of the Red Army. He took the initiative to ask for some practical work and presided over the compilation and printing of the Red Star News.

Hong Kong Central, in the west of Ruijin City, you can find the former site of the Red Army General Political Department at that time. Walking up the ridge of the field, you can see two white houses standing on the paddy fields from afar. The larger one is the former site of the General Political Department, and the smaller one is the residence of Li De, a military consultant of the Communist International , in Ruijin, known as the "independent house". The two houses are only a hundred meters apart.

Deng Xiaoping's bedroom and editorial department of the Red Star News are in the second room on the right hand of the white house.There are beds and stools in the room. It is here that Xiaoping, who was in the trough of life, wrote the "Red Star Newspaper" himself, and wrote the "Red Star Newspaper" himself. It was published every 5 days on average, and more than 70 issues were written in total. Even a year later, the publication was not stopped. It was not until the Zunyi Conference that Deng Xiaoping was transferred from the "Red Star Newspaper" and was appointed as the secretary-general of the central government, completing the "first start" of his life.

The "second start" created by the "first fall"

During the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping was defeated for the second time and was deported to the Xinjian County Tractor Repair Factory north of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province for work.

In August 1972, Mao Zedong issued an instruction saying that Comrade Deng Xiaoping "was punished in the Central Soviet Area." Deng Xiaoping would not have thought that history would give him compensation in 40 years. Mao Zedong remembered his "first fall" for 40 years.

In December 1972, Deng Xiaoping, who insisted on going to Beijing to "take a look" before going to Gannan to "take a look", obviously realized the connection between history. When visiting Mao Zedong's former residence in Huichang at that time, Deng Xiaoping said with deep emotion: "Chairman Mao was also excluded!"

Deng Xiaoping's daughter Maomao Later in the book "My Father Deng Xiaoping: Years of the Cultural Revolution" believed that the reason why Deng Xiaoping was appointed by Mao Zedong after his second downfall was, in addition to factors such as Mao's belief that Deng's "rare talents", "the 'Deng, Mao, Xie, Gu' incident in the 1930s was indeed an important factor that cannot be ignored."

"Second fall": Old Deng worked as a fitter

"'Are there any Red Guards here?' He went into the factory and looked around and said this was this." Tao Duan, who took Deng Xiaoping to the tractor repair factory in Xinjian County, Jiangxi that year, recalled.

At that time, this county-run factory was in military establishment, and Tao Duan was a platoon leader, equivalent to the current workshop director, managing more than 40 people.

"I told him that our workshop is dominated by old workers and there are no Red Guards. Don't worry about working in my workshop in the future. The workers are very disciplined."

"He nodded: 'Okay, okay.'" said Tao Duan, 67, now.

called him "Old Deng"

In 1966, the "Cultural Revolution" demanded the overthrow of "a small group of ruling factions in the party led by Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, who were on the capitalist path." President Liu Shaoqi was eventually persecuted to death, and after Deng Xiaoping was removed from his post, he was transferred to a new towing factory in October 1969 to work.

That time, Tao Duantou met Deng Xiaoping, "Although I haven't seen him before, I know his name. He is a high-ranking official and the head of the central government." In the following three years and five months, Platoon Leader Tao and him "worked together every day."

"In the political environment at that time, when he came to our factory, we were also very nervous in our minds," he recalled.

The factory leader at that time Luo Peng was a subordinate of Deng Xiaoping when he led his troops to fight in Taihang Mountain . The old leader is coming. The Party Secretary and the Revolutionary Committee Director believed that "he should be given a calm environment", so he cleaned up all the big-character posters in the factory that "destroyed Liu and Deng" and other slogans that "will stimulate Deng Xiaoping".

Platoon Leader Tao said: "If it weren't for him (Luo Peng), we wouldn't be sure of many things, including what we call Deng Xiaoping."

Finally, Luo Peng told the workers that he had no bad intentions even if he called him "Old Deng".

When the fitter works, he is a good job of doing his job

It took quite a lot of trouble to arrange what Lao Deng does. Platoon Leader Tao initially asked the 65-year-old "central chief" to clean parts with oil, which was also the lightest job in the workshop. But he soon discovered that Deng Xiaoping had to squat and do this for a long time, and he couldn't get up even after he was working. After changing

several times, Deng Xiaoping finally had a fixed job: fitter. This is exactly the craft that Deng Xiaoping learned at the Renault Automobile Factory in France when he was young.

Platoon Leader of Tao gave Deng Xiaoping a pair of work gloves and placed another chair next to him so that he could sit while resting while working.

Workers originally thought that people like Deng Xiaoping came to the factory to work just a form, but they did not expect that "labor is real labor". They came on time and left at that time, and rarely rested during the hot days. They didn't drink a sip of water, and sweated all over the place when they were cold and hot. Deng Xiaoping said to the platoon leader Tao who advised him to rest: "No need to rest, it's comfortable to sweat a little."

Deng Xiaoping did not smoke or drink water while working in the workshop, and even made the platoon leader Tao mistakenly think that he didn't smoke at all. It was not until one chat with Zhuo Lin that he learned that Deng Xiaoping not only smoked but also drank, but at that time he drank m wine .

Deng Xiaoping's seriousness in working was "unexpected" by the workers: no matter wind, rain or snowflakes, Deng Xiaoping always insisted on going to the factory to work every day; the process he was engaged in had a tolerance range, but he was very serious and "no inspection" was required for the work he did (i.e., exempt from inspection).

Xinjian County towing factory produced 25 tractors annually, and each car's 4 tires required 6 screws. Using an hacksaw and a file , Deng Xiaoping, who worked for half a day, completed the production volume of the entire factory almost independently.

"I feel that his mind is not ordinary."

Although he was delegated, Deng Xiaoping's mood seemed good in Tao Duan. "He comes to work every day and says 'Hello comrades' as soon as he enters the door. When he leaves, he always says 'See you tomorrow'."

Deng Xiaoping didn't talk much and didn't take the initiative to talk to others. Tao Duan and others deliberately found a topic to talk to him, "It's not good to never talk."

Once, a young man in the workshop asked Deng Xiaoping: What kind of official do you work as a Beijing? Tao Duan remembered that Deng Xiaoping said seriously: "Be a high official."

The deputy platoon leader Tu Zongli did not "joke" with Deng Xiaoping like this. He once asked Deng Xiaoping privately whether the Sino-Soviet War could fight, and Deng told him that he could "not fight." He asked why has been in China for a long time, Deng explained that this shows that the Chinese people are peace-loving and sincerely support Cambodian people.

In those more than three years, Tao Duan had never heard Deng Xiaoping mention the "Cultural Revolution", nor had he ever seen Deng Xiaoping lose his temper and complain like some other veteran cadres who were decentralized.

"I feel that his mind is extraordinary." Tao Duan said.

Because he was Deng Xiaoping's leader in the workshop, Tao Duan communicated with him a lot, and he also had to care about his life and asked him how much rations were charged every month. Deng Xiaoping said: 26 kilograms of rice per month. Question: Is it enough to eat? Deng Xiaoping: Eat more vegetables, 26 kilograms of rice is enough.

Deng Xiaoping once told Tao Duan that when he first arrived at Xinjian County towing factory, he had to take sleeping pills day and night. After a while, he could stop taking it during the day, and after a while, he could stop taking it at night.

On the morning of November 5, 1971, in the staff canteen of the towing factory, Deng Xiaoping listened to a central document conveying that affected his political destiny. This canteen has now been renamed "Xiaoping Hall".

Tao Duan recalled that when Deng Xiaoping listened to the communication, he sat seriously, "not moving for two hours", and did not look around.

In February 1973, Deng Xiaoping, with his wife, and nearly ten grandparents and grandchildren, quietly left Xinjian County. They are going to return to Beijing. Before leaving, he asked Zhuo Lin to take the child to the factory to thank everyone. Tao Duan and more than a dozen workers rushed to see them off after hearing the news. Deng Xiaoping took out Yunnan candy from a small carton to entertain everyone.

"Only by developing production can you solve your problems"

Workers recalled that although Deng Xiaoping didn't talk much, he was very easy-going. When talking to everyone about the epidemic disease schistosomiasis in Xinjian County at that time, he said that he should pay attention to it and strengthen feces management, but don't be nervous.

During the labor service in Jiangxi, Deng Pufang, who was paralyzed, also came to his parents.One day, Deng Xiaoping asked Tao Duan that Deng Pufang had nothing to do at home, and if there was any radio repair and other work for him to do? Tao Duan said that no one in the factory had a radio. Deng Xiaoping said, if you really don’t have it, it’s okay.

Tao Duan had 4 children, and the monthly salary was 38 yuan at that time, and the difficulties of life can be imagined. Deng Xiaoping said: I know the living conditions of the workers here. If you want to solve your problem, it cannot be solved by one sentence or two sentences, nor can it be solved by any leader. You must make production progress so that your problem can be solved.

workers said that now, this may be his personal experience of "liberating productivity" and "development is the hard truth" when he was at the grassroots level?

The now well-known "small pavement" outside the backyard of the factory was built by more than 40 workers and factory leaders in Tao Duan and the workshop that year. This ridge road reduces Deng Xiaoping's walking to and from get off work from more than 40 minutes to more than 20 minutes.

"Third Fall": The courtyard that witnesses history

In the northwest corner of Kuanjie intersection in Dongcheng District, Beijing, there is a courtyard with a door sign " Di'anmen East Street 43". From the exterior of the gray wall and gray tiles, it is not much different from other nearby residents' courtyards. However, if you pay attention, just look at the wide and tall gatehouse, the two exquisitely carved stone piers at the door, the five-story steps that suggest status and identity, and the two closed vermilion red doors, it is not difficult to imagine that there must be many stories hidden in this gate that has experienced vicissitudes.

Dragon was living here when Deng Xiaoping was knocked down for the third time.

House arrest

In January 1976, after Zhou Enlai's death, the "temporary criticism of Deng and counterattacking the right-wing reversal" became increasingly fierce.

Maomao wrote in the book "My Father Deng Xiaoping: Years of the Cultural Revolution": "Mao Zedong, who had been extremely weak, gave the following instructions: 'According to this, all positions of Deng were expelled, the party membership was retained to observe the future effect.'" But Mao Zedong still instructed that people could not attack Deng Xiaoping. Wang Dongxing then arranged to transfer Deng Xiaoping from his home in Kuanjie to Dongjiaomin Lane .

On April 7, people from Central Guard Bureau came to pick up Deng Xiaoping. Maomao wrote: "Our family of nearly ten people, young and old, young, young, supported the old and carried the children to see off their father. Deng Nan had an idea, and at the last moment, he remembered a deck of playing cards into his father's pocket of Zhongshan server ... Tears surged into our eyes. Perhaps, this is the eternal secret with my father!"

Deng Xiaoping was transferred to No. 17, Dongjiaomin Lane, and was actually imprisoned.

Days of dependence for each other

The 17th courtyard where Deng Xiaoping lived is surrounded by tall gray brick walls, the roof of the wall is covered by ridge-shaped gray tiles, and the gray gatehouse faces north and south, making it a very simple three-room structure. There is a square looking mouth on the dark green iron door. Through the small west door that is opened from time to time, you can see a straight corridor leading to the end. Several small villa-style gray buildings scattered on the west side of the corridor are hidden by the dense French sycamore in the courtyard. There are fewer residents near

, and only Courtyard No. 21 is the dormitory courtyard of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee. It is here that Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin depend on each other for their own sake. At first, they cleaned and washed themselves and cooked. Later, the guards found the original chef to help make lunch and dinner. In loneliness, the two elders miss the children.

Soon after, Zhuo Lin was hospitalized due to illness, leaving Deng Xiaoping alone. When he had nothing to do, he took out his playing cards and set up cards on the table alone. This brand new deck of playing cards has been used so that the cards are all white.

It was not until July 19 that Deng Xiaoping was allowed to move back to his residence in Kuanjie to reunite with his family.

, but the house arrest has not been lifted. When he was bored, Deng Xiaoping wanted to find some physical work, so he found a pair of big scissors to cut the weeds in the yard.Maomao recalled that 71-year-old Deng Xiaoping was wearing an old man shirt with several holes broken. Under the sun of poisonous , he carefully cut the grass with scissors and scissors. Sweat flowed down his forehead, making his clothes soaked.

When Tangshan earthquake , the whole family moved outside the house and built a few plastic sheets on the bamboo pole shelf where the loofah was planted to make a "shockproof shed". Deng Xiaoping and his grandson sat down below.

Let time remember everything

Maomao gave a affectionate description of this yard that accompanied his father's political life ups and downs: "The yard is square, but empty, and there is not even a grass. When the wind blows, the yard is dusty. My father loves to plant trees, flowers and grass... When he first came, the yard was bare, and now, the yard is full of green grass, green trees and flowers. The rose flower planted two years ago is now in full bloom, with lush leaves and colorful."

Deng Xiaoping is still mysterious in the eyes of the people nearby. Although he is his neighbor, few people have seen him. An old lady named Zhang said: "I have lived here for decades. Although I know that Deng Xiaoping is our neighbor and have seen him enter and leave countless times, I have never met him."

Deng Xiaoping's "third start" happened in July 1977. At this time, it has been 9 months since the "Gang of Four" was smashed. Maomao wrote in the book: "This comeback is a comeback that the people hope for, a comeback that is crucial to China's future and destiny, and a glorious comeback."