"Han Shu·Biography of Wang Ji" says: "The reason why "Spring and Autumn" is that the six-contract style is the unity of the nine states."
The so-called " Unified Dynasty " was the result of the unification of the six countries since Qin Shihuang unification of the six countries, The ancient Chinese feudal dynasty that unified the hinterland of the Central Plains was the measure. Its scope includes: Jiuzhou Former Land (including Yandi Liaodong , Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures , etc.).
Yugong Jiuzhou map
Chinese people have long had the philosophical concepts and political ambitions of unity. Confucius advocated "harmony but difference, the world is one." Feudal rulers of all dynasties have regarded the ability to unify the world as their highest ambition in their lives. Qin Shihuang was the beginning, and since then, historical figures such as Cao Cao , Liu Bei , Sun Quan , Sima Yan , Fu Jian , Zhao Kuangyin , Huang Taiji and other historical figures have fought for the whole life of unification of the world. There are more heroes who regretted their lives because they could not unify the world.
China has been around for 5,000 years, but there are only 9 unified dynasties
China's unified dynasties include: Qin Dynasty , Western Han Dynasty , Eastern Han Dynasty, Western Jin , Sui Dynasty , Tang Dynasty , Yuan Dynasty , Yuan Dynasty , Yuan Dynasty , Ming Dynasty , Qing Dynasty . Let’s take a look at the length of the national destiny of these nine dynasties.
- Two emperors in the Qin Dynasty, from Qin Shihuang to Hu Hai , and they had the country for 14 years (221 BC to 207 BC).
- 12 emperors of the Western Han Dynasty, from Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang to Liu Ying , and lived in the country for 210 years (202 BC to 8 years).
- 21 emperors in the Tang Dynasty, from Great Emperor of Tang Li Yuan to tang Jingzong Li Bai , and enjoyed the country for 289 years (618-907).
- emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, from Kublai Khan to Shundi, Tuohuantemuer, and in the 1997th year of the country (1271-1368).
- 16 emperors of the Ming Dynasty, from the Ming Taizu, Zhu Yuanzhang, to the Chongzhen Emperor, Zhu Youjian, and the 276th year of the country (1368-1644).
- 10 emperors of the Qing Dynasty, from Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty to Emperor Xuantong of Puyi, the 276th year of the country (1636-1912).
From the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the total time for the unified dynasty was 1455 years. And Northern Song was not recognized as a unified dynasty.
However, rigorously, our unified time statistics are actually inaccurate. Mr. Ge Jianxiong, professor at Fudan University, has his own understanding of how long it took for Chinese history to be unified.
Mr. Ge Jianxiong’s view on unity:
Mr. Ge Jianxiong came to the conclusion in his book "Unification and Schizophrenia - The Revelation of Chinese History":
"If the largest territory in Chinese history is the scope (of course this This calculation method is extremely unreasonable), and the unified time was only 81 years.
If basically restoring the territory of the previous generation and maintaining peace in the Central Plains region is the standard , the time of unification was 950 years. However, there were several years in these 950 years, which strictly cannot be considered unified, such as the middle period of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the late Chongzhen period.
If Qin Shihuang destroyed the six kingdoms in 211 BC and the Qing Dynasty were destroyed 1911 is the calculation stage, even if we look at the second standard, the time of unification accounts for only 45% of the total time. If we count from the exact administration of the Western Zhou Republic (841 BC), it only accounts for 35 %. "
Most people think that the succession of a founding emperor is the beginning of unification, and unification will not be considered as the end of a certain dynasty. Professor Ge believes that China only had 950 years of true unification.
But if we follow scientific methods rigorously, Professor Ge's point of view may also be correct. Because any unified dynasty is a process from weak to large, from local to unified. No dynasty can remain strong from beginning to end, including world-class empires such as Han Empire , British Empire .
How did Professor Ge calculate the 950 years? He calculated from 221 BC when Qin Shihuang destroyed the six kingdoms to 1911 when Qing Dynasty was destroyed, and the standard was to maintain the prosperity of a dynasty.
Professor Ge believes that the time of unification of each dynasty should be counted as follows:
- Qin Dynasty: Unified China in 221 BC, and the outbreak of Peasant uprising at the end of Qin , maintaining unification for 12 years.
- Western Han Dynasty: In 111 BC, the South Vietnamese Kingdom was wiped out, and in December 8 AD, Wang Mang usurped the Han and maintained unity in 191.
- Eastern Han Dynasty: In 36 AD, Liu Xiu unified the country. By 190, the eighteen princes fought against the chaos in Dong's world and maintained unification for 154 years.
- Western Jin Dynasty: In 280 AD, Sima Yan destroyed the Eastern Wu and unified the country. By 304, Liu Yuan arched his army and maintained unification for 24 years.
- Sui Dynasty: In 589, the Southern Chen unified the whole country, and in 612, the peasant uprising broke out at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and the unification lasted for 23 years.
- Tang Dynasty; In 628 AD, the separatist forces of Liang Shidu were pacified, and in 878, the Huangchao peasant uprising broke out, maintaining unification for 250 years.
- Yuan Dynasty: In 1279, the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, and in 1351, the peasant uprising broke out, maintaining unity for 72 years.
- Ming Dynasty: In 1382, Yunnan was pacified, and by 1628, the peasant uprising broke out in the late Ming Dynasty, maintaining unification for 246 years.
- Qing Dynasty: In 1683, Taiwan was pacified, and by 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, maintaining unification for 228 years.
But according to Professor Ge's algorithm, 80% of China's 5,000 years have been divided. But don’t forget that we have indeed had the tendency and tradition of unification since ancient times. Moreover, I personally think that Professor Ge’s division method may not be scientific.
turbulent period of the unified dynasty should also be counted within the unified dynasty
Chen Sheng When Wu Guangdaze Township Uprising, the Qin Dynasty was still able to unify the central government of the whole country. How could it be demarcated at the same time? In comparison, Professor Ge believed that 1683 to 1911 was a unified dynasty, but the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established in 1851 to occupy half of China and confronted the Qing Dynasty for 14 years, which was once again included in the unified dynasty. Then isn't this a contradiction? When Liu Bang established the Western Han Dynasty, the vassal states surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Can you say that this is not a unified dynasty?
So, if the time standard for dividing a unified dynasty is too rigorous, it will be contradictory. Because there are many dynasties with their own uniqueness and cannot be one-size-fits-all.
The first chapter of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" reads: "When it comes to the general trend of the world, long-term divisions will lead to unity, and long-term integration will lead to unity. On the weekend, the seven kingdoms were divided into disputes and merged into Qin. After Qin was destroyed, Chu and Han were divided into disputes and merged into Han again. . "
The sentence reveals the movement laws of the Chinese dynasty: will be combined for a long time, and will be combined for a long time. If the unified dynasty in a broad sense is added to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties (400+554+275=1218), then the unified dynasty will be 2673 years. This is indeed a tradition, otherwise why did the three parties in Wei, Shu and Wu have to fight endlessly? Li Shimin is the best in Guanzhong , why bother to try your best to solve the heroes in Shandong? Why did the Qing Dynasty go south to unify the Central Plains?
at the end:
Europe is equivalent to China. China chose the path of great unification in the Qin and Han Empires, which was destined to be the path of China in the future. However, Europe, which was ruled by the Roman Empire at the same time, eventually fell apart, leading to the current Europe. There are 45 countries.
China's unified dynasty has a vast territory and a huge population structure, laying a strong foundation for the survival of the Chinese nation. China's vast territory of 9.6 million square kilometers is the rich property that these dynasties have saved for the Chinese people over thousands of years.
So, we need to worship our heroes. "The Qin Emperor and the Han Dynasty, the Ming ancestor of Emperor Tang, have great martial arts and shine on my China."
References: "Unification and Schizophrenia - The Inspiration of Chinese History"
But if we follow scientific methods rigorously, Professor Ge's point of view may also be correct. Because any unified dynasty is a process from weak to large, from local to unified. No dynasty can remain strong from beginning to end, including world-class empires such as Han Empire , British Empire .
How did Professor Ge calculate the 950 years? He calculated from 221 BC when Qin Shihuang destroyed the six kingdoms to 1911 when Qing Dynasty was destroyed, and the standard was to maintain the prosperity of a dynasty.
Professor Ge believes that the time of unification of each dynasty should be counted as follows:
- Qin Dynasty: Unified China in 221 BC, and the outbreak of Peasant uprising at the end of Qin , maintaining unification for 12 years.
- Western Han Dynasty: In 111 BC, the South Vietnamese Kingdom was wiped out, and in December 8 AD, Wang Mang usurped the Han and maintained unity in 191.
- Eastern Han Dynasty: In 36 AD, Liu Xiu unified the country. By 190, the eighteen princes fought against the chaos in Dong's world and maintained unification for 154 years.
- Western Jin Dynasty: In 280 AD, Sima Yan destroyed the Eastern Wu and unified the country. By 304, Liu Yuan arched his army and maintained unification for 24 years.
- Sui Dynasty: In 589, the Southern Chen unified the whole country, and in 612, the peasant uprising broke out at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and the unification lasted for 23 years.
- Tang Dynasty; In 628 AD, the separatist forces of Liang Shidu were pacified, and in 878, the Huangchao peasant uprising broke out, maintaining unification for 250 years.
- Yuan Dynasty: In 1279, the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, and in 1351, the peasant uprising broke out, maintaining unity for 72 years.
- Ming Dynasty: In 1382, Yunnan was pacified, and by 1628, the peasant uprising broke out in the late Ming Dynasty, maintaining unification for 246 years.
- Qing Dynasty: In 1683, Taiwan was pacified, and by 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, maintaining unification for 228 years.
But according to Professor Ge's algorithm, 80% of China's 5,000 years have been divided. But don’t forget that we have indeed had the tendency and tradition of unification since ancient times. Moreover, I personally think that Professor Ge’s division method may not be scientific.
turbulent period of the unified dynasty should also be counted within the unified dynasty
Chen Sheng When Wu Guangdaze Township Uprising, the Qin Dynasty was still able to unify the central government of the whole country. How could it be demarcated at the same time? In comparison, Professor Ge believed that 1683 to 1911 was a unified dynasty, but the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established in 1851 to occupy half of China and confronted the Qing Dynasty for 14 years, which was once again included in the unified dynasty. Then isn't this a contradiction? When Liu Bang established the Western Han Dynasty, the vassal states surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Can you say that this is not a unified dynasty?
So, if the time standard for dividing a unified dynasty is too rigorous, it will be contradictory. Because there are many dynasties with their own uniqueness and cannot be one-size-fits-all.
The first chapter of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" reads: "When it comes to the general trend of the world, long-term divisions will lead to unity, and long-term integration will lead to unity. On the weekend, the seven kingdoms were divided into disputes and merged into Qin. After Qin was destroyed, Chu and Han were divided into disputes and merged into Han again. . "
The sentence reveals the movement laws of the Chinese dynasty: will be combined for a long time, and will be combined for a long time. If the unified dynasty in a broad sense is added to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties (400+554+275=1218), then the unified dynasty will be 2673 years. This is indeed a tradition, otherwise why did the three parties in Wei, Shu and Wu have to fight endlessly? Li Shimin is the best in Guanzhong , why bother to try your best to solve the heroes in Shandong? Why did the Qing Dynasty go south to unify the Central Plains?
at the end:
Europe is equivalent to China. China chose the path of great unification in the Qin and Han Empires, which was destined to be the path of China in the future. However, Europe, which was ruled by the Roman Empire at the same time, eventually fell apart, leading to the current Europe. There are 45 countries.
China's unified dynasty has a vast territory and a huge population structure, laying a strong foundation for the survival of the Chinese nation. China's vast territory of 9.6 million square kilometers is the rich property that these dynasties have saved for the Chinese people over thousands of years.
So, we need to worship our heroes. "The Qin Emperor and the Han Dynasty, the Ming ancestor of Emperor Tang, have great martial arts and shine on my China."
References: "Unification and Schizophrenia - The Inspiration of Chinese History"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-