1939 In the past year, anti-communist incidents of the Kuomintang emerged one after another. KMT diehards When stepping up military anti-communist preparations, they strengthened their persecution of the CCP in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.
In March 1940, a "rice grab" was created in Chengdu, and the CCP was blamed on the underground party of the Communist Party of China. He took the opportunity to seize the Chengdu Business Distribution Office of " Xinhua Daily " and arrested the person in charge of the department with a public identity and the secretary of the CCP Sichuan Kang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. Luo Shiwen and Communist Party member Che Yaoxian and more than 10 others killed Communist Party members Zhu Yafan and Hong Xizong. Faced with the sudden deterioration of the current situation, Zhou Enlai, who had just returned from abroad, had no time to wash away the dust of the journey and embarked on a new journey.
On May 10, Zhou Enlai led a group of cadres including Kong Yuan, Xu Bing and others to leave Yan'an to Chongqing by four trucks. When passing Xi'an, he met with Shaanxi Province's military and political leaders, Jiang Dingwen, and others, to protest against the Kuomintang army's friction around the border areas, and demanded that they put anti-Japanese first and quickly stop anti-communist hostile activities. When passing through Chengdu, he was invited to attend a welcome banquet held by the Sichuan local powerful Deng Xihou (who was represented by his acting chief of staff), and extensively met with democrats from all walks of life in Chengdu. At the banquet and during the meeting, Zhou Enlai frankly explained the CCP’s propositions and hoped that everyone would jointly adhere to the unity of the war of resistance and oppose any compromise and surrender activities.
After Zhou Enlai arrived in Chongqing on May 31, he immediately made an appointment with Ye Ting, who had left the New Fourth Army again. When he met Ye Jianying and Yuan Guoping, he said to Ye Ting, you are the commander of our New Fourth Army and have the responsibility to command the New Fourth Army. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China trusts you, your military talents and character, and your loyalty to the revolutionary cause. After you left the New Fourth Army, Chiang Kai-shek made a noise that the New Fourth Army problem must be solved again, and that it means to send others as commanders, which is very unfavorable for the War of Resistance and the cause of democracy. I hope you can return to the southern Anhui military headquarters, lead this revolutionary army, fight more good wars, and make greater contributions to the cause of liberation of China and the people. Xiang Ying should bear the main responsibility for your relationship with Xiang Ying. Please believe that the Party Central Committee and I will be responsible for solving it. After listening to Zhou Enlai's cordial and sincere conversation, Ye Ting was deeply moved and immediately expressed that he would tell Chiang Kai-shek that he would return to the New Fourth Army as soon as possible. Then, Zhou Enlai, Bogu , Ye Jianying had several conversations with Yuan Guoping and Rao Shushi, conveying the instructions of the CPC Central Committee to the New Fourth Army, fully affirming the achievements of the New Fourth Army over the past year, seriously pointing out the existing problems, and criticizing Xiang Ying. Error. The leaders of the New Fourth Army were required to respect Ye Ting's position in the army and support Ye Ting in command of the entire army's military. To reiterate the development policy of the New Fourth Army, the first is Jiangbei, the second is East Jiangsu , the third is southern Jiangsu and southern Anhui; to establish and develop bases, the first is northern Jiangsu, North Anhui , and the second is Hubei. He also clearly told Yuan Guoping that in the future negotiations on the New Fourth Army issue will no longer be held by Yuan Tong Gu Zhutong in Shangrao , and will be moved to Chongqing and will be subject to Zhou Enlai himself. Zhou Enlai also presided over the Standing Committee of the Southern Bureau, listened to the comprehensive report of Yuan Guoping and Rao Jishi on the work of the New Fourth Army, and gave many important instructions.
As the Kuomintang diehards are creating more and more serious frictions, our party must adopt corresponding policies and strategies. In early June, Zhou Enlai conveyed the spirit of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and required all cadres to be clear about the current situation and work hard. Since June 14, he has been presided over the meetings of the Southern Bureau, listened to reports from the Southern Bureau, the Xinhua Daily, and the main leaders of various provinces and special committees, and studied and discussed future work. All organizations at all levels of our party in , , must make a major change in organization, leadership and activity methods, and completely transform into secret underground parties. The Xinhua Daily and the office should also change their working methods. and the way of struggle, all public activities must be separated from the underground party, so that they can preserve their capable forces in harsh environments and continue to carry out all the party’s work. This Southern Bureau meeting is a very important step for our party to build a strong fighting organization in the Kuomintang-controlled area.
At the Southern Bureau meeting, Zhou Enlai repeatedly asked party organizations at all levels and the majority of party members to attach great importance to united front work, emphasizing that he should do more work in the middle forces, or take the initiative to come to their homes or invite them to their residence to take the initiative to make the current situation The changes and the CCP’s views on the Kuomintang in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression told them frankly, and also told them the CCP’s attitude and hopes towards the vast number of middle-party members truthfully, and conducted frank discussions with them.
Zhou Enlai will go to the masses of all walks of life as long as he has the chance. For example: On September 29, 1940, China Vocational Education Society invited him to give a speech, and he happily promised to talk about "International Situation and China's War of Resistance". This speech was originally scheduled to be held in a theater, but because there were too many people attending the meeting, it was temporarily changed to Bashu School Square. Zhou Enlai agreed to give a speech in the square regardless of his personal safety. Which direction does he go from the world? Which direction does China go in? Which direction does the European war develop? What direction does Japan-US relations develop? What position does the Soviet Union maintain? What position does China take? Can Japan end the China incident? Is China serious? The difficulties and the crisis of compromise and surrender; how China made the progress of the War of Resistance Against Japan analyze the international situation at that time and the future of China's war of resistance, pointing out that the war between imperialism is continuing to expand, and China is facing serious difficulties and compromise on the front battlefield Surrender is dangerous, but as long as we base ourselves on self-reliance, do not have any fantasy about the conflict between the United States and Japan, and insist on uniting and fighting to the end, victory will definitely belong to us. He also used iron facts to expose the Kuomintang's corruption and incompetence, and many officials used anti-Japanese private interests to make money in the national crisis.
This speech refreshed everyone and was extremely excited. More than 3,000 listeners were deeply attracted by Zhou Enlai. After more than four hours, there was no sound in the square. Even the Kuomintang spies who were ready to go to make trouble in advance also forgot their identity and applauded with the audience. Zhou Enlai's speech swept away the negative and pessimistic atmosphere that permeated Chongqing at that time, and the general public was greatly encouraged.
In early June, Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek had an interview. He told Chiang Kai-shek: The CCP is sincere in resisting the war of war and supports Chairman Chiang, but the Kuomintang implemented the anti-communist and dissolved the communist policy during the war of resistance, which could only help the enemy and the puppet. The so-called CCP is going to hold a riot to overthrow the Kuomintang and spread rumors in the country. The development of the CCP is mainly to compete with the enemy and Wang in the enemy-occupied areas. Chiang Kai-shek said: All unity in the War of Resistance Against Japan are determined, and all problems between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party can be solved, but military orders must be followed. Zhou Enlai replied: This should be viewed from two aspects: one should obey, and the other should not be coerced by orders. Chiang Kai-shek said that this is all in the past. Finally, Chiang said that the issue of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party can be negotiated. Since then, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have begun their first formal negotiations in Chongqing.
This formal negotiation, the representatives of the Communist Party of China were Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying, and the representatives of the Kuomintang were He Yingqin , Bai Chongxi . Zhou Enlai first submitted to He and Bai the plan of our party to resolve the current crisis and strengthen unity in the war of resistance. It requires the Kuomintang government to ensure the legal existence of all parties; release all Communist Party members in prison; stop banning books, newspapers and magazines from all over the country, and provide legal protection for the publication of the Xinhua Daily, and allow the publication of the Communist Party of China documents and the remarks and articles of leaders; Assist the people's armed forces and launch a general guerrilla war ; recognize the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region under the Executive Yuan, and delineate the boundaries according to the current situation of the 23 counties, with Lin Zuhan as the chairman of the border government; allow the 18th Army (Eighth Route Army) It was expanded to 3 armies and 9 divisions, and the New Fourth Army added to 7 detachments; it agreed to divide combat areas in favor of combat against Japan, etc.
In about a month, the two sides have negotiated many times about our party’s proposals, and the most talked about is the three major issues of recognizing the border areas, expanding our army and dividing combat areas.
The Kuomintang only recognizes that the border areas include 18 counties; the Eighth Route Army has expanded into 3 armies, 6 divisions and 6 regiments, and the New Fourth Army has been organized into two divisions; the Eighth Route Army has all driven to the north bank of the Yellow River, .
There are great differences between the two sides on these three major issues and it is difficult to get close to them.By July 16, the Kuomintang had a "prompt case", requiring the cancellation of the border areas, the reduction of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and limited it to the north of the Old Yellow River within one month of the order. This actually rejected the demands put forward by the Communist Party of China and put the negotiations to a deadlock.
However, in order to unite the overall situation of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Enlai still expressed his willingness to bring this "prompt case" back to Yan'an, discuss with the Central Committee, and find ways for the two parties to continue negotiations and resolve the problem.
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