The state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period rose to prominence during the Jin Xiangong period, and dominated the Central Plains during the Jin Wengong Chong'er period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the strongest national powers were Jin, Qi, Qin, and Chu, and only Jin had hegemony for the longest time. The other three powers were often suppressed by Jin, while Wu and Yue only dominated for a short period, and most of the time they were still Jin. Dominate the world.
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The reason why Jin State has been able to dominate for a long time is because "Jin State has had strong ministers in every dynasty." There are historical reasons for the formation of this power structure of "strong ministers". We know that the Kingdom of Jin is the brother country of Emperor Zhou . It has a prominent status, which may be the inheritance of some genes. After the death of Marquis Mu of Jin , his younger brother Jin Shang usurped the throne, and was later killed by Mu Hou's eldest son Qiu. The young master seizes the throne. After Qiu's death, his son Zhaohou succeeded to the throne, and his uncle became a master and was transferred to Quwo, which was larger than the capital. From then on, a more than sixty-year struggle for the throne began. In the end, his grandson was promoted to Jin Dynasty. Wugong destroyed the descendants of "Qiu" and successfully ascended the throne. From then on, the Jin Dynasty became stable, and it was known in history as " Quwo Daiyi ". This is an important background.
In 677 BC, Duke Wu of Jin passed away. After Duke Xian of Jin succeeded to the throne, he was forced by the cruel reality to kill all the sons and grandsons of his great-grandfather who had become a master to eliminate future troubles. So much so that even his own son was worried, so he forced Prince Shen Sheng to death and exiled Chong'er and Yiwu. This approach had a profound impact on the future of Jin. From then on, the king's sons generally did not stay in the country, and a system basically formed. Although this measure played a certain role in internal stability, in the long run, due to the weak power of the Jin Dynasty's royal family, the power of various ministers and officials continued to increase.
Jin Wengong Chong'er
Moreover, when Jin Wengong Chong'er fled, the ministers who followed him such as Zhao Shei, Hu Yan, Jia Tuo, Xianzhen, Wei Wuzi, Sikong Jizi, Xuchen, etc. all have different surnames. These people all have the ability to govern the country and lead the army, and they are all contributors to Jin's hegemony. And because the "Three Armies and Six Ministers" system established by Duke Wen of Jin is a hereditary system and is in charge of the military and political power of the Jin State, they take turns in power according to the principle of "replacement after death", and the promotion of generals and prime ministers. While they maintained Jin's century-old hegemony, they also eroded the power of the monarch. Finally, hundreds of years later, their descendants became the gravediggers of the powerful Jin.
With the passage of time, the power of the six ministers became more and more powerful, while the power of the king of Jin gradually declined. The real power was controlled by the six officials Han, Zhao, Wei, Zhi, Fan and Zhongxing. They were rewarded for their merits in the past dynasties. , the number of fiefdoms increased, and at the same time, the six officials also began to compete with each other for territory. Later, the Fan family and the Zhonghang family were broken up, leaving the four major families: the Zhi family, the Zhao family, the Han family, and the Wei family, with the Zhi family being the most powerful.
Zhi family doctor Zhi Boyao was thinking about how to take the land of the other three families as his own, and came up with a seemingly "selfless" idea. He called the officials of Zhao, Wei, and Han to discuss it and said: "Our Jin country originally He was the overlord of the Central Plains, but later he was Wu Kingdom and Yue Kingdom have taken away their dominance. In order to restore the national prestige and make the Jin Kingdom stronger, I suggest that each family devote one hundred miles of land and population to the country. "The three families of Zhao, Wei and Han. After the doctor heard this suggestion, he understood Zhi Boyao's inner calculation. Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi were unwilling to offend Zhi Boyao because of their face, so they reluctantly agreed to give up the land and population, but Zhao Xiangzi firmly disagreed.
The three families of Zhi, Han and Wei attacked Zhao
In 455 BC, Zhi Boyao decided to attack the Zhao family and forced the Han and Wei families to send troops together. Zhao Xiangzi was outnumbered and retreated to his own city Jinyang . Because Jinyang city was extremely strong, the three armies besieged it for two years but failed to break through the Zhao family's city.
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One day, Zhi Boyao went to inspect the terrain outside Jinyang City in person. When he saw Jinshui outside Jinyang City, he had an idea and came up with a solution.He ordered his soldiers to dig another ditch next to Jinshui River, leading directly to Jinyang City, and built a dam upstream to block the river water. It was the rainy season at this time, and the water in the dike was quickly full. Then the dike was opened and the water was released, flooding Jinyang City. Zhi Boyao proudly said to Han and Wei: "Look, Jinyang will be over soon. It turns out that floods can also destroy a country!"
After hearing this, Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi not only took a breath of cold air, Because there is also a river next to their own city. Maybe one day this kind of bad luck will befall him. Will his city suffer the same fate as Jinyang City?
The three families of Han, Wei and Zhao destroyed the Zhi family
At this time, the situation in Jinyang City was becoming more and more difficult. Zhao Xiangzi was very anxious and was discussing countermeasures with counselor Zhang Meng. Zhang Mengtan said to Zhao Xiangzi: "I see that the Han and Wei families are not willing to give up the land. I went to them to talk to them." So he left the city overnight, sneaked into the allied camp, found Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi, and analyzed it with them. when The current situation roughly means: Zhi Boyao's greed has no end. Now he is using you to destroy the Zhao family. The next step will be your unlucky one. Why don't the three of us join forces to destroy the Zhi family and divide them equally? land. The Han and Wei families agreed with the Zhao family and believed that this decision was wise. As a result, the situation suddenly changed overnight. The allied forces of Han, Wei, and Zhao launched an attack on the sleeping Zhijia army, wiping out all the Zhijia troops. The entire Zhijia family was massacred. The three families divided the Zhijia land equally and divided the Zhijia army. Other lands left by the Jin State were also divided up. "From then on, these three major families were the only ones left in the Jin Kingdom. In order to facilitate the recording of history, historians refer to the three families of Han, Wei and Zhao as the "Three Jins".
In 403 BC, the three families of Han, Wei and Zhao sent envoys to Luoyang to meet the Emperor of Zhou, requesting that the three families be made princes. King Weilie of Zhou then officially made the three families princes. Their capital was in Xinzheng, Henan. The capital of Wei State is in Kaifeng, Henan, the capital of the Kingdom of Zhao was Handan, Hebei. From then on, Han, Wei, Zhao, Qin, Yan, Qi, and Chu were called the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period".
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