"The Chinese people love peace, but in order to defend peace, they never and will never be afraid of wars against aggression. The Chinese people will never tolerate foreign aggression, nor allow the imperialists to ignore their neighbors' wanton aggression."
——Zhou Enlai
Comrade Zhou Enlai's words can be said to express the most sincere thoughts in the heart of the Chinese nation.
Since the founding of New China, China has been forced to participate in the three foreign wars.
Resisting U.S. Aid Korea
Construction of numerous military outposts in Tibet, publicly clamoring that part of the territory of Tibet belongs to India; self-defense counterattack against Vietnam , Vietnam overthrew , China and Vietnam border monument, encroached on China’s southern sands, and illegally invaded China’s southern sands. More than% of the islands also killed 300 Chinese border citizens...
Among them, the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam was China's last large-scale foreign war.
Self-defense counterattack against Vietnam
Since the defeat of in the Vietnam War, Vietnam’s ambitions began to swell, and Vietnam, with the support of the Soviet Union at that time, equipped the United States with the legacy of the Vietnam War. We believe that Vietnam’s military power is “the third in the world” because of the purchase of various weapons worth tens of billions of dollars. Since then, Vietnam has embarked on a decade-long road of external expansion.
first sent 200,000 troops to foreign countries and occupied both Laos and Cambodia, and then Vietnam’s ambitions intensified, delusioning to establish a great power "Indochina Federation", . With the support of the Soviet Union, Vietnam finally set its sights on China.
Vietnam and the Soviet Union jointly “sell miserables” internationally to discredit China’s “inhumanity” and other bad practices, and subsequently persecuted overseas Chinese in Vietnam, leaving hundreds of thousands of overseas Chinese in Vietnam homeless. Tore up the 1958 statement that the Vietnamese government recognized the four major islands of Dongsha, Xisha, Nansha, and Zhongsha as belonging to China. also illegally invaded and occupied more than 96% of the islands of China’s Nansha Islands . What is even more exaggerated is that Vietnam crossed the border without authorization, killing as many as 300 Chinese nationals at the border. In the end, China couldn't bear it. On February 17, 1979, China launched a self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
Vietnam does not know,There is a saying in China that "teachers and apprentices have to keep a hand". The reason why Vietnam was able to defeat the US army in the Vietnam War and achieve the final victory, although it is inseparable from the courage and tenacity of the Vietnamese people, but the deeper reason lies in the "guerrilla warfare" tactics taught by the People's Liberation Army.
Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia and is full of tropical rainforests. This makes a lot of advanced equipment of the US military useless, and most of the battle can only enter the jungle to start land warfare. The terrain like is very suitable for "guerrilla warfare" , and the People's Liberation Army is an expert in "guerrilla warfare". Under the instruction of the officers of the People's Liberation Army, the Vietnamese army quickly mastered the essentials and gained the ability to fight frontal against the US army.
Finally, there are various kinds of free assistance from our country to Vietnam. It not only provided Vietnam with a large amount of weapons and equipment, but also built some military fortresses. It is conservatively estimated that China's aid to Vietnam during the entire Vietnam War reached 20 billion U.S. dollars.
The People's Liberation Army "knows itself and the enemy, never end in a hundred battles", the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam took only one month (February 17 to March 16), which ended in a total victory for China. Later, on the way back, the People's Liberation Army recovered a large amount of materials previously aided to Vietnam, and destroyed various military installations, roads, railways, mines and other facilities in the north of Vietnam before withdrawing from Vietnam.
Although the PLA’s battle in this war went smoothly,But in exchange for it was huge casualties. According to statistics, the PLA suffered 27,000 casualties in this war.
The 448 regiment was defeated and 542 people were separated.
During the outbreak of war, the side that has the advantage or is about to win will often have an attitude of arrogance, which will underestimate the enemy and cause the battle to fail. The same is true for the People's Liberation Army. This battle is the People's Liberation Army's biggest loss in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam. resulted in the separation of 542 people from the 448 regiment (more than 200 of them were captured by Vietnam), the loss of 407 guns of various types, and the loss of 24 artillery pieces and some other equipment.
The participating troops are the 448 regiments of the 50th Army and the 150th Division. The 448th Regiment received an order to withdraw from its superiors. On the way to the west of Gaoping, the area of Naga and Langzhuang, due to unfavorable investigations, it encountered layers of ambushes by the Vietnamese army and suffered heavy losses.
The 50th Army is a heroic unit. His predecessor was the 60th Army of the Kuomintang. Later, the uprising succeeded and was incorporated into the battle sequence of the People's Liberation Army. In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, participated in the first, second, third, fourth, and four major battles, completely annihilating the British Royal Heavy Tank Battalion ; facing a large number of well-equipped enemies on both sides of the Hanjiang River in The army, the 50 army, at the cost of sacrificing 10033 people, stubbornly blocked the enemy for 52 days, and established outstanding combat exploits.It has carved a strong stroke in the history of war in China. According to statistics, during the period of the 50th Army's entry into North Korea, more than 7,000 people from won medals or medals issued by the North Korean government.
In the middle and late stages of the Vietnam War, the 50th Army stationed in Chongqing strongly requested to go to Vietnam. The front-line combat command considered that the war was basically over and no large-scale fighting would break out, so it agreed to the army’s request, and Given the task of covering the retreat of friendly forces and eliminating the remnants of the enemy.
At this time, the combat effectiveness of the 50th Army has long been inferior to the previous ones. Experienced veterans have been transferred to participating troops at the beginning of the war. Later, although they were supplemented by , most of the officers and soldiers were only enlisted. Although the recruits of Yue have achieved certain training results, they are still very immature compared with the veterans with combat experience. The original intention of the front-line command was to let this group of recruits see the cruelty of the war, and had no intention of letting them participate in the war.
What made the 150th Division of the 50th Army never expected was that shortly after receiving the retreat task on March 11, the 448th regiment of the 150th Division and a Vietnamese elite unit that dared to come from Hanoi Encountered and fighting broke out. This Vietnamese army has rich combat experience. Not long after the battle, the Vietnamese army discovered that the PLA troops seemed to be recruits, and their combat effectiveness was not strong. When the army seized favorable terrain , it was not blocked by the 448 regiment.On the 12th, the Vietnamese army completed the siege of the 448 regiment.
Earlier, just after the 150th Division of the 50th Army received the mission to go abroad, the military working group assigned by the superior arrived. This makes the 150 division have two command structures. One is a division composed of division commanders and political commissars, , and the other is a temporary army work command group composed of several deputy army-level cadres headed by Deputy Commander Guan Huoming.
448 regiment, as the "vanguard" of the 150 division, took the lead in entering the Gaoping area on March 7, and after several days of purging the remnants of the enemy, it received an order to retreat on the 11th.
Figure non-military-industrial team
When choosing the retreat route, the army working group disagrees with the division committee. The army working group believes that it can retreat from Tianfengling. It can not only continue to eliminate the remaining enemies along the way, but also Achieve greater results. The teacher committee decided to obey the arrangement of the superior and retreat according to the route established by the superior, which is more secure.
The two sides are in a dispute, so they can only call the military. The military headquarters issued an order to retreat from the original route. Unexpectedly, several members of the military working group were greedy and ordered the confidential secretary to destroy the telegram. The division committee could only obey the military working group's arrangements and retreat from Tianfengling.
A person who can serve as the military commander of a troop must be a certain ability . The division committee recommended that the entire army retreat together so that even if it encounters an enemy, it can defeat the enemy with its superior strength.At least it will not cause big losses. However, the army working group ordered the 448 regiment to separate a unit, with the second battalion led by deputy commander Hu Qingzhong, to perform a mountain search and clear out the remnants of the enemy. The large forces retreated along the road.
The second battalion was in the process of interspersing in the mountains and encountered elite enemy troops from Hanoi. As soon as the two sides met, the Vietnamese army immediately judged that the opponent’s combat effectiveness was not strong, and immediately increased its offensive strength. The second battalion could only resist tenaciously and immediately asked for help from the division, but the army working group believed that this was nothing more than the enemy’s remnant army. The troops gathered together, the 448 regiment was completely capable of destroying them, so it refused the request for support.
The 448 regiment had no choice but to send its own troops to rescue. The regiment head again asked for help from the division headquarter but was rejected again. Soon the supporting troops were also surrounded by the Vietnamese army.
Because of the poor signal in the mountainous areas, the besieged troops often communicated with each other. When the besieged troops were contacted for the last time, the 448 regiment ordered the troops to disperse and break through the encirclement, including 2 battalions, and rescued 1 and 8 companies. This move greatly dispersed the forces of the besieged troops. The Vietnamese army surrounded them in batches, and was ultimately outnumbered and defeated. , especially the 8th company, all surrendered, and the company commander and instructor negotiated with the enemy about the surrender.
Before this battle, the Viet Cong captured only a few dozen people in the People's Liberation Army. They were completely incapable of fighting before they were captured by the Vietnamese army. After this battle, the number of people captured by the People's Liberation Army reached 238. More than 200 of them are from 448 groups.
Disposal after the war
Afterwards,Guan Huoming also tried to conceal the incident. The commander of the 150th Division proposed to report the details of the 448 Regiment, but Guan Huoming refused on the grounds of "don't report to the superior for a small matter", and continued to send people to search for the missing personnel of the 448 Regiment.
on the 13th, the 41st Army called for inquiries: "What difficulties did the 150 division encounter, and why was the retreat delayed?"
Guan Huoming responded: "I am in the 448th regiment on the 12th. Some personnel were separated and it is expected that they will not be able to arrive in the evening on the 14th. We request our division to start retreating on the 15th."
When sending the report, Guan Huoming also deleted the most important word "lost".
However, those who can serve as army commanders are generally veterans with rich combat experience. How can Guan Huoming's little trick be concealed by his superiors. After being questioned by superiors, Guan Huoming could only report truthfully.
This incident directly angered Xu Shiyou and immediately sent the order: "You must return the troops to me at all costs, and a soldier must not be abandoned abroad!"
The actual situation is like this. Except for more than 200 PLA soldiers who were captured, none of the more than 300 people who were missing have been rescued.
After the war, Chengdu Military Region gave the relevant personnel of this incident the punishment and the reward.Eight of the company commanders were sentenced to 10-year imprisonment for . After he was released from prison, he said: The reason why I chose to surrender was because I didn't want 104 soldiers in 8 companies to lose their lives in vain!
More than two hundred people captured in the 448 regiment were properly arranged after returning to China, but they have attracted countless infamy. These people at least saved their lives. But there are more than 300 martyrs who haven't returned, but few people care about them. It seems that they can do as long as they are not prisoners.
Forty years have passed since this war. There are no graves for them, no tombstones, and no names in the cemeteries of the great martyrs in the motherland.
July 2, 1979. The People’s Liberation Army issued a notice: The battle has been over for a long time, and the repatriation of captives by China and Vietnam has ended. All soldiers who have disappeared during the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam and have not received accurate information will be handled as sacrificed soldiers , and pay pensions to his family members according to the standard. The families of the missing soldiers of the 448th regiment have all obtained martyrs certificates issued by the state.
Shortly after the war, the organization of the 448 regiment was cancelled by the 50th Army, and the more than 300 martyrs have since been annihilated in the long river of history.
Without the selfless dedication of soldiers, there would be no China today
China can develop as it is today,Can not do without their silent dedication.
In the 1980s, China had just reformed and opened up. At that time, China urgently needed development and a relatively peaceful international environment. Deng Gong once said: Vietnam invaded Laos and Cambodia under our noses, and treated China arbitrarily. Vietnam's purpose is not only the Indo-China Federation, but also a larger purpose, that is, the collective security of Asia proposed by the Soviet Union. system. If China reports that it is as weak as the West, then China will no longer have peace.
So under the order of Deng Gong, the People's Liberation Army sent troops to Vietnam. This is not only to defend China, but also to contain the Soviet Union's need to expand in Asia. Only by defeating Vietnam and defeating the strategic goals of the Soviet Union can China have a relatively peaceful development environment and carry out the four modernizations.
At that time, China had just experienced a decade of turmoil and its national strength had declined. The former "Big Brother" Soviet Union continued to oppress China, and even sent millions of soldiers to the northern border of China. It is not difficult to imagine what kind of pressure Deng Deng was under, and then he issued the combat order.
Beginning in the 1970s, the pattern of the Soviet-American two-level hegemony changed, and the United States was at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union began to promote hegemonism, adopting the unity of Vietnam to pressure China in an attempt to subdue China and control China's internal affairs and diplomacy, so as to continue to suppress the United States.
And great power diplomacy has neither eternal friends nor eternal enemies. In this way, China and the United States, with the "help" of the Soviet Union, settled their suspicions,Become friends and the two countries formally established diplomatic relations in 1979.
During the Vietnam War, China also received help from the United States. The United States has hinted at the Soviet Union more than once that if the Soviet Union enters the war, the United States will inevitably intervene.
After winning the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, while China defeated Vietnam, it also defeated the Soviet Union to a certain extent. You know, before the war, the Soviet Union assisted Vietnam with countless weapons and equipment. After the war, China has gained great international prestige, allowing Western countries and the Soviet Union to see how tough China’s attitude is. As a result, China has gained decades of precious development time.
Of course, the greatest credit belongs to the soldiers who participated in the war. Without their stubborn fighting, China may not have the prosperity it is today, especially the sacrificed martyrs, who will live forever in the hearts of the Chinese people.
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