The difficult decision to send troops to North Korea
At 4 o'clock in the morning on June 25, 1950, Kim Il Sung suddenly crossed the 38th line and attacked South Korea's with the acquiescence of and Stalin . The Korean People’s Army was so powerful that it quickly controlled 90% of the land and 92% of the population of the Korean Peninsula.
However, everything was shattered with the landing of in Incheon under the command of MacArthur on September 15th. The People's Army was divided into two, and the situation quickly took a turn for the worse, and the war quickly burned to the Yalu River. Kim Il Sung wrote a letter for help to Chairman Mao, and Stalin also asked China to send troops to help.
Picture | MacArthur commanded the landing of Incheon
In the face of the new China, which has just been founded less than a year ago and awaiting prosperity, should it send troops or not? Fighting with the US army armed to the teeth, can the Chinese army defeat them? If you lose, what will happen? sent troops to Korea and became one of the two most difficult decisions in Chairman Mao's life. The other thing was the break with the Kuomintang in 1946.
On October 2 and October 4, 1950, the central leaders held two meetings in succession on the issue of dispatching troops, but it was very difficult to unify their opinions. At the first meeting, most people did not approve of sending troops. In the second meeting, there were still a small number of people who did not agree to send troops, or sent troops late. Peng Dehuai attended the second meeting, but did not make a statement. He understood what Chairman Mao meant.It is to send troops firmly.
Picture | Military Secretary Peng Dehuai
On October 5, the central leaders continued to hold meetings. Later, according to Peng Dehuai’s military secretary Yang Feng’an recalled: Mr. Peng, the president, stated that it was necessary to send troops to North Korea. If it was broken, it would mean that won a few years later in the War of Liberation . But if the United States is allowed to occupy North Korea, the future problems will become more complicated.
In the end, after thorough discussions at this meeting, the decision to send troops to North Korea was finalized. On October 8, Chairman Mao signed the order to form the Chinese People’s Volunteers.
Who is suitable to be the head coach of the volunteer army?
As for who is suitable to serve as the head coach of the volunteer army, Chairman Mao began to consider this issue as early as the beginning of the Korean War . In his mind, Su Yu and Lin Biao are the most suitable personnel, because both of them have very rich experience in commanding large corps operations. If he insists on dividing first and second, Su Yu may be stronger, and Lin Biao commented on Su Yu's saying: "Su Yu fights the gods."
Figure | Su Yu, the chief of staff
In 1946, during the first year of the collapse of the KMT-CPC cooperation, the PLA's major field forces wiped out a total of 1.12 million enemies, while Su Yu commanded Huaye to annihilate more than 434,000 people, accounting for 39% of the total. wiped out the 74 divisions of , known as the "first division in the world" of the Kuomintang in the 1947 battle of in Menglianggu. Chiang Kai-shek lamented: "This is the most sad and regrettable thing for me." In the Huaihai Battle that Huaye and Zhongye participated in, wiped out 555,000 enemies and Huaye wiped out 44.3. Ten thousand people, accounting for 80% of the total number.
Although Su Yu was only 43 years old at this time, his body was already very poor. He had suffered 6 battle injuries during the war years, and there were still 3 pieces of shrapnel on his head that were not taken out. He personally wrote a letter to Chairman Mao, explaining his situation, and hoped that Chairman Mao would consider other people. However, Su Yu is the best candidate in Chairman Mao's mind. He had to go to the newly formed northeast border defense army as the commander and political commissar. Later, due to repeated episodes of illness, Chairman Mao had to approve him to rest.
Picture | Su Yu in his later years
So, Chairman Mao began to consider Lin Biao, the commander of the Central South Military Region at the time and the former head of the four fields, as the commander-in-chief of the volunteers. But at this time Lin Biao was also recovering from illness, and his years of war career also made him overwhelmed. Especially in the latter part of the Battle of Hengbao in 1949, he could only lie on a stretcher and direct the battle. Lin Biao has always held a negative opinion on the issue of sending troops to North Korea. Therefore, Chairman Mao did not choose Lin Biao in the end.
Chen Yi voluntarily invited Ying to serve as
In September 1950, the Military Commission held a meeting of leaders of major military regions in Beijing. The theme was to discuss the issue of sending troops to North Korea. During the meeting, Chen Yi said to Chairman Mao: " Although I am currently responsible for local work,But as long as the front line needs it, I can immediately put on a military uniform and go to fight in North Korea . "Chairman Mao was very pleased to hear Chen Yi's statement.
Figure | Chen Yi and Chairman Mao
Chen Yi ranked 6th among the marshals of the Republic and was a staunch revolutionary. 10, 1927 In the middle of the month, the Nanchang uprising troops arrived at Tianxinwei in Anyuan County, southwestern Jiangxi, with only more than 800 people left. At that time, Zhu De was the deputy commander of the 9th Red Army and Chen Yi was the instructor of the 73rd regiment.
in our army history Chen Yi firmly supported Zhu De in the famous "Tianxin Polder Army". Subsequently, more than 800 members were changed to a column, Zhu De was the commander of the column, and Chen Yi was the instructor of the column. In April 1928, he joined Mao Zedong at Jinggangshan span5span, the fire of the Nanchang Uprising has been preserved.
In October 1934, after the Long March of the Central Red Army, Chen Yi was left in the Soviet area to lead the struggle because he was seriously injured in combat. He led the struggle for three years in the Gan-Yue border area. Struggle. In the cold winter of 1936, Chen Yi was seriously wounded and run out of ammunition. He was trapped for more than 20 days in the grassland of Meiling at the junction of Jiangxi and Guangdong. There was Kuomintang siege outside, and traitors inside were reported and framed. He died of nine deaths.
Picture | Su Yu and Chen Yi
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, after the Southern Anhui Incident in 1941, Chen Yi was ordered to reorganize the New Fourth Army and served as the acting commander, leading the New Fourth Army to persist in the resistance after the enemy in Central China. The political commissar, Su Yu served as the deputy commander. The two men worked closely together and coordinated closely to command many battles in Subei, Laiwu, Menglianggu, Jinan, Huaihai, Shanghai, etc., and achieved brilliant results.
With Chen Yi’s personal qualifications,He is qualified for the position of commander-in-chief of the volunteer army. However, after listening to Chen Yi's statement, Chairman Mao did not reply directly, saying that he would consider it again.
Chairman Mao declined Chen Yi
Why should the chairman consider it again? Because Chen Yi was the mayor of Shanghai at this time, and Shanghai was the international metropolis of Far East at that time. It was called Shiliyangchang and was the commercial and financial center of China. This position is very important.
After the victory of the Battle of Shanghai, Chairman Mao had a clear understanding of governing Shanghai. He believes: " enters Shanghai, the Chinese revolution will have to overcome a big difficulty ." Therefore, how manages a metropolis like Shanghai was a difficult problem for the party at that time . Chen Yi was very effective in the position of the mayor of Shanghai. not only quickly stabilized the situation in Shanghai, but also put the city on the right track. It is obviously inappropriate to let him take the troops to North Korea at this time.
Figure | Chairman Mao
Secondly, During the Liberation War, the command of the East China Field Army was assumed by the deputy commander Su Yulai, and Chen Yi was responsible for the control of major policies and the control of the party, government, military and civilians. Overall coordination, which is unique among other field troops. Chen Yi once said: " I fight, mainly relying on Su Yu ." Therefore, Chen Yi is relatively weak in commanding large corps operations.
Finally, after careful consideration, Chairman Mao selected Peng Dehuai as the commander-in-chief of the volunteer army. When accepting the task, President Peng resolutely said: "Chairman ,You know my temper very well, I obey the decision of the central government !
Picture | Peng Dehuai and Chairman Mao
On October 7, 1950, Chairman Mao personally hosted Peng Dehuai in the form of a family banquet in Fortress Garden, . During the banquet, Mao Anying Asked to join the war. But the battlefield was too dangerous, and President Peng disagreed. When Chairman Mao was doing work, President Peng agreed. On October 8, Mao Anying accompanied Peng Dehuai to the northeast.
Figure | Volunteers crossed Yalu River
On October 19, 1950, Peng Dehuai crossed the Yalu River with the Chinese People’s Volunteers. During the 2 years and 9 months of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, volunteer soldiers and soldiers created a miracle in the history of human warfare and wrote the story of swallowing mountains and rivers. The hero Zhuangge won the battle for the founding of the new China. also confirmed Chairman Mao's words: "Hit a punch to avoid a hundred punches. "
The final result of the war proved that Chairman Mao’s decision to dispatch troops was wise, President Peng’s command was correct, and the volunteer army was great.
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