In 1927, a man was sent to the gallows in Beijing. This man looked very calm and did not change his face. But what I never thought was that this man turned out to be Comrade Li Dazhao of the Chinese Communist Party. What is the reason? He was hanged. What's more cruel is that the hanging lasted for 40 minutes. The truth was only found out after 24 years. What is the truth? Who used such cruel methods to deal with Comrade Li Dazhao?
In the exhibition hall of the National Museum of China, there are countless precious cultural relics stored. Behind every cultural relic in the museum is a series of stories. It is these legendary stories that are now new China.
The cultural relics in the National Museum will have a separate number. These numbers are for the convenience of management, so each cultural relic is compiled. Of course, some cultural relics will be assigned special numbers. is like the "Cultural Relic No. 001" displayed in a museum.
Figure|The gallows
can occupy a place in the top museums in China, it is very rare and precious, even woven into the number 001, you can see that this cultural relic is very unusual Yes, people who saw this cultural relic are believed to be very surprised. This cultural relic is not a rare treasure, nor is it very ingenious, because this is a torture instrument, and it is a gallows for murder.
Picture|The gallows in the museum
This gallows has nothing special, but it is placed in the most important position, because there was once a great man on this gallows He was brave enough to give up righteousness. This man was Mr. Li Dazhao, the great pioneer of the Chinese Communist Party.
On April 6, 1927, Zhang Zuolin sent troops into the Russian embassy and arrested the Communist Li Dazhao who was working here, and then detained him in the 28th Russian Barracks. Room No. has been imprisoned for more than 20 days. For Li Dazhao and the others, the time of more than 20 days is like a year.
Picture|Li Dazhao on the right
On April 28, Li Dazhao was taken to the gallows. One second before he died, he yelled "Sacrifice for doctrine!"
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China thought the matter was strange, so it conducted an investigation. Before the investigation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stated that it would bring these former counter-revolutionaries to justice. For this reason, many people said Support, the Ministry of Public Security is also actively cooperating.
Until 1951, the people who had participated in the Li Dazhao incident had been arrested. After a long period of interrogation and investigation, the truth was finally revealed, and I also learned the details of Li Dazhao's execution of the hanging.
Picture Zhang Zuolin
Ministry of Railways Public Security Bureau In an operation, it happened to arrest a Central Union agent. After interrogation, this agent named Yan Zhenlang was formerly a police officer under Zhang Zuolin’s command. Bureau, participated in the arrest of Li Dazhao. After
, the Ministry of Public Security handled the incident urgently and contacted public security departments across the country. It didn’t take long for these agents to be arrested one after another, including Wu Yuwen, Lei Hengcheng, Chen Xingya, and Pu Zhizhong. After a series of inquiries, I didn't have a backer at this time. Facing the current situation, I could only tell the truth. What happened during the 40 minutes of Li Dazhao's execution?
Picture|Li Dazhao called on students to actively resist
In China in the 20th century,At that time, the country was always suffering from imperialist oppression and exploitation, and the people’s lives were in short supply, and moments of danger would come. At this time, many people could not stand it. In order to save China and the people, many people stood in succession. Among them was Li Dazhao who came out to resist.
Li Dazhao, a native of Laoting County, Hebei, has been determined to rejuvenate China since his records. At the age of 18, Li Dazhao was successfully admitted to Beiyang University of Political Science and Law. During his time in college, Li Dazhao came into contact with many advanced ideas. , I also know something about the situation in China at that time.
Picture|Li Dazhao
Therefore, after Li Dazhao graduated in 1913, he gave up the opportunity to be an official and went to Japan. continued to learn the good policy of governing the country in Japan. In 1915, Yuan Shikai in order to become emperor. Decided to sign the 21 Articles which humiliate the country, Li Dazhao was very angry when he learned about it, and called on the people of the whole country to resist the 21 Articles which humiliated the country.
After Li Dazhao brought Marxism back to China, after returning to China, Li Dazhao wanted to gather people to defend the country, founded the "Morning Bell", and actively promoted the development of the new cultural movement , and then came again Peking University served as the director of the library and participated in the " new youth" magazine. After , he founded the Communist Party of China with like-minded Chen Duxiu. Li Dazhao has been working hard for the future of the Communist Party.
Figure|New Youth Magazine
Between 1922 and 1924, Li Dazhao began to walk the north and south of China, spread the Party’s ideas, and strive to establish a revolutionary united front. was also following the Party Central Committee. s arrangement,Formally joined the Kuomintang as a Communist Party and was mainly responsible for the work of the Kuomintang and Communist Parties in the north.
In October 1924, the coup in Beijing took place, Duan Qirui temporarily took over the position of the general in power. During this period, Duan Qirui contacted Zhang Zuolin and welcomed Sun Yat-sen to discuss the current situation in the country. The situation has changed.
Li Dazhao fought against the warlords represented by Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin in order to unite the revolutionary national army , and to gain the support of Sun Yat-sen.
Picture|Left second Li Dazhao
The arrest of Li Dazhao started in January 1927. At that time, Wu Yuwen, director of the Investigation Division of the Beijing Police Department Knowing that the Central Party Headquarters of the Communist Party of China is located inside the Russian Barracks in Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, he immediately went out and informed the police chief Chen Xingya. Chen Xingya was not surprised by what he imagined after learning the news, but rather worried.
Because Li Dazhao was in a foreign concession at the time, if you want to arrest someone, you need to get permission from , the Ministry of Industry Bureau , and you can’t act rashly. One person turned the whole thing around. This person was Li Dacheng. Li Dacheng was a communist suspect caught by the third police district office of the police station. He claimed that he was living in the Russian barracks in Minxiang Lane in the eastern suburbs. The interrogator always said that he was in the Russian barracks in Minxiang, Eastern Suburbs, and then the Justice Department sent Li Dacheng to the investigation office.
Picture|Wax figure of Li Dazhao
Wu Yuwen’s interrogation has a set of his own skills, in order to be able to learn more from this Li Dacheng’s mouth,Originally wanted to ask softly, but Li Dacheng couldn't help but confessed everything at once.
gave out the exact location of his living in Dongjiaomin Lane and Li Dazhao’s address, as well as the addresses of Li Dazhao’s family, relatives, and Communist Party members. Wu Yuwen was ecstatic after hearing the news, and then Li Dacheng Put it back, and let it keep in touch with yourself.
Figure | Li Dazhao called on everyone
Wu Yuwen In order for Li Dacheng to sincerely keep in touch with himself and pass on the news, every time Li Dacheng sends relevant letters, he will reward a few Dayang, and is just like Wu Yu Wen learned a lot of news, and informed Chen Xingya of the information, and then began planning to arrest Li Dazhao.
In March, Chen Xingya specially held a meeting in Jingshi Police Department in order to arrest Li Dazhao and others. The matter was discussed, and the result of the discussion was that nearly 200 police detectives, 140 security police squad, 100 police officers in the first police station, 100 gendarmerie squadrons, a total of 540 people, will enter Russia as soon as the time comes. The barracks conduct arrest operations.
Picture|Beijing Division Police
Li Dazhao's situation is already very dangerous, but at this time he still has to continue the confrontation, plus he also led the anti-imperialist and anti-Northern warlord movement before.
This movement directly angered Duan Ruiqi. Duan Ruiqi wanted to quell the incident as soon as possible, so she ordered Li Dazhao to be arrested and charged Li Dazhao with "should gather the masses and cause trouble repeatedly". Faced with this situation, Li Dazhao could only choose to work underground. .
By April, Zhang Zuolin carried out the persecution between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and ordered that as long as those who advocated communism be arrested and sentenced to death, many Communists were arrested or even executed.
Picture|Li Dazhao
At this time, I also found that Li Dazhao, who had been hidden, was very active for a long time.The activities of the Communist Party are also very frequent, so it is concluded that Li Dazhao is still in Beijing, even if he digs the ground three feet, Li Dazhao will be arrested, so he began to search the Democratic Party of the Central Republic everywhere in Beijing.
The entire operation will only arrest members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soviets and women cannot be arrested. at 8 am on April 6th, Wu Yuwen ordered everyone to be stationed near the Russian barracks, as long as there are suspicious characters Report at any time.
At 10 o'clock, Chen Xingya specially submitted an official document to the chief minister of foreign missions in China, Odenko, in which he wrote: In the embassy area , there have been many Communist Party members recently. And has been inciting the students to riot together in the capital. Once this riot occurs, it will directly affect foreigners and destroy the peace of the enemy, so I hope we can go in and copy the refuge of the Communists.
Picture|Li Dazhao in the film and television series
Odenko signed his name directly next to him without saying anything after reading this announcement, and ordered his subordinates, the Chinese military police thought After getting permission, Wu Yuwen directly ordered several solid police detectives to hit the door. The door was soon knocked open. Since he knew where the communist members lived, he went in. Directly rushed to the office of the Central Party Headquarters of the Communist Party and Li Dazhao's residence, eventually arrested more than 60 Communists.
When the military police broke into Li Dazhao’s residence, Li Dazhao did not respond. Seeing the numerous military police standing in front of him, Li Dazhao calmly said: "I am Li Dazhao."
In fact, at the moment when the military police broke in, they wanted to shoot back, but his little daughter Li Xinghua was beside him. did not counterattack with a gun in his hand, and his Browning pistol was snatched by the deputy chief of the detective department who executed the arrest, and was later taken as his own.
Picture|Li Dazhao teaching
Li Dazhao, as the person in charge between the KMT and the Communist Party, was naturally the target of Zhang Zuolin’s arrest. Soon, Zhang Zuolin arrested Li Dazhao, together with Li Dazhao’s family and dozens of others. The revolutionaries were unfortunately arrested.
Li Dazhao also instigated Zhang Zuolin’s general and Guo Songling. This incident caused Zhang Zuolin to be in a dangerous situation. Later, Li Dazhao successfully made Feng Yuxiang and the Southern Revolutionary Government unite against . Sun Chuanfang was also influenced by Li Dazhao, and later allowed the Communist Party to conduct public activities on Wu Peifu's site.
Li Dazhao was doing everything against Zhang Zuolin, which also made Zhang Zuolin murderous, but he did not immediately put Li Dazhao to death after the arrest.
Actually, Li Dazhao had learned that Zhang Zuolin was going to send people to the Russian barracks to search and arrest himself a few days ago, but Li Dazhao did not escape. Perhaps he believed in the extraterritoriality of , or maybe it was. The work at hand has not been completed.
Picture|Movie Pictures
Li Dazhao said after receiving news that Zhang Zuolin was about to arrest him: "The Russian barracks in Dongjiaomin Lane does not allow Chinese armed forces to enter. This is recorded in the treaty, neither do they What can be done to us, so don’t worry", proved thatThis matter is not as simple as I thought.
Soon news of Li Dazhao's arrest spread, and all walks of life were very dissatisfied with it. At that time, Li Dazhao was well-known in China. At that time, the most obvious identity was the founder of the Communist Party of China and the head of the northern region. He is also a very influential revolutionist, patriot, teacher of Peking University, etc. in China.
So after learning that Li Dazhao was arrested, many people wanted to save him, and many celebrities in the society issued a public statement asking Zhang Zuolin to release people, and some people clarified the interest in killing Li Dazhao to Zhang Zuolin.
Picture|Li Dazhao
In addition, 25 schools in Beijing have jointly issued a statement, hoping that this matter can be handled leniently and not to kill the Chinese people because of temporary anger. After that, many people went to Zhang Zuolin’s The office interceded for Li Dazhao, hoping to release Li Dazhao.
Zhang Zuolin was also very painful at this time. Zhang Zuolin hesitated, whether to let him go or put him to death. The arrest of Li Dazhao was simply a problem for himself, and Zhang Zuolin was constantly pressured by the outside world.
Zhang Zuolin has been entangled at this time. On the one hand, he wanted to shoot Li Dazhao very much. On the other hand, it was because the national government was established not long ago. It would be a bit of a loss if the people's support was lost because of killing Li Dazhao.
Picture|Li Dazhao called for rebellion
In addition, Zhang Zuolin wanted to negotiate with and Chiang Kai-shek . Killing Li Dazhao will definitely affect the peace talks between the two parties, so Li Dazhao will always be in prison. Suffered from cruel torture.
Zhang Zuolin originally wanted to defeat Li Dazhao in this way and let him submit.I hope that I can learn the details of the northern part of the CCP from Li Dazhao, so as to completely remove the CCP network.
But Li Dazhao knew from the moment he was arrested that Zhang Zuolin would never let him go, so he was already ready to die.
Li Dazhao, as the supreme leader of the northern part of the Communist Party of China, has many secrets in him, but what kind of character Li Dazhao is, he will never tell the secrets of the party because of some skin and flesh pains, no matter what kind of coercion. Li Dazhao has always been firm in the incentives, and will never admit his true identity within the CCP.
Figure First National Congress
Li Dazhao In order to protect other comrades and safeguard the party’s interests, Li Dazhao did not talk about the Communist Party no matter how severe the punishment was. Kuomintang.
Within a few days of being arrested, Li Dazhao's body was already scarred, and his body was very weak, but in order to avoid death in torture, the Jingshi Police Department suspended torture to extract a confession.
Picture|Beijing Normal Police Department
At that time, everyone who wanted to defend Li Dazhao knew that he would be brutally tortured in prison, so he wanted to rescue him as soon as possible, and then the northern railway workers began to act. I got up, because I had a chance to get acquainted with Li Dazhao before, and at the same time forged a deep revolutionary friendship, wanted to try to rob the prison, so I couldn’t just watch Li Dazhao sacrifice and rescue Li Dazhao anyway.
Picture|Li Dazhao was arrested
But after Li Dazhao learned the news, he informed the person who passed the story : "They must not be allowed to do this.Don't let the party organization suffer losses because I am alone. This will make me feel uneasy, not to mention how can I watch them sacrifice to save me, this thing must not be done, absolutely not! Li Dazhao's eyes were very firm, which made the railway workers in the north give up the robbery.
On April 23, Li Dazhao was sent to the military court for trial. After a series of interrogations, he did not ask him what he wanted. As a result, he has always been righteous and awe-inspiring in court, and listed all the crimes of reactionary warlords and great powers in China. He has always believed in revolution.
Figure|Zhang Zuolin
The officials in charge of interrogating Li Dazhao did not know how to interrogate Li Dazhao for a while, but these reactionary officials did not intend to give Li Dazhao a fair trial result in this interrogation. The crime was added to this group of revolutionaries.
So Li Dazhao was charged with an unnecessarily charged crime, that is, the charges of colluding with foreigners, attempting to disrupt the national constitution, and inciting civil unrest. This is simply a nonsense.
Picture|Gallows
Zhang Zuolin sent a telegram to Sun Chuanfang, Yan Xishan and many other warlords on how to deal with Li Dazhao's affairs, hoping to give opinions, and one of them proposed to "measure the situation" "According to the law", the rest of the people advocated "strict handling." Later, Chiang Kai-shek also sent a telegram informing him that the execution would be carried out quickly to avoid future troubles. "This also made Zhang Zuolin determined to get rid of Li Dazhao.
On the morning of April 28, Zhang Zuolin ordered someone to open a special court on Li Dazhao's affairs in the Beijing Police Department. The entire court time only took 1 hour. The case was closed hastily, and the result of the case was that Li Dazhao and the others were all sentenced to death.
Picture|Li Dazhao preparing to hang
At one o'clock in the afternoon, Zhang Zuolin escorted Li Dazhao and other comrades to the execution ground. Everyone calmly walked out of the execution room and took a picture after signing their names. The photos were then taken to the place of execution.
And Li Dazhao calmly chose to hang. Before using this gallows by Li Dazhao, he had not carried out any hanging before. Li Dazhao was the first person.
The execution officially began. At that time, many people were able to see the execution. According to the people who witnessed the scene at the time, they learned that the personnel responsible for the execution did not use this gallows. Therefore, Li Dazhao is a "experimental product."
Figure|Movie Pictures
When the hanging was carried out, the executioner first put the rope around Li Dazhao's neck, waited for the position to be determined, then pressed the switch, and the baffle at Li Dazhao's feet immediately opened , And then both feet vacated and hung in the air by a rope.
After a hanging, the executioner picked him up again and untied the rope. At this time, Li Dazhao was dying. The moment Li Dazhao was put down, everyone thought that he would not continue, but Wan Wanmi had thought that this person in charge of the execution of the hanging again pushed Li Dazhao up to the gallows and repeated the first hanging method. The second time he was sent to Li Dazhao before he died, he did it again. For the third time, after repeated torture like this, I knew that Li Dazhao had no breathing. This process lasted about 40 minutes, and he was 38 years old.
Picture|Publish the newspaper after execution
The next day, Zhang Zuolin ordered the purchase of coffins for Li Dazhao, and carried the victim to Changchun Temple, Xiaxiejie, Xidijijie, Beitou outside Xuanwumen , And also told their relatives to come and claim it,Immediately afterwards, Li Dazhao's friends before his death all came, and everyone pooled money to prepare a good coffin for Li Dazhao.
originally wanted to hold a funeral, but because of Zhang Zuolin’s influence, the funeral was not held. Until 1933, Li Dazhao’s wife was suffering from illness and running out of time, so she asked the principal of Peking University and Jiang Menglin for help. I want to help my husband Li Dazhao hold a memorial service.
Jiang Menglin is well aware of Li Dazhao’s reputation, and at the same time is full of awe of Li Dazhao. After receiving help, he immediately began to raise funds in the society. In April 1933, Li Dazhao’s public sacrifice was held in Miaoguang Pavilion. At that time, due to helplessness, although the northern party organization of the Communist Party of China was inconvenient to come, so it wrote a tombstone and sent it to Li Dazhao's tomb to mourn this revolutionary teacher.
Figure|Li Dazhao
Li Dazhao’s sacrifice has never been forgotten by the Party Central Committee. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Party Central Committee ordered this matter to be checked again. Not only that, but also participated in the arrest. All agents in action must be brought to justice.
In 1951, Feng Shiping, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, received a secret letter stating that "Zhang Zuolin’s detective director Wu Yuwen was the mastermind of the murder of Comrade Li Dazhao. He lives in Gulou Bay Changhao, Beijing, and hopes to investigate and arrest him quickly.” After seeing this secret letter, Feng Shiping took it seriously and immediately arranged work to prepare Wu Yuwen for arrest.
Picture|Republic of China Beijing
Then he came to the place mentioned in the letter, and with the help of the local police, he found this man named Wu Bozhai, and arrested him, after checking and confirming it. This person is Wu Yuwen. Wu Yuwen was formally announced for arrest. In the same year, Wu Yuwen was sentenced to death because of his serious crimes.
All the spies who participated in the arrest at the time were arrested,It was only after 24 years that the truth of Li Dazhao's arrest was found out.
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