As we all know, Pakistan is China's "Pakistan Rail", but CMB is not a natural "iron", but reality has brought China and Pakistan together and become an "old iron". The "iron" of China and Pakistan was not achieved overnight. They have gradually approached in the changes in the international situation over the past few decades. So how did the "Pakistan iron" be practiced?
It can be said that the Pakistani iron, was tempered through three wars, namely the counterattack against India in 1962, the second India-Pakistan war in 1965, and the third India-Pakistan war in 1971 . In the three wars, the "iron" of China and Pakistan, the " " three "hammers" into steel .
The partition of India and Pakistan, the foundation of "iron":
The partition of India and Pakistan can be said to be a gift from the British government to China. Although India is the brightest pearl in the crown of the Queen of England, it still slipped step by step. The last Governor Mountbatten proposed a partition of India and Pakistan based on religious beliefs. India believes in Hinduism and Pakistan believes in Islam.
Fortunately, Britain has planted the bane of India's . According to the principle of division, the ownership of is free to join a country in India and Pakistan. Kashmir is one of the Tibetan states, but the local people believe in Islam, while the "state lord" is Hinduism. After the Battle of Hyderabad, India tasted the sweetness, so it sent troops to Kashmir and wanted to force Kashmir to join India.
Kashmir is a sharp sword hanging over Pakistan. Once lost, it will be a disaster for the country. Therefore, India and Pakistan have launched three India-Pakistan wars before.
Pakistan’s overall strength is far inferior to India,Therefore, in the Indo-Pakistani War, it often fell into a disadvantage, and even lost Dongba in the Third Indo-Pakistani War. Pakistan desperately needs the assistance of its allies. Throughout India and Pakistan, the Soviet Union has been supporting India, and only China is. Pakistan's natural ally.
Once Pakistan was the "Pakistan Rail" of the United States:
Although Pakistan was among the first to recognize the new Chinese regime and established diplomatic relations in May 1951, before 1962, Sino-Pakistani relations were just so-so. Pakistan is more inclined to establish friendly relations with the United States. With the help of the United States, Southeast Asia and West Asia established the Baghdad Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization respectively, and pulled Pakistan into it as the United States’ anti-communist frontline. India launched the non-aligned movement and is unwilling to join the US anti-communist alliance.
In this way, Pakistan has become the most important strategic fulcrum of the United States in South Asia. In the 1950s, the United States and Pakistan entered the honeymoon period, a large amount of US aid entered Pakistan, and Pakistan entered an anti-China period. When the President of Pakistan visited the United States, the most talked about was anti-communist.
Before the counterattack against India, Pakistan even suggested that India cooperate with Pakistan to jointly fight against the big powers in the north. It may be that Pakistan feels that with the help of the United States, India dare not do it on itself. It's just that India looks down on Pakistan at all.
However, US-Pakistan relations have slowly changed. The most important purpose of US aid to Pakistan is to get Pakistan and the Soviet Union to do it. As a result, he always uses the "Indian threat theory" to ask the US for US dollars. The United States has a feeling of being overwhelmed, and its assistance to Pakistan is not so timely and enthusiastic. The United States has been persuading the contradictions between India and Pakistan and has never thought about Pakistan’s feelings. Of course, Pakistan knows how many catties it is, how can it be a problem with India? I just want to survive, and I haven't seen that I have moved my capital to Islamabad. It just wants to " the emperor guards the country gate ".
The first "hammer", counterattack against India in 1962:
India implemented a policy of forward movement on the Sino-Indian border,As a last resort, on October 17, 1962, China issued the "Order to Annihilate the Invading Chinese Indian Army." On the 20th, the counterattack against India officially started. The Chinese border guards attacked from the east and west sections. In only 10 days, China recovered all territories south of the Kjelang River, north of the Tawang River, and east of Bhutan in the eastern section. The western section was cleared. Invasion of the Kalwan Valley and Aksai Chin region in India. The first phase of the war was won cleanly.
As a result, India was unwilling to accept our country's call for peace talks to conduct emergency national military mobilization, but it still failed miserably in the second phase of operations, which shocked the world. With the support of the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, India still cannot defeat China. In the end, 4,885 Indians were killed and wounded by , and 3,968 were captured. Among them, one brigadier general was killed and one captured. China only sacrificed 722 people and injured 697 others.
This kind of record comparison makes Pakistan very envious. In view of India's unwillingness to cooperate with Pakistan, and US aid began to become unreliable, Pakistan firmly supported China in this war and became one of the few countries that supported China.
The counterattack against India was a turning point in Sino-Pakistani relations. Seeing the strong combat effectiveness of the Chinese army, the idea of developing relations with China was germinated. In 1962, Pakistan's vote to restore China's legal seat in the United Nations changed its original opposition.
In 1963, China and Pakistan reached a boundary agreement, according to the Karakoram Mountains watershed to divide the border between the two countries, the 5310 square kilometers of Karakoram Corridor was assigned to China, and 1940 The square kilometer of Kanjuti is included in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir, so that the two countries will have no territorial disputes and lay the foundation for future cooperation.
The second "hammer", the second India-Pakistan war, China is really loyal:
August 1965,In Kashmir, an exchange of fire between India and Pakistan occurred, and such conflicts often occurred in real time. Somehow, a large number of Pakistani "freedom fighters" entered the Indian-controlled Kashmir, attacked the Indian army's outposts and convoys, and faced the regular Indian army. These armed forces simply could not hold up a round. After the armed forces were eliminated, India was ceasefire. Six divisions have been deployed near the line.
may be the Sino-Indian war three years ago. The vulnerable image of the Indian army has greatly boosted Pakistan’s confidence. Therefore, the Pakistani side allowed these "freedom fighters" to enter India-controlled Kashmir. But they did not expect that three years have passed since 1962. If Pakistan started in 1962, there might still be a chance. Now, under the aid of the US and Soviet aid, the Indian army has already returned to blood.
On August 14th, the Indian army crossed the ceasefire line and entered Pakistan-controlled Kashmir. Facing the Indian army’s steadily pressing on, Pakistan formulated a "Grand Slam Operation" and decided to use regular troops to attack the western region of Kashmir. In a counterattack, due to the suddenness of the action, the Indian army was defeated and Pakistan took away 500 square kilometers of land.
When news of the defeat came back to China, the Indian government was excited and decided to increase its troops. On September 6, it suddenly launched an attack on Pakistan. The Pakistani army was caught off guard and quickly retreated to the important town of , Lahore . In order to reverse the situation, Pakistan appealed to the United Kingdom and the United States for assistance, but the United Kingdom refused on the grounds that India was a member of the Commonwealth. The United States refused on the grounds that the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was a defense against "socialist countries" and India was not within the defense.
The Soviet Union is an old friendly country to India, and it is impossible to support itself. Pakistan seeks assistance from countries such as Iran and Turkey, which are also Muslim countries, but these countries have limited national strength and are far from the border between India and Pakistan. Aid is limited, Indonesia even just talks,As for material assistance, it does not.
In this way, Pakistan’s only hope is China. Faced with Pakistan's request, China immediately responded. This is also a good time for China to combat India's arrogance.
On September 6, China first issued a statement stating that it supports Pakistan and that India’s actions are aggression. On the 8th, a note was sent to India, demanding that India immediately withdraw all illegal fortifications along the border between China and Sikkim in order to put pressure on India.
Following the unfavorable situation in Pakistan, China issued a stricter note to India on the 17th:
"In three days, dismantle the Indian invasion fortifications on the border between China and the country, immediately stop all invasion activities, and promise no more Harassment."
This is basically equivalent to an ultimatum.
Accompanied by the note was the Chinese border guards gathering movement towards the Sino-Indian border. The pressure on India was enormous. The shadow of 1962 still flashed in the minds of Indians. This made India afraid to transfer India's eastern army to the west for reinforcements. At the same time, East Pakistan had only one division of the Pakistani army stationed. However, under the pressure of China, India did not dare to do anything, and Pakistan's pressure was greatly reduced.
At the same time, China's material assistance has allocated a large number of artillery, tanks and other equipment to Pakistan. China even directly allocated 200 Type 59 tanks to Pakistan from active forces.
With China’s great assistance and the Pakistani army’s efforts, the Indian army’s combat attempts were not achieved, and the United States and the Soviet Union panicked at this time, worrying that China’s direct involvement in the war would cause a full-scale war.India may fall into chaos. The United States put pressure on India and Pakistan to demand a ceasefire. In the end, the two sides reached a ceasefire on September 23. The two sides retreated to the area where they were before the war. After fighting for more than a month, they felt lonely.
During this war, Pakistan asked the whole world for help. As a result, only China gave selfless help, not only politically but also military, which also carried out practical actions. The help to Pakistan is not negligible.
Only then discovered that the Chinese are really loyal and a real friend to make.
The third "hammer", the third India-Pakistan war, you have to help if you have difficulties:
The second India-Pakistan war was lonely, and India had to sign a ceasefire agreement under the pressure of the United States and the Soviet Union. In particular, the "Ultimatum" note issued by China during the Second War made India deeply disturbed.
In 1966, that decade began. In 1969, the Treasure Island War broke out. India believed that China was restrained by the Soviet Union and dared not make any big moves. In August 1971, India and the Soviet Union signed the "Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation" , demonstrating the Soviet Union's support for India.
Dongba was in chaos in the early 1970s. Taking this opportunity, India decided to launch the third India-Pakistan war and dismember Pakistan.
On November 21, 1971, the Indian army suddenly launched an attack on Pakistan. In the direction of Dongba, India invested about 170,000 people by land, sea and air, and 300,000 people in the direction of Xiba. In Pakistan, there are only 90,000 people in East Pakistan and 250,000 in West Pakistan.
In the face of India's attack on the east and west lines, Pakistan has no power to fight back. It can only maintain a confrontation with India on the Western Front and retreats on the Eastern Front. On December 16th , the Pakistani army surrendered.
Who can Pakistan rely on at this time? The U.S. military was stuck in the quagmire of Vietnam, and the Soviet Union became an ally of India, but China was the only one.
In 1971, the situation facing China was still very difficult, and it was still very difficult to send troops to support. Although the United States actively lobbied China to send troops, China still tactfully refused. After all, in addition to the threat from the north, at this time, the mountain was covered by heavy snow and it was extremely difficult to send troops. This is also the reason why India chose to send troops in the winter. On the other hand, China bought Pakistan for half a year, and it was delayed from summer to winter.
deeply understands this Pakistan, but the surrender of East Pakistan on December 16, Pakistan may continue to be dismembered or annexed by India.
Faced with the fierce offensive of the Indian army, China still took some emergency measures just in case. For example, from various military districts to Tibet and enter a state of emergency, they promised President Yahya Khan that China will deploy troops to the border within 72 hours if necessary.
Same as last time, China once again issued a diplomatic note this time, condemning the Indian soldiers to cross the border to survey and map and violate China's territorial sovereignty.
Under pressure from China and the United States, and under the friendly reminder of the Soviet Union, India announced a "unilateral ceasefire" on the 17th after taking over Dongba.
and China has drawn a red line to India and saved Seba. The friendship between China and Pakistan has been tempered once again. Although China has great difficulties, it still does what it can.
and finally:
During the Wenchuan earthquake, Pakistan directly evacuated the domestic military tent to support China. At the end of 2019, when the new crown epidemic broke out, the Pakistani Senate directly passed a resolution to fully support China's fight against the new crown epidemic, and sent all the stock masks in domestic hospitals to China. The simple packaging of aid materials is a symbol of "iron" because only oneself Talents do not care about packaging in this way.
When the epidemic in China improved and Pakistan broke out, China directly sent a medical team to Pakistan, and a large number of medical supplies were sent to Pakistan.
In this way, China-Pakistan steel-like friendship is forged.
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